Saudi Arabia

Country Saudi Arabia
Capital Riyadh
Continent Asia
Currency Saudi Riyal(SAR)
Languages Arabic

Information

Introduction

Saudi Arabia is the birthplace of Islam and home to Islam's two holiest shrines in Mecca and Medina. The king's official title is the Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques. The modern Saudi state was founded in 1932 by ABD AL-AZIZ bin Abd al-Rahman Al SAUD (Ibn Saud) after a 30-year campaign to unify most of the Arabian Peninsula. A male descendent of Ibn Saud, his son ABDALLAH bin Abd al-Aziz, rules the country today as required by the country's 1992 Basic Law. Following Iraq's invasion of Kuwait in 1990, Saudi Arabia accepted the Kuwaiti royal family and 400,000 refugees while allowing Western and Arab troops to deploy on its soil for the liberation of Kuwait the following year. The continuing presence of foreign troops on Saudi soil after the liberation of Kuwait became a source of tension between the royal family and the public until all operational US troops left the country in 2003. Major terrorist attacks in May and November 2003 spurred a strong on-going campaign against domestic terrorism and extremism. King ABDALLAH has continued the cautious reform program begun when he was crown prince. To promote increased political participation, the government held elections nationwide from February through April 2005 for half the members of 179 municipal councils. In December 2005, King ABDALLAH completed the process by appointing the remaining members of the advisory municipal councils. The king instituted an Inter-Faith Dialogue initiative in 2008 to encourage religious tolerance on a global level; in February 2009, he reshuffled the cabinet, which led to more moderates holding ministerial and judicial positions, and appointed the first female to the cabinet. The country remains a leading producer of oil and natural gas and holds more than 20% of the world's proven oil reserves. The government continues to pursue economic reform and diversification, particularly since Saudi Arabia's accession to the WTO in December 2005, and promotes foreign investment in the kingdom. A burgeoning population, aquifer depletion, and an economy largely dependent on petroleum output and prices are all ongoing governmental concerns.

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References

Saudi Arabia - Wikipedia
Saudi Arabia - CIA World Fact Book
Saudi Arabia - BBC
Saudi Arabia - Timeline - BBC

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Trump To Offer Saudi Arabia Over $100 Billion Arms Package: Report - NDTVTrump To Offer Saudi Arabia Over $100 Billion Arms Package: Report  NDTV

US to offer Saudi Arabia $100bn weapons deal as Trump visit planned: Report | Weapons News - Al JazeeraUS to offer Saudi Arabia $100bn weapons deal as Trump visit planned: Report | Weapons News  Al Jazeera

Trump to offer Saudi Arabia $100 billion arms deal during May visit: Report - The Indian ExpressTrump to offer Saudi Arabia $100 billion arms deal during May visit: Report  The Indian Express

PM Modi in Saudi Arabia highlights: Prime Minister Narendra Modi arrives in Jeddah - The HinduPM Modi in Saudi Arabia highlights: Prime Minister Narendra Modi arrives in Jeddah  The Hindu

Saudi Arabia’s new Hajj rule: No entry to Makkah for expats without permits - Times of IndiaSaudi Arabia’s new Hajj rule: No entry to Makkah for expats without permits  Times of India

Saudi Arabia bans stay for non-Hajj visas-holding tourists in Makkah - The Economic TimesSaudi Arabia bans stay for non-Hajj visas-holding tourists in Makkah  The Economic Times

Saudi Arabia warns of heavy penalties for overstaying visas ahead of Hajj - The Economic TimesSaudi Arabia warns of heavy penalties for overstaying visas ahead of Hajj  The Economic Times

After deadly Pahalgam strike, Iran urges dialogue between ‘brotherly neighbours’ India and Pakistan, Saudi - The Economic TimesAfter deadly Pahalgam strike, Iran urges dialogue between ‘brotherly neighbours’ India and Pakistan, Saudi  The Economic Times

Saudi Arabia Dials India, Pakistan Foreign Ministers Amid Soaring Tensions After Pahalgam Attack- News18 - News18Saudi Arabia Dials India, Pakistan Foreign Ministers Amid Soaring Tensions After Pahalgam Attack- News18  News18

Pahalgam terror attack: Iran offers to mediate, Saudi Arabia dials Delhi, Islamabad as India-Pakistan tensions escalate - Times of IndiaPahalgam terror attack: Iran offers to mediate, Saudi Arabia dials Delhi, Islamabad as India-Pakistan tensions escalate  Times of India

PM Modi's Aircraft Avoids Pakistan Airspace, On Return From Saudi Arabia - India Today - India TodayPM Modi's Aircraft Avoids Pakistan Airspace, On Return From Saudi Arabia - India Today  India Today

Turkey Joins Mexico, Brazil, UK, Saudi Arabia, Cyprus, India, and France in Australia’s New Travel Alert: What You Need to Know - Travel And Tour WorldTurkey Joins Mexico, Brazil, UK, Saudi Arabia, Cyprus, India, and France in Australia’s New Travel Alert: What You Need to Know  Travel And Tour World

India–Saudi Arabia Relations - Drishti IASIndia–Saudi Arabia Relations  Drishti IAS

Saudi Arabia, India agree to boost cooperation in energy and defence - ReutersSaudi Arabia, India agree to boost cooperation in energy and defence  Reuters

Saudi Arabia slashes crude burn, taps gas for power generation by 2030 - Rystad EnergySaudi Arabia slashes crude burn, taps gas for power generation by 2030  Rystad Energy

PM Modi in Saudi Arabia: Building a corridor of peace and innovation - FirstpostPM Modi in Saudi Arabia: Building a corridor of peace and innovation  Firstpost

Saudi Arabia condemns Pahalgam terror attack, offers condolences to victims’ families - DD NewsSaudi Arabia condemns Pahalgam terror attack, offers condolences to victims’ families  DD News

Saudi Arabia vs Thailand, 7th Match, Mon, Apr 28, Malaysia Quadrangular T20I Series, 2025 - Cricbuzz.comSaudi Arabia vs Thailand, 7th Match, Mon, Apr 28, Malaysia Quadrangular T20I Series, 2025  Cricbuzz.com

Pahalgam attack: PM Modi to cut short Saudi Arabia visit, to leave for India tonight - - NEWS ON AIRPahalgam attack: PM Modi to cut short Saudi Arabia visit, to leave for India tonight -  NEWS ON AIR

India, Saudi Arabia Plan JV for Two New Oil Refineries - Construction WorldIndia, Saudi Arabia Plan JV for Two New Oil Refineries  Construction World

Saudi Arabia is a force of positivity and stability: PM Modi - The HinduSaudi Arabia is a force of positivity and stability: PM Modi  The Hindu

Saudi Arabia, India to deepen energy ties, to set up two oil refineries - Business StandardSaudi Arabia, India to deepen energy ties, to set up two oil refineries  Business Standard

PM Modi To Visit Saudi Arabia, First PM To Visit Jeddah In 40 Years - NDTVPM Modi To Visit Saudi Arabia, First PM To Visit Jeddah In 40 Years  NDTV

India, Saudi Arabia exploring joint refinery, petrochemical projects, Modi says - ReutersIndia, Saudi Arabia exploring joint refinery, petrochemical projects, Modi says  Reuters

Modi Saudi Arabia Visit LIVE: Saudi fighter jets escort PM's plane to Jeddah - Hindustan TimesModi Saudi Arabia Visit LIVE: Saudi fighter jets escort PM's plane to Jeddah  Hindustan Times

US President Donald Trump to visit Saudi Arabia, Qatar, and UAE from May 13-16 - MintUS President Donald Trump to visit Saudi Arabia, Qatar, and UAE from May 13-16  Mint

Why Prince Al-Waleed is known as Saudi Arabia’s 'Sleeping Prince' - Times of IndiaWhy Prince Al-Waleed is known as Saudi Arabia’s 'Sleeping Prince'  Times of India

PM Modi to visit Saudi Arabia today - What’s on the agenda - Times of IndiaPM Modi to visit Saudi Arabia today - What’s on the agenda  Times of India

Malaysia Vs Saudi Arabia Quadrangular T20I Series: MAL Win Thriller On Penultimate Ball - Outlook IndiaMalaysia Vs Saudi Arabia Quadrangular T20I Series: MAL Win Thriller On Penultimate Ball  Outlook India

Pahalgam: Saudi Arabia, Iran offer to mediate between India, Pakistan to ease rising bitterness - UNITED NEWS OF INDIAPahalgam: Saudi Arabia, Iran offer to mediate between India, Pakistan to ease rising bitterness  UNITED NEWS OF INDIA

Pahalgam terror attack: PM Modi cuts short his Saudi Arabia visit, to leave for India on Tuesday night, s - Times of IndiaPahalgam terror attack: PM Modi cuts short his Saudi Arabia visit, to leave for India on Tuesday night, s  Times of India

Pahalgam terror attack: PM Modi cuts short Saudi Arabia visit, to return to India early Wednesday morning - MintPahalgam terror attack: PM Modi cuts short Saudi Arabia visit, to return to India early Wednesday morning  Mint

PM Modi didn't fly over Pakistan on return from Saudi Arabia following Pahalgam attack - The Economic TimesPM Modi didn't fly over Pakistan on return from Saudi Arabia following Pahalgam attack  The Economic Times

Modi’s historic Saudi Arabia visit to seal major pacts, push for bigger Hajj quota - The Economic TimesModi’s historic Saudi Arabia visit to seal major pacts, push for bigger Hajj quota  The Economic Times

Pahalgam attack: PM Modi cuts short Saudi Arabia visit, leaves for India from Jeddah - Hindustan TimesPahalgam attack: PM Modi cuts short Saudi Arabia visit, leaves for India from Jeddah  Hindustan Times

Saudi Arabia vs Thailand, 1st Match, Tomorrow, Malaysia Quadrangular T20I Series, 2025 - Cricbuzz.comSaudi Arabia vs Thailand, 1st Match, Tomorrow, Malaysia Quadrangular T20I Series, 2025  Cricbuzz.com

PM Modi to embark on a two-day visit to Saudi Arabia today. What’s on the agenda in Jeddah? - MintPM Modi to embark on a two-day visit to Saudi Arabia today. What’s on the agenda in Jeddah?  Mint

Saudi Arabia and India Agree to Set Up Two Oil Refineries - Bloomberg.comSaudi Arabia and India Agree to Set Up Two Oil Refineries  Bloomberg.com

Big tension for bankrupt Pakistan, Mohammed bin Salman's Saudi Arabia to work with Indian companies to build... - DNA IndiaBig tension for bankrupt Pakistan, Mohammed bin Salman's Saudi Arabia to work with Indian companies to build...  DNA India

PM Modi cuts short Saudi Arabia visit following deadly Pahalgam terror attack - The Economic TimesPM Modi cuts short Saudi Arabia visit following deadly Pahalgam terror attack  The Economic Times

India, Saudi Arabia hold inaugural army-to-army staff talks, with focus on defence cooperation - Times of IndiaIndia, Saudi Arabia hold inaugural army-to-army staff talks, with focus on defence cooperation  Times of India

Saudi Arabia’s ‘Sleeping Prince’ turns 36 after nearly 20 years in coma - The Indian ExpressSaudi Arabia’s ‘Sleeping Prince’ turns 36 after nearly 20 years in coma  The Indian Express

Expertise Group CEO Ashif Karnire meets PM Modi in Saudi Arabia - DaijiworldExpertise Group CEO Ashif Karnire meets PM Modi in Saudi Arabia  Daijiworld

Modi makes history: No Indian PM has ever been to THIS city in Saudi Arabia in 40+ years - MintModi makes history: No Indian PM has ever been to THIS city in Saudi Arabia in 40+ years  Mint

Saudi Arabia Exposes Pakistan On Global Stage, Islamabad Left Embarrassed - ABP Live EnglishSaudi Arabia Exposes Pakistan On Global Stage, Islamabad Left Embarrassed  ABP Live English

Piastri clinches victory in Saudi Arabia from Verstappen - Formula 1Piastri clinches victory in Saudi Arabia from Verstappen  Formula 1

Executions for drug-related offenses surge in Saudi Arabia since January 2025 - JURIST Legal NewsExecutions for drug-related offenses surge in Saudi Arabia since January 2025  JURIST Legal News

Explained: An Iran-Saudi shift amidst US-Iran nuclear talks - The Indian ExpressExplained: An Iran-Saudi shift amidst US-Iran nuclear talks  The Indian Express

Expertise Group CEO Ashif Karnire meets PM Modi in Saudi Arabia - Vartha BharatiExpertise Group CEO Ashif Karnire meets PM Modi in Saudi Arabia  Vartha Bharati

Modi's Saudi Arabia visit: Riyadh eyes larger share of oil exports, refinery investment - The Economic TimesModi's Saudi Arabia visit: Riyadh eyes larger share of oil exports, refinery investment  The Economic Times

India, Saudi Arabia deepen ties in education, trade corridors, and global coordination - Times of IndiaIndia, Saudi Arabia deepen ties in education, trade corridors, and global coordination  Times of India

How Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Bahrain, and Qatar Are Igniting a New Era of Luxury Travel and Tourism Growth with High-End Train Services Across the GCC - Travel And Tour WorldHow Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Bahrain, and Qatar Are Igniting a New Era of Luxury Travel and Tourism Growth with High-End Train Services Across the GCC  Travel And Tour World

Barcelona forward reacts to lucrative offer from Saudi Arabia – “Numbers are very high” - Barca UniversalBarcelona forward reacts to lucrative offer from Saudi Arabia – “Numbers are very high”  Barca Universal

Trump to Unveil $100 Billion Arms Deal with Saudi Arabia During May Visit: Report - The Indian ExpressTrump to Unveil $100 Billion Arms Deal with Saudi Arabia During May Visit: Report  The Indian Express

India, Saudi Arabia deepen tech and tourism ties during PM Modi's visit - Times of IndiaIndia, Saudi Arabia deepen tech and tourism ties during PM Modi's visit  Times of India

Saudi Arabia seeks to defuse India-Pakistan crisis - Bangladesh Sangbad Sangstha (BSS)Saudi Arabia seeks to defuse India-Pakistan crisis  Bangladesh Sangbad Sangstha (BSS)

Albon and Sainz praise teamwork as Saudi Arabia double points finish puts Williams fifth in standings - Formula 1Albon and Sainz praise teamwork as Saudi Arabia double points finish puts Williams fifth in standings  Formula 1

Breaking News: Saudi Arabia Set to Receive Next-Gen U.S. Military Equipment in Historic $100 Billion Arms Deal - Army RecognitionBreaking News: Saudi Arabia Set to Receive Next-Gen U.S. Military Equipment in Historic $100 Billion Arms Deal  Army Recognition

PM highlights the growing ties between India and Saudi Arabia - PM IndiaPM highlights the growing ties between India and Saudi Arabia  PM India

India, Saudi Arabia mull high-voltage connect at the bottom of Arabian Sea - The Economic TimesIndia, Saudi Arabia mull high-voltage connect at the bottom of Arabian Sea  The Economic Times

'Saudi Arabia a valued partner and trusted friend of India': PM Modi ahead of his visit - Times of India'Saudi Arabia a valued partner and trusted friend of India': PM Modi ahead of his visit  Times of India

PM Modi to begin 2-day visit to Saudi Arabia visit from April 22 - Hindustan TimesPM Modi to begin 2-day visit to Saudi Arabia visit from April 22  Hindustan Times

Exclusive: Trump poised to offer Saudi Arabia over $100 billion arms package, sources say - ReutersExclusive: Trump poised to offer Saudi Arabia over $100 billion arms package, sources say  Reuters

What the teams said – Race day at the 2025 Saudi Arabian Grand Prix | Formula 1® - Formula 1What the teams said – Race day at the 2025 Saudi Arabian Grand Prix | Formula 1®  Formula 1

Saudi Arabia Has Had Enough of Cheaters - Crude Oil Prices Today | OilPrice.comSaudi Arabia Has Had Enough of Cheaters  Crude Oil Prices Today | OilPrice.com

LIVE COVERAGE - Formula 1 stc Saudi Arabian Grand Prix 2025 | Formula 1® - Formula 1LIVE COVERAGE - Formula 1 stc Saudi Arabian Grand Prix 2025 | Formula 1®  Formula 1

Lenovo, HP, and Dell explore manufacturing facilities in Saudi Arabia - TechNodeLenovo, HP, and Dell explore manufacturing facilities in Saudi Arabia  TechNode

Leclerc ‘never expected’ podium in Saudi Arabia as he urges Ferrari to ‘keep pushing’ for fight at front - Formula 1Leclerc ‘never expected’ podium in Saudi Arabia as he urges Ferrari to ‘keep pushing’ for fight at front  Formula 1

Saudi Arabia issues record 8,074 'premium residency' permits in 2024 to attract global talent - Gulf NewsSaudi Arabia issues record 8,074 'premium residency' permits in 2024 to attract global talent  Gulf News

Saudi Arabia: Families fear imminent execution of loved ones amid surge in drug-related executions - Amnesty InternationalSaudi Arabia: Families fear imminent execution of loved ones amid surge in drug-related executions  Amnesty International

IMEC, energy ties in focus as PM Narendra Modi begins Saudi Arabia visit - Business StandardIMEC, energy ties in focus as PM Narendra Modi begins Saudi Arabia visit  Business Standard

'We have been able to meet some needs of Saudi Arabian armed forces' PM Modi pitches for enhanced defence - The Economic Times'We have been able to meet some needs of Saudi Arabian armed forces' PM Modi pitches for enhanced defence  The Economic Times

Saudi Arabia ‘one of India’s most valued partners, a trusted friend and a strategic ally,’ Indian PM Narendra Modi tells Arab News - Arab NewsSaudi Arabia ‘one of India’s most valued partners, a trusted friend and a strategic ally,’ Indian PM Narendra Modi tells Arab News  Arab News

PM Modi departs from Jeddah for New Delhi, cuts short Saudi Arabia visit after J-K terror attack - India TV NewsPM Modi departs from Jeddah for New Delhi, cuts short Saudi Arabia visit after J-K terror attack  India TV News

PM Modi To Visit Saudi Arabia From April 22-23, Boost Strategic Partnership - NDTVPM Modi To Visit Saudi Arabia From April 22-23, Boost Strategic Partnership  NDTV

Saudi Arabia, Iran offers to mediate amid Indo-Pak tension - The Business StandardSaudi Arabia, Iran offers to mediate amid Indo-Pak tension  The Business Standard

Watch highlights from Piastri's Saudi Arabian GP victory - Formula 1Watch highlights from Piastri's Saudi Arabian GP victory  Formula 1

PM Modi returns to Delhi from Saudi Arabia after Pahalgam terror attack leaves 26 dead: Watch - MintPM Modi returns to Delhi from Saudi Arabia after Pahalgam terror attack leaves 26 dead: Watch  Mint

India, Saudi Arabia unveil steps to boost cooperation; PM Modi curtails visit over J&K attack - Hindustan TimesIndia, Saudi Arabia unveil steps to boost cooperation; PM Modi curtails visit over J&K attack  Hindustan Times

Carlos Sainz finishes eighth in Saudi Arabian GP, his best result of the season - CarlosSainz.esCarlos Sainz finishes eighth in Saudi Arabian GP, his best result of the season  CarlosSainz.es

Saudi Arabia bans visas for 14 countries including India; full list - Report - MintSaudi Arabia bans visas for 14 countries including India; full list - Report  Mint

Open source AI driving Saudi Arabia’s vision 2030 digital transformation - BLiTZ - Fears None But GodOpen source AI driving Saudi Arabia’s vision 2030 digital transformation  BLiTZ - Fears None But God

FIA post-race press conference – 2025 Saudi Arabian Grand Prix | Formula 1® - Formula 1FIA post-race press conference – 2025 Saudi Arabian Grand Prix | Formula 1®  Formula 1

India to work with Saudi Arabia to enhance stability of global oil markets - The Economic TimesIndia to work with Saudi Arabia to enhance stability of global oil markets  The Economic Times

Saudi Arabia’s ‘city of roses’, where farmers bottle flowers’ aroma - South China Morning PostSaudi Arabia’s ‘city of roses’, where farmers bottle flowers’ aroma  South China Morning Post

POWER RANKINGS: Who lit up the streets of Jeddah during the Saudi Arabian GP weekend? - Formula 1POWER RANKINGS: Who lit up the streets of Jeddah during the Saudi Arabian GP weekend?  Formula 1

PM Modi arrives in Saudi Arabia's Jeddah: Hajj quota, defence, trade pacts on agenda - India TodayPM Modi arrives in Saudi Arabia's Jeddah: Hajj quota, defence, trade pacts on agenda  India Today

Trump plans to offer $100bn arms sale to Saudi Arabia during visit: Report - Middle East EyeTrump plans to offer $100bn arms sale to Saudi Arabia during visit: Report  Middle East Eye

Modi calls security collaboration with Saudi Arabia reflection of mutual trust - Hindustan TimesModi calls security collaboration with Saudi Arabia reflection of mutual trust  Hindustan Times

Saudi Arabia Cracks Down on Hajj 2025 Travel with Severe Penalties and a Ban on 14 Countries, Including Iran, Mali, Ethiopia, Somalia, Congo, Libya, and Kenya - Travel And Tour WorldSaudi Arabia Cracks Down on Hajj 2025 Travel with Severe Penalties and a Ban on 14 Countries, Including Iran, Mali, Ethiopia, Somalia, Congo, Libya, and Kenya  Travel And Tour World

Vision 2030: Saudi Arabia completes 674 initiatives - Gulf NewsVision 2030: Saudi Arabia completes 674 initiatives  Gulf News

RONN Inc. Initiates Plans For Riyadh Headquarters - Fuel Cells WorksRONN Inc. Initiates Plans For Riyadh Headquarters  Fuel Cells Works

Saudi Arabia and India Forge Deeper Energy Ties - Crude Oil Prices Today | OilPrice.comSaudi Arabia and India Forge Deeper Energy Ties  Crude Oil Prices Today | OilPrice.com

‘Our worst performance so far’ – Wolff left searching for answers after Mercedes’ low-key display in Saudi Arabian GP - Formula 1‘Our worst performance so far’ – Wolff left searching for answers after Mercedes’ low-key display in Saudi Arabian GP  Formula 1

Hamilton ‘fighting the car every corner’ in Jeddah - Formula 1Hamilton ‘fighting the car every corner’ in Jeddah  Formula 1

Verstappen clinches stunning pole position in Saudi Arabia as Norris crashes out in dramatic Qualifying - Formula 1Verstappen clinches stunning pole position in Saudi Arabia as Norris crashes out in dramatic Qualifying  Formula 1

Saudi Arabia’s F-35 hopes fade despite massive US arms package - BulgarianMilitary.comSaudi Arabia’s F-35 hopes fade despite massive US arms package  BulgarianMilitary.com

Brown and Horner share views on Verstappen’s penalty - Formula 1Brown and Horner share views on Verstappen’s penalty  Formula 1

Saudi Arabia bans visas for 14 countries ahead of Hajj: Why is India on the list? - Times of IndiaSaudi Arabia bans visas for 14 countries ahead of Hajj: Why is India on the list?  Times of India

PM Modi Lands In Jeddah In Historic Saudi Arabia Visit - ETV BharatPM Modi Lands In Jeddah In Historic Saudi Arabia Visit  ETV Bharat

F1 Saudi Arabia Grand Prix 2025 LIVE: Reaction & result as Oscar Piastri wins for McLaren - BBCF1 Saudi Arabia Grand Prix 2025 LIVE: Reaction & result as Oscar Piastri wins for McLaren  BBC

Saudi Arabia reopens haj portal to accommodate 10,000 Indian pilgrims after Centre’s intervention - The HinduSaudi Arabia reopens haj portal to accommodate 10,000 Indian pilgrims after Centre’s intervention  The Hindu

Modi departs for key Jeddah visit; says India values 'historic relations' with Saudi Arabia - The Economic TimesModi departs for key Jeddah visit; says India values 'historic relations' with Saudi Arabia  The Economic Times

Iranian State Media's Controversial Broadcast Draws Criticism Amid Diplomatic Thaw With Saudi Arabia - - Iran Front PageIranian State Media's Controversial Broadcast Draws Criticism Amid Diplomatic Thaw With Saudi Arabia -  Iran Front Page

India-Pakistan war: Will there be peace? THESE two powerful muslim countries step in, one offers mediation, o - India.ComIndia-Pakistan war: Will there be peace? THESE two powerful muslim countries step in, one offers mediation, o  India.Com