Saudi Arabia

Country Saudi Arabia
Capital Riyadh
Continent Asia
Currency Saudi Riyal(SAR)
Languages Arabic

Information

Introduction

Saudi Arabia is the birthplace of Islam and home to Islam's two holiest shrines in Mecca and Medina. The king's official title is the Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques. The modern Saudi state was founded in 1932 by ABD AL-AZIZ bin Abd al-Rahman Al SAUD (Ibn Saud) after a 30-year campaign to unify most of the Arabian Peninsula. A male descendent of Ibn Saud, his son ABDALLAH bin Abd al-Aziz, rules the country today as required by the country's 1992 Basic Law. Following Iraq's invasion of Kuwait in 1990, Saudi Arabia accepted the Kuwaiti royal family and 400,000 refugees while allowing Western and Arab troops to deploy on its soil for the liberation of Kuwait the following year. The continuing presence of foreign troops on Saudi soil after the liberation of Kuwait became a source of tension between the royal family and the public until all operational US troops left the country in 2003. Major terrorist attacks in May and November 2003 spurred a strong on-going campaign against domestic terrorism and extremism. King ABDALLAH has continued the cautious reform program begun when he was crown prince. To promote increased political participation, the government held elections nationwide from February through April 2005 for half the members of 179 municipal councils. In December 2005, King ABDALLAH completed the process by appointing the remaining members of the advisory municipal councils. The king instituted an Inter-Faith Dialogue initiative in 2008 to encourage religious tolerance on a global level; in February 2009, he reshuffled the cabinet, which led to more moderates holding ministerial and judicial positions, and appointed the first female to the cabinet. The country remains a leading producer of oil and natural gas and holds more than 20% of the world's proven oil reserves. The government continues to pursue economic reform and diversification, particularly since Saudi Arabia's accession to the WTO in December 2005, and promotes foreign investment in the kingdom. A burgeoning population, aquifer depletion, and an economy largely dependent on petroleum output and prices are all ongoing governmental concerns.

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References

Saudi Arabia - Wikipedia
Saudi Arabia - CIA World Fact Book
Saudi Arabia - BBC
Saudi Arabia - Timeline - BBC

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Saudi Arabia grants citizenship to Uber co-founder, Red Sea Global CEO - Arab NewsSaudi Arabia grants citizenship to Uber co-founder, Red Sea Global CEO  Arab News

Saudi Government Seeks $10 Billion in Rare Loan Deal - Bloomberg.comSaudi Government Seeks $10 Billion in Rare Loan Deal  Bloomberg.com

Pakistan-Saudi Arabia Security Pact: Nukes, Money, and India's Dilemma | S3 | Ep 25 - India TodayPakistan-Saudi Arabia Security Pact: Nukes, Money, and India's Dilemma | S3 | Ep 25  India Today

Saudi Arabia imposes fines up to SR2 million in new municipal violation rules - Times of IndiaSaudi Arabia imposes fines up to SR2 million in new municipal violation rules  Times of India

CBI brings fugitive wanted in cheating case to India from Saudi Arabia | Latest News India - Hindustan TimesCBI brings fugitive wanted in cheating case to India from Saudi Arabia | Latest News India  Hindustan Times

CBI Brings Back Wanted Fugitive Manakandathil Thekkethi From Saudi Arabia - News18CBI Brings Back Wanted Fugitive Manakandathil Thekkethi From Saudi Arabia  News18

Saudi Arabia deports Indian fugitive wanted in cheating case - Siasat.comSaudi Arabia deports Indian fugitive wanted in cheating case  Siasat.com

Saudi Arabia Moves a Step Closer to Qualification for 2026 World Cup - Deccan ChronicleSaudi Arabia Moves a Step Closer to Qualification for 2026 World Cup  Deccan Chronicle

How Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030 is disrupting European football’s financial model - Times of IndiaHow Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030 is disrupting European football’s financial model  Times of India

Saudi Arabia down Indonesia; Qatar, Oman draw in AFC World Cup qualifiers - Al JazeeraSaudi Arabia down Indonesia; Qatar, Oman draw in AFC World Cup qualifiers  Al Jazeera

Why Saudi Arabia Is Pouring A Thousand Billion Dollars Into The Red Sea - NDTVWhy Saudi Arabia Is Pouring A Thousand Billion Dollars Into The Red Sea  NDTV

India Faces Down New Security Calculus - Foreign PolicyIndia Faces Down New Security Calculus  Foreign Policy

“There's great transformation happening in Saudi Arabia.” Interview with Lucid Motors’ Faisal Sultan - Benchmark Source“There's great transformation happening in Saudi Arabia.” Interview with Lucid Motors’ Faisal Sultan  Benchmark Source

Employment contract: Saudi Arabia announces new standardized agreement to protect workers’ rights – how i - Times of IndiaEmployment contract: Saudi Arabia announces new standardized agreement to protect workers’ rights – how i  Times of India

CBI successfully brings back fugitive Manakandathil Thekkethi from Saudi Arabia - NewsonairCBI successfully brings back fugitive Manakandathil Thekkethi from Saudi Arabia  Newsonair

The tourism impact: Diversifying Saudi Arabia’s economy and creating jobs through culture - World Bank BlogsThe tourism impact: Diversifying Saudi Arabia’s economy and creating jobs through culture  World Bank Blogs

China, Saudi Arabia to hold joint naval training - chinadailyasia.comChina, Saudi Arabia to hold joint naval training  chinadailyasia.com

Indonesia vs Saudi Arabia: AFC World Cup qualifier – teams, start, lineups - Al JazeeraIndonesia vs Saudi Arabia: AFC World Cup qualifier – teams, start, lineups  Al Jazeera

Aziz Ansari defends decision to attend Saudi Arabia comedy festival - NBC NewsAziz Ansari defends decision to attend Saudi Arabia comedy festival  NBC News

U.S., Saudi Arabia Advance Chips Agreement - The Wall Street JournalU.S., Saudi Arabia Advance Chips Agreement  The Wall Street Journal

Mark Your Calendars In 2026 For The Diriyah Contemporary Art Biennale In Saudi Arabia - Travel and Leisure AsiaMark Your Calendars In 2026 For The Diriyah Contemporary Art Biennale In Saudi Arabia  Travel and Leisure Asia

Saudi-pakistan strategic defence agreement: a dangerous gamble with regional consequences - 9DashLineSaudi-pakistan strategic defence agreement: a dangerous gamble with regional consequences  9DashLine

Saudi Arabia’s Riyadh Air to Begin First International Service to London on October 26 - aviationtoday.inSaudi Arabia’s Riyadh Air to Begin First International Service to London on October 26  aviationtoday.in

Saudi Arabia: Comedians Silent on Detained Activists - Human Rights WatchSaudi Arabia: Comedians Silent on Detained Activists  Human Rights Watch

Saudi Arabia opens Umrah to all Visa holders in major pilgrimage reform - Times of IndiaSaudi Arabia opens Umrah to all Visa holders in major pilgrimage reform  Times of India

Indonesia vs Saudi Arabia 2-3: AFC World Cup qualifier – as it happened - Al JazeeraIndonesia vs Saudi Arabia 2-3: AFC World Cup qualifier – as it happened  Al Jazeera

Saudi Arabia's Big Announcement On Gaza; Emergency Coalition To Help Palestinians Launched - Times of IndiaSaudi Arabia's Big Announcement On Gaza; Emergency Coalition To Help Palestinians Launched  Times of India

Saudi Arabia to allow all visa holders to perform Umrah; move aligns with Vision 2030 - Times of IndiaSaudi Arabia to allow all visa holders to perform Umrah; move aligns with Vision 2030  Times of India

LG Electronics begins air handling unit production in Saudi Arabia - Tribune IndiaLG Electronics begins air handling unit production in Saudi Arabia  Tribune India

Comedians criticized for silence on Saudi Arabia human rights record after comedy festival - Jurist.orgComedians criticized for silence on Saudi Arabia human rights record after comedy festival  Jurist.org

Jeel partners with Synpulse to transform wealth management in Saudi Arabia - intlbmJeel partners with Synpulse to transform wealth management in Saudi Arabia  intlbm

Gold price in Saudi Arabia: Rates on October 10 - FXStreetGold price in Saudi Arabia: Rates on October 10  FXStreet

Money talks: the deep ties between Twitter and Saudi Arabia - The GuardianMoney talks: the deep ties between Twitter and Saudi Arabia  The Guardian

Saudi Arabia Smart Meters Market Size, Share & Forecast, 2025 - UnivDatosSaudi Arabia Smart Meters Market Size, Share & Forecast, 2025  UnivDatos

Saudi Arabia to host 26th UN Tourism General Assembly in November, marking UN Tourism’s 50th anniversary - ET TravelWorldSaudi Arabia to host 26th UN Tourism General Assembly in November, marking UN Tourism’s 50th anniversary  ET TravelWorld

CBI brings back wanted fugitive from Saudi Arabia - Tribune IndiaCBI brings back wanted fugitive from Saudi Arabia  Tribune India

Saudi Arabia bans tobacco shops near mosques and schools - Gulf NewsSaudi Arabia bans tobacco shops near mosques and schools  Gulf News

Jimmy Kimmel grills Aziz Ansari about appearing at Saudi Arabian comedy fest - NBC NewsJimmy Kimmel grills Aziz Ansari about appearing at Saudi Arabian comedy fest  NBC News

Saudi Arabia Precision Irrigation Market Forecast and Company Analysis 2025-2033 Featuring Jain Irrigation Systems, Lindsay, The Toro Co, and Valmont - ResearchAndMarkets.com - Business WireSaudi Arabia Precision Irrigation Market Forecast and Company Analysis 2025-2033 Featuring Jain Irrigation Systems, Lindsay, The Toro Co, and Valmont - ResearchAndMarkets.com  Business Wire

Asian Qualifiers - Playoffs - Group B: Indonesia 2-3 Saudi Arabia - AFC websiteAsian Qualifiers - Playoffs - Group B: Indonesia 2-3 Saudi Arabia  AFC website

'Hope It Leads To End Of War': Saudi Arabia, Jordan Welcome Gaza Truce Deal - NDTV'Hope It Leads To End Of War': Saudi Arabia, Jordan Welcome Gaza Truce Deal  NDTV

Saudi Arabia Win See-Saw FIFA World Cup Qualifier With Indonesia - NDTV SportsSaudi Arabia Win See-Saw FIFA World Cup Qualifier With Indonesia  NDTV Sports

We know what the comedians got out of the Riyadh comedy festival. What about the Saudi regime? | Jonathan Liew - The GuardianWe know what the comedians got out of the Riyadh comedy festival. What about the Saudi regime? | Jonathan Liew  The Guardian

‘The glory days are over’: consultants in Saudi Arabia curb expansion plans - Financial Times‘The glory days are over’: consultants in Saudi Arabia curb expansion plans  Financial Times

Trevor Noah Calls Out Hypocrisy Over Riyadh Comedy Festival Controversy - TheWrapTrevor Noah Calls Out Hypocrisy Over Riyadh Comedy Festival Controversy  TheWrap

UK to Saudi Arabia: World leaders from hail Israel-Hamas ceasefire deal | World News - Hindustan TimesUK to Saudi Arabia: World leaders from hail Israel-Hamas ceasefire deal | World News  Hindustan Times

Why Arguments About Free Speech Don’t Apply to the Riyadh Comedy Festival - The New York TimesWhy Arguments About Free Speech Don’t Apply to the Riyadh Comedy Festival  The New York Times

Why Pakistan-Saudi Arabia defence pact is unsettling India - BBCWhy Pakistan-Saudi Arabia defence pact is unsettling India  BBC

US, Saudi Arabia move closer to semiconductor chip deal amid deepening ties: Report - Al Arabiya EnglishUS, Saudi Arabia move closer to semiconductor chip deal amid deepening ties: Report  Al Arabiya English

IMS25 Returns To Riyadh To Power Saudi Arabia’s Tourism And Sustainability Agenda - Everything ExperientialIMS25 Returns To Riyadh To Power Saudi Arabia’s Tourism And Sustainability Agenda  Everything Experiential

University of New Haven Becomes First Institution to Receive Approval to Open an International Branch Campus in Saudi Arabia - University of New HavenUniversity of New Haven Becomes First Institution to Receive Approval to Open an International Branch Campus in Saudi Arabia  University of New Haven

Gallery of From Saudi Arabia to Uzbekistan: AlMusalla Pavilion Reinstalled for the Inaugural Bukhara Biennial 2025 - 5 - ArchDailyGallery of From Saudi Arabia to Uzbekistan: AlMusalla Pavilion Reinstalled for the Inaugural Bukhara Biennial 2025 - 5  ArchDaily

India asks Saudi Arabia to consider mutual interests and sensitivities in bilateral strategic ties after Riyadh signs defence pact with Islamabad - NewsonairIndia asks Saudi Arabia to consider mutual interests and sensitivities in bilateral strategic ties after Riyadh signs defence pact with Islamabad  Newsonair

I have been criticised for being part of the Riyadh comedy festival. This is why I did it | Omid Djalili - The GuardianI have been criticised for being part of the Riyadh comedy festival. This is why I did it | Omid Djalili  The Guardian

Saudi Arabia to sustain 4.5%–5.5% non-oil growth over next decade: Moody’s - Arab NewsSaudi Arabia to sustain 4.5%–5.5% non-oil growth over next decade: Moody’s  Arab News

Noor Riyadh 2025: Saudi Arabia’s Dazzling Light Art Festival Makes Global Debut in New York - Travel And Tour WorldNoor Riyadh 2025: Saudi Arabia’s Dazzling Light Art Festival Makes Global Debut in New York  Travel And Tour World

The Human Cost of Saudi Arabias Green Energy Transformation - TheWire.inThe Human Cost of Saudi Arabias Green Energy Transformation  TheWire.in

South Asia analyst calls Saudi-Pakistan defence pact 'game-changing' | Latest News India - Hindustan TimesSouth Asia analyst calls Saudi-Pakistan defence pact 'game-changing' | Latest News India  Hindustan Times

Saudi Arabia highlights translation's role under 2030 Vision - The Korea HeraldSaudi Arabia highlights translation's role under 2030 Vision  The Korea Herald

Marriott, Hilton, Accor, and Four Seasons Expand in Saudi Arabia and UAE, While Qatar Airways and Emirates Boost Connectivity to Drive Tourism Growth in 2025 - Travel And Tour WorldMarriott, Hilton, Accor, and Four Seasons Expand in Saudi Arabia and UAE, While Qatar Airways and Emirates Boost Connectivity to Drive Tourism Growth in 2025  Travel And Tour World

Saudi Arabia’s first island golf course debuts as Red Sea Global launches Shura Links - Architect and Interiors IndiaSaudi Arabia’s first island golf course debuts as Red Sea Global launches Shura Links  Architect and Interiors India

‘We want justice’: workers at Amazon warehouses in Saudi Arabia still waiting on financial redress - The Guardian‘We want justice’: workers at Amazon warehouses in Saudi Arabia still waiting on financial redress  The Guardian

From Saudi Arabia to Uzbekistan: AlMusalla Pavilion Reinstalled for the Inaugural Bukhara Biennial 2025 - ArchDailyFrom Saudi Arabia to Uzbekistan: AlMusalla Pavilion Reinstalled for the Inaugural Bukhara Biennial 2025  ArchDaily

PM Modi Expresses Condolences On Death Of Saudi Arabia's Grand Mufti - NDTVPM Modi Expresses Condolences On Death Of Saudi Arabia's Grand Mufti  NDTV

Saudi Arabia sets municipal fines of up to SR2 million under new stricter penalty rules - Gulf NewsSaudi Arabia sets municipal fines of up to SR2 million under new stricter penalty rules  Gulf News

After Pakistan-Saudi Arabia Pact, India is Left Confronting the Costs of Strategic Ambiguity - TheWire.inAfter Pakistan-Saudi Arabia Pact, India is Left Confronting the Costs of Strategic Ambiguity  TheWire.in

Saudi Arabia shares higher at close of trade; Tadawul All Share up 0.21% - Investing.com IndiaSaudi Arabia shares higher at close of trade; Tadawul All Share up 0.21%  Investing.com India

CBI Brings Back Wanted Fugitive Manakandathil Thekkethi From Saudi Arabia - News18CBI Brings Back Wanted Fugitive Manakandathil Thekkethi From Saudi Arabia  News18

Shifting sands: On the defence agreement between Saudi Arabia, Pakistan - The HinduShifting sands: On the defence agreement between Saudi Arabia, Pakistan  The Hindu

Saudi Arabia Accelerates Its Industrial Transformation Through the Fourth Industrial Revolution - Vulcan PostSaudi Arabia Accelerates Its Industrial Transformation Through the Fourth Industrial Revolution  Vulcan Post

Saudi Arabia welcomes Gaza ceasefire deal, 'Paves way for just peace' - Mid-daySaudi Arabia welcomes Gaza ceasefire deal, 'Paves way for just peace'  Mid-day

CBI coordinates return of wanted fugitive Manakandathil Thekkethi from Saudi Arabia - Jammu Links NewsCBI coordinates return of wanted fugitive Manakandathil Thekkethi from Saudi Arabia  Jammu Links News

Saudi-American citizen Omar Yaghi among winners of Nobel Prize in Chemistry - Al Arabiya EnglishSaudi-American citizen Omar Yaghi among winners of Nobel Prize in Chemistry  Al Arabiya English

Indonesia Vs Saudi Arabia Live Streaming, AFC FIFA World Cup 2026 Qualifiers: When, Where To Watch INA Vs KSA Match - Outlook IndiaIndonesia Vs Saudi Arabia Live Streaming, AFC FIFA World Cup 2026 Qualifiers: When, Where To Watch INA Vs KSA Match  Outlook India

Saudi Arabia’s female authors in the spotlight at Riyadh International Book Fair - Arab NewsSaudi Arabia’s female authors in the spotlight at Riyadh International Book Fair  Arab News

Saudi Arabia to stage first PDC darts tournament - with no alcohol allowed - BBCSaudi Arabia to stage first PDC darts tournament - with no alcohol allowed  BBC

'Tough moments' after Saudi move - Henderson - BBC'Tough moments' after Saudi move - Henderson  BBC

India expects Saudi Arabia to keep in mind mutual interests, sensitivities: MEA on Saudi-Pakistan pact - The HinduIndia expects Saudi Arabia to keep in mind mutual interests, sensitivities: MEA on Saudi-Pakistan pact  The Hindu

Pakistan Minister On Whether Saudi Arabia Will Get Involved If There Is War With India - NDTVPakistan Minister On Whether Saudi Arabia Will Get Involved If There Is War With India  NDTV

Saudi Arabia Gets the Last Laugh - The AtlanticSaudi Arabia Gets the Last Laugh  The Atlantic

Saudi Arabia Accelerates Its Industrial Transformation Through the Fourth Industrial Revolution | Corporate - EQS NewsSaudi Arabia Accelerates Its Industrial Transformation Through the Fourth Industrial Revolution | Corporate  EQS News

Jimmy Kimmel Challenges Aziz Ansari Over Appearance at Saudi Arabia Comedy Festival - Consequence of SoundJimmy Kimmel Challenges Aziz Ansari Over Appearance at Saudi Arabia Comedy Festival  Consequence of Sound

How Saudi Arabia became a video-game superpower - The EconomistHow Saudi Arabia became a video-game superpower  The Economist

Air India Express Announces Massive Travel Perk For Passengers From UAE, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Oman, Bahrain, And Qatar With 10kg Extra Baggage For Only Dh1 - Travel And Tour WorldAir India Express Announces Massive Travel Perk For Passengers From UAE, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Oman, Bahrain, And Qatar With 10kg Extra Baggage For Only Dh1  Travel And Tour World

Show is over: Saudi Arabia shuts down music lounges in Riyadh, Jeddah after conservative backlash; cites - Times of IndiaShow is over: Saudi Arabia shuts down music lounges in Riyadh, Jeddah after conservative backlash; cites  Times of India

Ronaldo Becomes First Football Billionaire With Big Saudi Contract - Bloomberg.comRonaldo Becomes First Football Billionaire With Big Saudi Contract  Bloomberg.com

Saudi Arabia enforces strict ban on unlicensed passenger under new transport law - Times of IndiaSaudi Arabia enforces strict ban on unlicensed passenger under new transport law  Times of India

Iran welcomes Saudi Arabia-Pakistan mutual defence agreement - Deccan HeraldIran welcomes Saudi Arabia-Pakistan mutual defence agreement  Deccan Herald

The game behind the game: Saudi Arabia’s bold bet on the future of sports and fandom - MobidictumThe game behind the game: Saudi Arabia’s bold bet on the future of sports and fandom  Mobidictum

Saudi Arabia Reforms Umrah Policy, Opens Pilgrimage To All Visa Holders - Travel and Leisure AsiaSaudi Arabia Reforms Umrah Policy, Opens Pilgrimage To All Visa Holders  Travel and Leisure Asia

With Electronic Arts, Saudi Arabia scores a record buy-out - The EconomistWith Electronic Arts, Saudi Arabia scores a record buy-out  The Economist

CBI arrests Bijnor man for murder in Saudi Arabia in 1999 - The HinduCBI arrests Bijnor man for murder in Saudi Arabia in 1999  The Hindu

Saudi Arabia imposes strict restrictions on retail sale of tobacco products - Arabian BusinessSaudi Arabia imposes strict restrictions on retail sale of tobacco products  Arabian Business

Saudi Arabia Now All Set to Host Historic UN Tourism General Assembly to Redefine the Future of Global Tourism, Here’s All You Need to Know - Travel And Tour WorldSaudi Arabia Now All Set to Host Historic UN Tourism General Assembly to Redefine the Future of Global Tourism, Here’s All You Need to Know  Travel And Tour World

Opinion: Opinion | Pakistan's Jihad Factories May Soon Be Getting A 'Saudi' Lifeline - NDTVOpinion: Opinion | Pakistan's Jihad Factories May Soon Be Getting A 'Saudi' Lifeline  NDTV

Saudi Arabia publishes draft of new arbitration law for public consultation - Herbert Smith Freehills KramerSaudi Arabia publishes draft of new arbitration law for public consultation  Herbert Smith Freehills Kramer

CBI brings back fugitive Sheela Kalyani from Saudi Arabia to India with the help of Interpol - dynamitenews.comCBI brings back fugitive Sheela Kalyani from Saudi Arabia to India with the help of Interpol  dynamitenews.com

Saudi Arabia: Riyadh Comedy Festival Whitewashes Abuses - Human Rights WatchSaudi Arabia: Riyadh Comedy Festival Whitewashes Abuses  Human Rights Watch

Pakistan-Saudi Arabia defence pact leads India to study national security implications: MEA - The HinduPakistan-Saudi Arabia defence pact leads India to study national security implications: MEA  The Hindu

Saudi Arabia Health Insurance Market Forecast Trends and - GlobeNewswireSaudi Arabia Health Insurance Market Forecast Trends and  GlobeNewswire

Saudi National Day: Cristiano Ronaldo praises Saudi Arabia as he celebrates kingdom’s 95th National Day - Times of IndiaSaudi National Day: Cristiano Ronaldo praises Saudi Arabia as he celebrates kingdom’s 95th National Day  Times of India

Cristiano Ronaldo Has Already Dropped Man Utd Takeover Hint Amid Saudi Rumours - SPORTbibleCristiano Ronaldo Has Already Dropped Man Utd Takeover Hint Amid Saudi Rumours  SPORTbible

Middle East in Travel Dilemma as Iran, Saudi Arabia, UAE Faces 28 Cancellations with 409 Delays by Saudia, Iran National Airlines, Akasa Air and other Airlines, Stranding Passengers in Mehrabad, King Khalid, Dubai International Airport and more, New Upd - Travel And Tour WorldMiddle East in Travel Dilemma as Iran, Saudi Arabia, UAE Faces 28 Cancellations with 409 Delays by Saudia, Iran National Airlines, Akasa Air and other Airlines, Stranding Passengers in Mehrabad, King Khalid, Dubai International Airport and more, New Upd  Travel And Tour World

India says it expects Saudi Arabia to mind 'sensitivities' after pact with Pakistan - ReutersIndia says it expects Saudi Arabia to mind 'sensitivities' after pact with Pakistan  Reuters