Somalia

Country Somalia
Capital Mogadishu
Continent Africa
Currency Somali Shilling(SOS)
Languages Somali & Arabic

Mogadishu

Information

Introduction

Britain withdrew from British Somaliland in 1960 to allow its protectorate to join with Italian Somaliland and form the new nation of Somalia. In 1969, a coup headed by Mohamed SIAD Barre ushered in an authoritarian socialist rule that managed to impose a degree of stability in the country for more than two decades. After the regime's collapse early in 1991, Somalia descended into turmoil, factional fighting, and anarchy. In May 1991, northern clans declared an independent Republic of Somaliland that now includes the administrative regions of Awdal, Woqooyi Galbeed, Togdheer, Sanaag, and Sool. Although not recognized by any government, this entity has maintained a stable existence and continues efforts to establish a constitutional democracy, including holding municipal, parliamentary, and presidential elections. The regions of Bari, Nugaal, and northern Mudug comprise a neighboring semi-autonomous state of Puntland, which has been self-governing since 1998 but does not aim at independence; it has also made strides toward reconstructing a legitimate, representative government but has suffered some civil strife. Puntland disputes its border with Somaliland as it also claims portions of eastern Sool and Sanaag. Beginning in 1993, a two-year UN humanitarian effort (primarily in the south) was able to alleviate famine conditions, but when the UN withdrew in 1995, having suffered significant casualties, order still had not been restored. A two-year peace process, led by the Government of Kenya under the auspices of the Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD), concluded in October 2004 with the election of Abdullahi YUSUF Ahmed as President of the Transitional Federal Government (TFG) of Somalia and the formation of an interim government, known as the Somalia Transitional Federal Institutions (TFIs). The TFIs included a 275-member parliamentary body, known as the Transitional Federal Assembly (TFA). President YUSUF resigned late in 2008 while United Nations-sponsored talks between the TFG and the opposition Alliance for the Re-Liberation of Somalia (ARS) were underway in Djibouti. In January 2009, following the creation of a TFG-ARS unity government, Ethiopian military forces, which had entered Somalia in December 2006 to support the TFG in the face of advances by the opposition Islamic Courts Union (ICU), withdrew from the country. The TFA was increased to 550 seats with the addition of 200 ARS and 75 civil society members of parliament. The expanded parliament elected Sheikh SHARIF Sheikh Ahmed, the former CIC and ARS chairman as president on 31 January 2009, in Djibouti. Subsequently, President SHARIF appointed Omar Abdirashid ali SHARMARKE, son of a former president of Somalia, as prime minister on 13 February 2009. The TFIs are based on the Transitional Federal Charter (TFC), which outlines a five-year mandate leading to the establishment of a new Somali constitution and a transition to a representative government following national elections. However, in January 2009 the TFA amended the TFC to extend TFG's mandate until 2011. While its institutions remain weak, the TFG continues to reach out to Somali stakeholders and to work with international donors to help build the governance capacity of the TFIs and to work toward national elections in 2011.

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References

Somalia - Wikipedia
Somalia - CIA World Fact Book
Somalia - BBC
Somalia - Timeline - BBC

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News Headlines

Google News
Security forces in Somalia confront Islamic State militants - africanews.comSecurity forces in Somalia confront Islamic State militants  africanews.com

Somali, Sudanese officials hail Türkiye’s growing ties with Africa | Daily Sabah - Daily SabahSomali, Sudanese officials hail Türkiye’s growing ties with Africa | Daily Sabah  Daily Sabah

A two-way street: Reversing the brain drain in Somalia - UN NewsA two-way street: Reversing the brain drain in Somalia  UN News

Diphtheria cases spiralling in Somalia, health officials warn - The GuardianDiphtheria cases spiralling in Somalia, health officials warn  The Guardian

Somalia’s state-building project is in tatters - The EconomistSomalia’s state-building project is in tatters  The Economist

Somalia faces diphtheria surge amid vaccine shortages and aid cuts - ReutersSomalia faces diphtheria surge amid vaccine shortages and aid cuts  Reuters

BCG consultants modelled relocating Gazans to Somalia - Financial TimesBCG consultants modelled relocating Gazans to Somalia  Financial Times

Somalia’s camel milk revolution is improving nutrition and creating jobs - AP NewsSomalia’s camel milk revolution is improving nutrition and creating jobs  AP News

‘Camel Milk Revolution’ Is Improving Nutrition in Somalia and Creating Jobs - Good News Network‘Camel Milk Revolution’ Is Improving Nutrition in Somalia and Creating Jobs  Good News Network

Boston Consulting Group modelled plan to 'relocate Palestinians' from Gaza to Somalia - Middle East EyeBoston Consulting Group modelled plan to 'relocate Palestinians' from Gaza to Somalia  Middle East Eye

To Halt the Jihadist Advance in Somalia, Work with Turkey and the UAE - The Washington InstituteTo Halt the Jihadist Advance in Somalia, Work with Turkey and the UAE  The Washington Institute

When It Comes to Somalia, It’s Always Complicated - Council on Foreign RelationsWhen It Comes to Somalia, It’s Always Complicated  Council on Foreign Relations

Mining Policy Framework Assessment: Somalia - International Institute for Sustainable DevelopmentMining Policy Framework Assessment: Somalia  International Institute for Sustainable Development

Hunting for ISIS: Inside the caves at heart of expanding terror network - Sky NewsHunting for ISIS: Inside the caves at heart of expanding terror network  Sky News

India Sends Humanitarian Aid to Somalia with 10 Tonnes of Medical Supplies: MEA - NewsonairIndia Sends Humanitarian Aid to Somalia with 10 Tonnes of Medical Supplies: MEA  Newsonair

Somalia’s women use poetry to bring peace - The EastAfricanSomalia’s women use poetry to bring peace  The EastAfrican

2024 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices: Somalia - U.S. Department of State (.gov)2024 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices: Somalia  U.S. Department of State (.gov)

How Erdogan's historic visit ushered in a new era of Türkiye-Somalia brotherly ties - TRT GlobalHow Erdogan's historic visit ushered in a new era of Türkiye-Somalia brotherly ties  TRT Global

Secretary-General of ASEAN meets with the Minister of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation of the Federal Republic of Somalia - ASEAN Main PortalSecretary-General of ASEAN meets with the Minister of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation of the Federal Republic of Somalia  ASEAN Main Portal

Somalia: Monthly Humanitarian Update, July 2025 - ReliefWebSomalia: Monthly Humanitarian Update, July 2025  ReliefWeb

Somaliland Office in Taiwan rejects Chinese embassys remarks in Somalia, reaffirms sovereignty and partnership with Taiwan - Tribune IndiaSomaliland Office in Taiwan rejects Chinese embassys remarks in Somalia, reaffirms sovereignty and partnership with Taiwan  Tribune India

Weak state and clan politics leave Somalia’s urban displaced in limbo - The New HumanitarianWeak state and clan politics leave Somalia’s urban displaced in limbo  The New Humanitarian

Counter-Terrorism Committee conducts assessment visit to Somalia - Welcome to the United NationsCounter-Terrorism Committee conducts assessment visit to Somalia  Welcome to the United Nations

17 killed in flash floods in Somalia - Newsonair17 killed in flash floods in Somalia  Newsonair

World News in Brief: Gaza aid crisis latest, deadly floods in India and Pakistan, funding cuts exacerbate Somalia drought - Department of Political and Peacebuilding AffairsWorld News in Brief: Gaza aid crisis latest, deadly floods in India and Pakistan, funding cuts exacerbate Somalia drought  Department of Political and Peacebuilding Affairs

World News in Brief: Violence in Somalia, cholera in Haiti, tax support for sustainable development - UN NewsWorld News in Brief: Violence in Somalia, cholera in Haiti, tax support for sustainable development  UN News

U.S. carries out strike against IS in Somalia - The HinduU.S. carries out strike against IS in Somalia  The Hindu

Somalia Carves Out New State From Territories Seeking Autonomy - BloombergSomalia Carves Out New State From Territories Seeking Autonomy  Bloomberg

Evaluating Somalia’s humanitarian crisis (2021–2024): lessons for future action - World Health Organization (WHO)Evaluating Somalia’s humanitarian crisis (2021–2024): lessons for future action  World Health Organization (WHO)

Disease spreads in Somalia as funding cuts leave 300,000 without safe water - nrc.noDisease spreads in Somalia as funding cuts leave 300,000 without safe water  nrc.no

Universal health coverage in fragile and conflict-affected States: insights from Somalia - International Journal for Equity in HealthUniversal health coverage in fragile and conflict-affected States: insights from Somalia  International Journal for Equity in Health

WFP Somalia Country Brief, July 2025 - ReliefWebWFP Somalia Country Brief, July 2025  ReliefWeb

Somalia: Third Review Under the Extended Credit Facility and Request for a Modification of Quantitative Performance Criterion-Press Release; Staff Report; and Statement by the Executive Director for Somalia - International Monetary FundSomalia: Third Review Under the Extended Credit Facility and Request for a Modification of Quantitative Performance Criterion-Press Release; Staff Report; and Statement by the Executive Director for Somalia  International Monetary Fund

Meeting between Foreign Minister IWAYA and H.E. Mr. Mohamud Abdirahman Sheikh Farah, Minister of Planning, Investment and Economic Development of the Federal Republic of Somalia - mofa.go.jpMeeting between Foreign Minister IWAYA and H.E. Mr. Mohamud Abdirahman Sheikh Farah, Minister of Planning, Investment and Economic Development of the Federal Republic of Somalia  mofa.go.jp

Somalia’s illicit gulper shark oil trade threatens the entire species - ISS AfricaSomalia’s illicit gulper shark oil trade threatens the entire species  ISS Africa

Power to the people; funding community-led development in Somalia - UN NewsPower to the people; funding community-led development in Somalia  UN News

One optometrist’s mission to transform eye care in Somalia - World Health Organization (WHO)One optometrist’s mission to transform eye care in Somalia  World Health Organization (WHO)

Serving the Hidden Church in Somalia - International Christian ConcernServing the Hidden Church in Somalia  International Christian Concern

Somalia attempting to speed up fishery infrastructure improvements after China eliminates tariffs on African goods - SeafoodSourceSomalia attempting to speed up fishery infrastructure improvements after China eliminates tariffs on African goods  SeafoodSource

Somalia: Somali Defence Minister Issues Strong Warning to Opposition Politicians - allAfrica.comSomalia: Somali Defence Minister Issues Strong Warning to Opposition Politicians  allAfrica.com

Dhows, Drones, and Dollars: Ansar Allah’s Expansion into Somalia - Carnegie Endowment for International PeaceDhows, Drones, and Dollars: Ansar Allah’s Expansion into Somalia  Carnegie Endowment for International Peace

On the hunt for ISIS in Somalia: Africa's hidden terror network - Sky NewsOn the hunt for ISIS in Somalia: Africa's hidden terror network  Sky News

NRC Somalia Country Office Programme Update No. 13 (31st May 2025) - ReliefWebNRC Somalia Country Office Programme Update No. 13 (31st May 2025)  ReliefWeb

Youth at the Heart of Peace: In Somalia, Over 700 Young People Step up to Lead - Welcome to the United NationsYouth at the Heart of Peace: In Somalia, Over 700 Young People Step up to Lead  Welcome to the United Nations

‘I Can Send You to China, I Can Send You to Somalia, I Can Send You Wherever I Want’ - Zeteo‘I Can Send You to China, I Can Send You to Somalia, I Can Send You Wherever I Want’  Zeteo

A security-development mission: How Europe can support the Ethiopia-Somalia trade corridor - European Council on Foreign Relations (ECFR)A security-development mission: How Europe can support the Ethiopia-Somalia trade corridor  European Council on Foreign Relations (ECFR)

Five Facts About Poverty in Somalia - World Bank BlogsFive Facts About Poverty in Somalia  World Bank Blogs

NRC Somalia Country Office Programme Update No. 14 (30th June 2025) - ReliefWebNRC Somalia Country Office Programme Update No. 14 (30th June 2025)  ReliefWeb

Somalia-Jubaland power struggle benefits Al-Shabab militants - Arab NewsSomalia-Jubaland power struggle benefits Al-Shabab militants  Arab News

React, rinse, repeat: How Europe can help break Somalia’s cycle of conflict | ECFR - European Council on Foreign Relations (ECFR)React, rinse, repeat: How Europe can help break Somalia’s cycle of conflict | ECFR  European Council on Foreign Relations (ECFR)

From Germany, 'war influencers' incite violence in Somalia - DWFrom Germany, 'war influencers' incite violence in Somalia  DW

2025 News items - Somalia successfully kick-starts its WTO accession process - World Trade Organization2025 News items - Somalia successfully kick-starts its WTO accession process  World Trade Organization

Hunting ISIS in Somalia: Africa's hidden network of terror - Sky NewsHunting ISIS in Somalia: Africa's hidden network of terror  Sky News

Empowering Somalia's economy beyond remittances for long-term stability - World Bank BlogsEmpowering Somalia's economy beyond remittances for long-term stability  World Bank Blogs

Climate change and migration dynamics in Somalia: a time series analysis of environmental displacement - FrontiersClimate change and migration dynamics in Somalia: a time series analysis of environmental displacement  Frontiers

Turkish President Erdogan's 2011 visit: Watershed moment that reshaped Somalia's trajectory - Anadolu AjansiTurkish President Erdogan's 2011 visit: Watershed moment that reshaped Somalia's trajectory  Anadolu Ajansi

Disunity in Somalia is al-Shabaab’s greatest weapon - ISS AfricaDisunity in Somalia is al-Shabaab’s greatest weapon  ISS Africa

Somalia National Day - U.S. Department of State (.gov)Somalia National Day  U.S. Department of State (.gov)

Radio Ergo Weekly Feedback Report, Issued: 21 Aug 2025 - ReliefWebRadio Ergo Weekly Feedback Report, Issued: 21 Aug 2025  ReliefWeb

Drought and dire hunger loom in Somalia, warns UN food agency WFP - UN NewsDrought and dire hunger loom in Somalia, warns UN food agency WFP  UN News

Somalia’s journey of hunger - World Food ProgrammeSomalia’s journey of hunger  World Food Programme

How the small autonomous region of Puntland found success in battling Islamic State in Somalia - The ConversationHow the small autonomous region of Puntland found success in battling Islamic State in Somalia  The Conversation

Ugbaad symbolizes hope: Somalia looks to boost climate resilient agriculture with new project - Food and Agriculture OrganizationUgbaad symbolizes hope: Somalia looks to boost climate resilient agriculture with new project  Food and Agriculture Organization

Under Trump, US strikes on Somalia have doubled since last year. Why? - Al JazeeraUnder Trump, US strikes on Somalia have doubled since last year. Why?  Al Jazeera

Unrepentant ISIS Fighter Awaits Execution in Somalia - tovima.comUnrepentant ISIS Fighter Awaits Execution in Somalia  tovima.com

Over 100 al-Shabaab terrorists killed in Somalia military operation - Anadolu AjansiOver 100 al-Shabaab terrorists killed in Somalia military operation  Anadolu Ajansi

Somalia's hungry and most vulnerable: Child malnutrition surges amid clinic closures - International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC)Somalia's hungry and most vulnerable: Child malnutrition surges amid clinic closures  International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC)

Somalia: Humanitarian Dashboard, January - July 2025 - ReliefWebSomalia: Humanitarian Dashboard, January - July 2025  ReliefWeb

Somalia Early Warning-Early Action: Trends in Risk Factors, Jan 2020 - July 2025 (Indicators in Alarm Phase) - ReliefWebSomalia Early Warning-Early Action: Trends in Risk Factors, Jan 2020 - July 2025 (Indicators in Alarm Phase)  ReliefWeb

From Somalia to Spain’s Balearic Islands: A journey along one of the most dangerous migration routes in the world - EL PAÍS EnglishFrom Somalia to Spain’s Balearic Islands: A journey along one of the most dangerous migration routes in the world  EL PAÍS English

Somalia: 3 former presidents unite to condemn land misuse and forced evictions - africanews.comSomalia: 3 former presidents unite to condemn land misuse and forced evictions  africanews.com

Somalia Early Warning-Early Action Dashboard Time Series Chart: Trends in the Number of Risk Factors in Alarm Phase (Jan 2015 - July 2025) - ReliefWebSomalia Early Warning-Early Action Dashboard Time Series Chart: Trends in the Number of Risk Factors in Alarm Phase (Jan 2015 - July 2025)  ReliefWeb

Somalia - Diphtheria Outbreak - 2025 DREF Operation (MDRSO024) - ReliefWebSomalia - Diphtheria Outbreak - 2025 DREF Operation (MDRSO024)  ReliefWeb

“There was no rain. We had to go.” - Surviving drought and displacement in Somalia - European Civil Protection and Humanitarian Aid Operations“There was no rain. We had to go.” - Surviving drought and displacement in Somalia  European Civil Protection and Humanitarian Aid Operations

US ground raid captures Islamic State leader in northern Somalia - The Long War JournalUS ground raid captures Islamic State leader in northern Somalia  The Long War Journal

Somalia says dozens of al shabab fighters killed in army operation - africanews.comSomalia says dozens of al shabab fighters killed in army operation  africanews.com

Somalia Faces Diphtheria Surge Amid Vaccine Shortages and Aid Cuts - U.S. News & World ReportSomalia Faces Diphtheria Surge Amid Vaccine Shortages and Aid Cuts  U.S. News & World Report

Today's top news: Occupied Palestinian Territory, Somalia, Haiti, Sudan, Pacific tsunami warnings - OCHAToday's top news: Occupied Palestinian Territory, Somalia, Haiti, Sudan, Pacific tsunami warnings  OCHA

Somalia’s Climate Crisis Demands Global Action, Says IOM Deputy Director General - International Organization for MigrationSomalia’s Climate Crisis Demands Global Action, Says IOM Deputy Director General  International Organization for Migration

Somalia ends voter registration for Mogadishu municipal council elections - Anadolu AjansiSomalia ends voter registration for Mogadishu municipal council elections  Anadolu Ajansi

UNHCR Somalia 2025 Biannual Protection Progress Protection Report (January – June 2025) - ReliefWebUNHCR Somalia 2025 Biannual Protection Progress Protection Report (January – June 2025)  ReliefWeb

Ethiopian envoy says Ankara Declaration works, hails Turkish mediation | Daily Sabah - Daily SabahEthiopian envoy says Ankara Declaration works, hails Turkish mediation | Daily Sabah  Daily Sabah

Somalia’s exports are threatened by climate change and conflict: what 30 years of data tell us - The ConversationSomalia’s exports are threatened by climate change and conflict: what 30 years of data tell us  The Conversation

Rising Above Displacement: A Young Girl’s Vision to Improve Learning in Somalia’s Marginalized Communities - World BankRising Above Displacement: A Young Girl’s Vision to Improve Learning in Somalia’s Marginalized Communities  World Bank

Heavy rains cause flooding in Somalia’s Mogadishu, killing seven - Al JazeeraHeavy rains cause flooding in Somalia’s Mogadishu, killing seven  Al Jazeera

European Union Training Mission in Somalia successfully completes first Special Forces training cycle - EEASEuropean Union Training Mission in Somalia successfully completes first Special Forces training cycle  EEAS

ISIS is resurgent - and here, it's happening fast - Sky NewsISIS is resurgent - and here, it's happening fast  Sky News

Somalia pursues UN Water Convention accession for stronger water governance and development opportunities - UNECESomalia pursues UN Water Convention accession for stronger water governance and development opportunities  UNECE

Somalia: Puntland Customs Post Seized By Unpaid Soldiers, Trade Paralysed for 10 Days - allAfrica.comSomalia: Puntland Customs Post Seized By Unpaid Soldiers, Trade Paralysed for 10 Days  allAfrica.com

Scores killed in Somalia in clash between security forces, Islamic State - VOA - Voice of America English NewsScores killed in Somalia in clash between security forces, Islamic State  VOA - Voice of America English News

FOCUS ON: How Somalia is advancing disaster preparedness through EW4All and beyond - UNDRRFOCUS ON: How Somalia is advancing disaster preparedness through EW4All and beyond  UNDRR

Green Climate Fund approves funding worth over $130 million for FAO-led projects in Somalia and Iraq - Food and Agriculture OrganizationGreen Climate Fund approves funding worth over $130 million for FAO-led projects in Somalia and Iraq  Food and Agriculture Organization

Ugandan military helicopter crashes at Somalia's Aden Adde airport in Mogadishu - BBCUgandan military helicopter crashes at Somalia's Aden Adde airport in Mogadishu  BBC

Government by social media in Somalia - The EconomistGovernment by social media in Somalia  The Economist

Somalia Qahira Hotel attack: Al-Shabab siege ends leaving seven dead - BBCSomalia Qahira Hotel attack: Al-Shabab siege ends leaving seven dead  BBC

Somalia joins Afreximbank as it seeks to boost Intra-African trade and economic growth - African Export-Import BankSomalia joins Afreximbank as it seeks to boost Intra-African trade and economic growth  African Export-Import Bank

Somalia bans Taiwanese travellers citing 'one China' policy, ministry says - BBCSomalia bans Taiwanese travellers citing 'one China' policy, ministry says  BBC

Somalia: 3 killed in African Union helicopter crash - DWSomalia: 3 killed in African Union helicopter crash  DW

Somalia’s thirst for survival: a deepening climate crisis - nrc.noSomalia’s thirst for survival: a deepening climate crisis  nrc.no

Women Break Gender Barriers in Somalia’s Construction Industry - World BankWomen Break Gender Barriers in Somalia’s Construction Industry  World Bank