Libya

Country Libya
Capital Tripoli
Continent Africa
Currency Libyan dinar(LYD)
Languages Arabic, Berber & Libyan Arabic

Information

Introduction

The Italians supplanted the Ottoman Turks in the area around Tripoli in 1911 and did not relinquish their hold until 1943 when defeated in World War II. Libya then passed to UN administration and achieved independence in 1951. Following a 1969 military coup, Col. Muammar Abu Minyar al-QADHAFI began to espouse his own political system, the Third Universal Theory. The system is a combination of socialism and Islam derived in part from tribal practices and is supposed to be implemented by the Libyan people themselves in a unique form of "direct democracy." QADHAFI has always seen himself as a revolutionary and visionary leader. He used oil funds during the 1970s and 1980s to promote his ideology outside Libya, supporting subversives and terrorists abroad to hasten the end of Marxism and capitalism. In addition, beginning in 1973, he engaged in military operations in northern Chad's Aozou Strip - to gain access to minerals and to use as a base of influence in Chadian politics - but was forced to retreat in 1987. UN sanctions in 1992 isolated QADHAFI politically following the downing of Pan AM Flight 103 over Lockerbie, Scotland. During the 1990s, QADHAFI began to rebuild his relationships with Europe. UN sanctions were suspended in April 1999 and finally lifted in September 2003 after Libya accepted responsibility for the Lockerbie bombing. In December 2003, Libya announced that it had agreed to reveal and end its programs to develop weapons of mass destruction and to renounce terrorism. QADHAFI has made significant strides in normalizing relations with Western nations since then. He has received various Western European leaders as well as many working-level and commercial delegations, and made his first trip to Western Europe in 15 years when he traveled to Brussels in April 2004. The US rescinded Libya's designation as a state sponsor of terrorism in June 2006. In January 2008, Libya assumed a nonpermanent seat on the UN Security Council for the 2008-09 term. In August 2008, the US and Libya signed a bilateral comprehensive claims settlement agreement to compensate claimants in both countries who allege injury or death at the hands of the other country, including the Lockerbie bombing, the LaBelle disco bombing, and the UTA 772 bombing. In October 2008, the US Government received $1.5 billion pursuant to the agreement to distribute to US national claimants, and as a result effectively normalized its bilateral relationship with Libya. The two countries then exchanged ambassadors for the first time since 1973 in January 2009. QADHAFI in February 2009 took over as chairman of the African Union for the 2009-10 term; in September 2009, a Libyan took over the year-long presidency of UN General Assembly.

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References

Libya - Wikipedia
Libya - CIA World Fact Book
Libya - BBC
Libya - Timeline - BBC

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Consultations between Libyan Tax Authority and its Austrian counterpart to avoid double taxation - Libya HeraldConsultations between Libyan Tax Authority and its Austrian counterpart to avoid double taxation  Libya Herald

Frozen Billions: Reforming Sanctions on the Libyan Investment Authority [EN/AR] - ReliefWebFrozen Billions: Reforming Sanctions on the Libyan Investment Authority [EN/AR]  ReliefWeb

Libya’s fragile transition plagued by deepening economic and political divides - UN NewsLibya’s fragile transition plagued by deepening economic and political divides  UN News

Libya is Too Risky for Big Oil - Crude Oil Prices Today | OilPrice.comLibya is Too Risky for Big Oil  Crude Oil Prices Today | OilPrice.com

Why tourists are flocking to one of the world’s riskiest countries - The Indian ExpressWhy tourists are flocking to one of the world’s riskiest countries  The Indian Express

Danger tourism on rise: This African war-torn country gets 100,000 international visitors every year even - The Economic TimesDanger tourism on rise: This African war-torn country gets 100,000 international visitors every year even  The Economic Times

U.S. reengages in Libya. Why Italy should welcome it - Decode39U.S. reengages in Libya. Why Italy should welcome it  Decode39

Libya: Currency diversion prompts scrutiny of banking practices - The North Africa PostLibya: Currency diversion prompts scrutiny of banking practices  The North Africa Post

Advanced Criminal Analysis Training Bolsters Investigative Capabilities - EEASAdvanced Criminal Analysis Training Bolsters Investigative Capabilities  EEAS

Karmus slams UN envoy over Libya constitution claims - Libyan ExpressKarmus slams UN envoy over Libya constitution claims  Libyan Express

This Country Sees Rise In 'Danger Tourism' Despite Safety Warnings - NDTVThis Country Sees Rise In 'Danger Tourism' Despite Safety Warnings  NDTV

Libya's Refugee Crisis: Sudan's War Spillover Fuels Human Rights Catastrophe - Jobaaj StoriesLibya's Refugee Crisis: Sudan's War Spillover Fuels Human Rights Catastrophe  Jobaaj Stories

Saudi Arabia Cracks Down on Hajj 2025 Travel with Severe Penalties and a Ban on 14 Countries, Including Iran, Mali, Ethiopia, Somalia, Congo, Libya, and Kenya - Travel And Tour WorldSaudi Arabia Cracks Down on Hajj 2025 Travel with Severe Penalties and a Ban on 14 Countries, Including Iran, Mali, Ethiopia, Somalia, Congo, Libya, and Kenya  Travel And Tour World

An FDI mirage in Libya - fDi IntelligenceAn FDI mirage in Libya  fDi Intelligence

Libya: Escalating Hate Speech, Xenophobia, and Violence… - World Organisation Against Torture | OMCTLibya: Escalating Hate Speech, Xenophobia, and Violence…  World Organisation Against Torture | OMCT

Libya imports 38,000 tonnes of corn and 19,000 tonnes of wheat from Ukraine in April - Libya HeraldLibya imports 38,000 tonnes of corn and 19,000 tonnes of wheat from Ukraine in April  Libya Herald

Libya places 7% ceiling on foreign exchange profits - Libyan ExpressLibya places 7% ceiling on foreign exchange profits  Libyan Express

Libya and Cuba to sign MoU on health cooperation - Libya HeraldLibya and Cuba to sign MoU on health cooperation  Libya Herald

CBL Governor Issa meets IMF Deputy Managing Director Okamura – IMF offers technical support in strengthening Libyan dinar - Libya HeraldCBL Governor Issa meets IMF Deputy Managing Director Okamura – IMF offers technical support in strengthening Libyan dinar  Libya Herald

U.S. Naval Ship USS Mount Whitney arrives in Tripoli – part of U.S. Libya Maritime Cooperation - Libya HeraldU.S. Naval Ship USS Mount Whitney arrives in Tripoli – part of U.S. Libya Maritime Cooperation  Libya Herald

The Northwestern Regions of Libya Affected by Severe Weather Event on 5 & 6 December 2024 - World Meteorological Organization WMOThe Northwestern Regions of Libya Affected by Severe Weather Event on 5 & 6 December 2024  World Meteorological Organization WMO

Can the Libya model work for Iran’s nuclear programme? - The New ArabCan the Libya model work for Iran’s nuclear programme?  The New Arab

Turkey Eyes Oil & Gas Exploration in Libya - Energy Capital & PowerTurkey Eyes Oil & Gas Exploration in Libya  Energy Capital & Power

Libya kicks out aid groups accused of 'African' population plot - BBCLibya kicks out aid groups accused of 'African' population plot  BBC

Libya qualifies for Arab Shooting Championship finals - The Libya ObserverLibya qualifies for Arab Shooting Championship finals  The Libya Observer

Suspected Libya-based trafficking ringleader held - New Age BDSuspected Libya-based trafficking ringleader held  New Age BD

GNU condemns Kashmir attack - The Libya ObserverGNU condemns Kashmir attack  The Libya Observer

16 Indian workers trapped in cement factory in Libya await Centre’s help - The Hindu16 Indian workers trapped in cement factory in Libya await Centre’s help  The Hindu

Turkey Eyes Oil & Gas Exploration In Bulgaria, Iraq And Libya - Crude Oil Prices Today | OilPrice.comTurkey Eyes Oil & Gas Exploration In Bulgaria, Iraq And Libya  Crude Oil Prices Today | OilPrice.com

Frozen Billions: Reforming Sanctions on the Libyan Investment Authority - Crisis GroupFrozen Billions: Reforming Sanctions on the Libyan Investment Authority  Crisis Group

Libya sees over 100,000 annual tourists despite security challenges - Libyan ExpressLibya sees over 100,000 annual tourists despite security challenges  Libyan Express

Video. I wish I didn't have to send people back to Libya, Frontex chief says - Euronews.comVideo. I wish I didn't have to send people back to Libya, Frontex chief says  Euronews.com

Libya bans international NGOs for 'hostile' support for migrants - The New ArabLibya bans international NGOs for 'hostile' support for migrants  The New Arab

Russia's role in trafficking, smuggling from Libya to EU - DWRussia's role in trafficking, smuggling from Libya to EU  DW

Aldabaiba inaugurates 51st Tripoli International Fair - 500 companies and 30 countries participating - Libya HeraldAldabaiba inaugurates 51st Tripoli International Fair - 500 companies and 30 countries participating  Libya Herald

Stranded for weeks, Indian embassy repatriates 18 nationals from Libya - Times of IndiaStranded for weeks, Indian embassy repatriates 18 nationals from Libya  Times of India

Libya’s central bank governor meets with J.P. Morgan - Libyan ExpressLibya’s central bank governor meets with J.P. Morgan  Libyan Express

Libya Emerges as an Arena for U.S.-Russia Competition - The Soufan CenterLibya Emerges as an Arena for U.S.-Russia Competition  The Soufan Center

'I was afraid of being exposed': The Israeli who traveled through one of the world’s most dangerous countries - Ynetnews'I was afraid of being exposed': The Israeli who traveled through one of the world’s most dangerous countries  Ynetnews

Closely following situation of Indian workers in Libya: Ministry of External Affairs - The HinduClosely following situation of Indian workers in Libya: Ministry of External Affairs  The Hindu

Aldabaiba proposes three methods of fuel subsidy reform - Libya HeraldAldabaiba proposes three methods of fuel subsidy reform  Libya Herald

Libya trapped in a cycle of political crisis - GIS ReportsLibya trapped in a cycle of political crisis  GIS Reports

Nearly 200 Nigerian Migrants Repatriated from Libya in EU-Backed Effort - The North Africa PostNearly 200 Nigerian Migrants Repatriated from Libya in EU-Backed Effort  The North Africa Post

Prime suspect behind abduction of 27 Bangladeshis in Libya arrested - Dhaka TribunePrime suspect behind abduction of 27 Bangladeshis in Libya arrested  Dhaka Tribune

Parts of Libya affected by extreme weather: LNMC - World Meteorological Organization WMOParts of Libya affected by extreme weather: LNMC  World Meteorological Organization WMO

How former French president Sarkozy allegedly received millions from Libya's Gaddafi - France 24How former French president Sarkozy allegedly received millions from Libya's Gaddafi  France 24

NRC in Libya - nrc.noNRC in Libya  nrc.no

Libyan Economic Forum to adopt national development and reform strategy - Libya HeraldLibyan Economic Forum to adopt national development and reform strategy  Libya Herald

Libya: Stop the Crackdown on NGOs Supporting Migrants, Refugees and Asylum Seekers - World Organisation Against Torture | OMCTLibya: Stop the Crackdown on NGOs Supporting Migrants, Refugees and Asylum Seekers  World Organisation Against Torture | OMCT

CBL Governor Issa starts meetings at World Bank-IMF 2025 Spring Annual Meetings in Washington DC - Libya HeraldCBL Governor Issa starts meetings at World Bank-IMF 2025 Spring Annual Meetings in Washington DC  Libya Herald

Oman and Libya enhance economic ties - ZAWYAOman and Libya enhance economic ties  ZAWYA

Libya to offer production sharing contracts under new oil bid round - ReutersLibya to offer production sharing contracts under new oil bid round  Reuters

New World Bank Photobook "Shades of Libya: Contrasts, Hope, and Resilience" Launched in Tripoli - World BankNew World Bank Photobook "Shades of Libya: Contrasts, Hope, and Resilience" Launched in Tripoli  World Bank

Saddam Haftar’s visit to Ankara marks shift in Turkey’s Libya policy - Defense NewsSaddam Haftar’s visit to Ankara marks shift in Turkey’s Libya policy  Defense News

Statement of ICC Prosecutor Karim A.A. Khan KC to the United Nations Security Council on the Situation in Libya, pursuant to Resolution 1970 (2011) - | International Criminal CourtStatement of ICC Prosecutor Karim A.A. Khan KC to the United Nations Security Council on the Situation in Libya, pursuant to Resolution 1970 (2011)  | International Criminal Court

Libya: RSF calls for the immediate release of journalist Salhine Zerouali, on trial in Military Court - Reporters sans frontièresLibya: RSF calls for the immediate release of journalist Salhine Zerouali, on trial in Military Court  Reporters sans frontières

'Make the voices of migrants in Libyan prisons heard', asks minor rescued in Mediterranean - InfoMigrants'Make the voices of migrants in Libyan prisons heard', asks minor rescued in Mediterranean  InfoMigrants

UNHCR scales up emergency aid in Alkufra, Libya, in response to Sudanese refugee influx - UNHCR - The UN Refugee AgencyUNHCR scales up emergency aid in Alkufra, Libya, in response to Sudanese refugee influx  UNHCR - The UN Refugee Agency

Tunisia reports marked growth in exports to Libya - Libyan ExpressTunisia reports marked growth in exports to Libya  Libyan Express

Libya dismantled its own nuclear program - a viable model for Iran? Understanding PM Netanyahu's preferred scenario - All Israel NewsLibya dismantled its own nuclear program - a viable model for Iran? Understanding PM Netanyahu's preferred scenario  All Israel News

Libya: Civic Space Crushed - Human Rights WatchLibya: Civic Space Crushed  Human Rights Watch

CBL Governor assures US business that Letter of Credit openings and foreign exchange sales to the public and private sectors proceeding normally - Libya HeraldCBL Governor assures US business that Letter of Credit openings and foreign exchange sales to the public and private sectors proceeding normally  Libya Herald

Assessing flash flood erosion following storm Daniel in Libya - NatureAssessing flash flood erosion following storm Daniel in Libya  Nature

Russia Increasing Military Presence in Africa by Reviving Desert Airbase in the Libyan Sahara - The Jamestown FoundationRussia Increasing Military Presence in Africa by Reviving Desert Airbase in the Libyan Sahara  The Jamestown Foundation

US Firm picked to oversee Libyan Central Bank’s financial transactions - The North Africa PostUS Firm picked to oversee Libyan Central Bank’s financial transactions  The North Africa Post

Libya - General DebateLibya  General Debate

Spotlight Libya American advisory firm K2 Integrity to inspect Central Bank of Libya's payments - Africa IntelligenceSpotlight Libya American advisory firm K2 Integrity to inspect Central Bank of Libya's payments  Africa Intelligence

USS Mount Whitney visit ends, marking deeper US push into Libya - The New ArabUSS Mount Whitney visit ends, marking deeper US push into Libya  The New Arab

Misurata cement project takes next steps - Libyan ExpressMisurata cement project takes next steps  Libyan Express

‘Fragile stability’ in Libya increasingly at risk, Security Council hears - UN News‘Fragile stability’ in Libya increasingly at risk, Security Council hears  UN News

European weapons in Sudan (3/5): The mercenaries who travelled through Libya - France 24European weapons in Sudan (3/5): The mercenaries who travelled through Libya  France 24

Libya devalues currency for first time in four years - ReutersLibya devalues currency for first time in four years  Reuters

Libya’s fragile transition plagued by deepening economic and political divides - The European StingLibya’s fragile transition plagued by deepening economic and political divides  The European Sting

Indian workers stranded in Libya: Government says working to secure exit permits - India TodayIndian workers stranded in Libya: Government says working to secure exit permits  India Today

World News in Brief: Security Council Libya resolution, cyclone recovery in Mozambique, Marburg virus in Tanzania, counter-terrorism laws in Türkiye | UN News - UN NewsWorld News in Brief: Security Council Libya resolution, cyclone recovery in Mozambique, Marburg virus in Tanzania, counter-terrorism laws in Türkiye | UN News  UN News

Solving Libya’s economic collapse will require confrontation—not consensus - Atlantic CouncilSolving Libya’s economic collapse will require confrontation—not consensus  Atlantic Council

Oil climbs 3% as Libya output cuts further supply concerns - ReutersOil climbs 3% as Libya output cuts further supply concerns  Reuters

What Syrians Can Learn From Libya’s Revolution - Carnegie Endowment for International PeaceWhat Syrians Can Learn From Libya’s Revolution  Carnegie Endowment for International Peace

World Report 2025: Rights Trends in Libya - Human Rights WatchWorld Report 2025: Rights Trends in Libya  Human Rights Watch

Libya Tourism Industry Surges with Over 100,000 International Arrivals who Choose To Explore Its Ancient Landmarks Despite Warnings - Travel And Tour WorldLibya Tourism Industry Surges with Over 100,000 International Arrivals who Choose To Explore Its Ancient Landmarks Despite Warnings  Travel And Tour World

Lockerbie bombing whistleblower arrested in Libya - BBCLockerbie bombing whistleblower arrested in Libya  BBC

Dbeibeh: Khaled Shakshak is the legal representative of Audit Bureau - The Libya ObserverDbeibeh: Khaled Shakshak is the legal representative of Audit Bureau  The Libya Observer

New China-UAE-Benghazi Julyana Free Port shipping line inaugurated - Libya HeraldNew China-UAE-Benghazi Julyana Free Port shipping line inaugurated  Libya Herald

I wish I didn't have to send people back to Libya, Frontex chief says - Euronews.comI wish I didn't have to send people back to Libya, Frontex chief says  Euronews.com

Tetteh: Libya’s institutions “past their sell-by date” - Libyan ExpressTetteh: Libya’s institutions “past their sell-by date”  Libyan Express

How migrant smuggling has fuelled conflict in Libya - Chatham HouseHow migrant smuggling has fuelled conflict in Libya  Chatham House

40 Jordanian companies participate in Tripoli International Fair in Libya - Jordan Times40 Jordanian companies participate in Tripoli International Fair in Libya  Jordan Times

30 LBC businessmen to attend Libyan Omani Business Forum on 22-23 April – cooperation agreement to be signed - Libya Herald30 LBC businessmen to attend Libyan Omani Business Forum on 22-23 April – cooperation agreement to be signed  Libya Herald

How conflict in Libya facilitated transnational expansion of migrant smuggling and trafficking - Chatham HouseHow conflict in Libya facilitated transnational expansion of migrant smuggling and trafficking  Chatham House

A future of Foras, connecting job seekers with opportunity in Libya - United Nations Development ProgrammeA future of Foras, connecting job seekers with opportunity in Libya  United Nations Development Programme

After Assad’s Fall, Russia Looks to Libya and Sudan - Foreign PolicyAfter Assad’s Fall, Russia Looks to Libya and Sudan  Foreign Policy

Libya : Belkacem Haftar heads for Washington in bid to attract US companies - Africa IntelligenceLibya : Belkacem Haftar heads for Washington in bid to attract US companies  Africa Intelligence

Migrants face extreme violence and exclusion from healthcare in Libya - MSFMigrants face extreme violence and exclusion from healthcare in Libya  MSF

Libyan Oil Revenue Decline, Unrest Send Dinar Plunging - Crude Oil Prices Today | OilPrice.comLibyan Oil Revenue Decline, Unrest Send Dinar Plunging  Crude Oil Prices Today | OilPrice.com

‘I saw him kill people:’ Libya and Italy’s shadowy migrant deals - Al Jazeera‘I saw him kill people:’ Libya and Italy’s shadowy migrant deals  Al Jazeera

Russia’s ghost ships haunt Libya - International Consortium of Investigative Journalists - ICIJRussia’s ghost ships haunt Libya  International Consortium of Investigative Journalists - ICIJ

Weekly News Roundup: Friday, April 25, 2025 - The Libya ObserverWeekly News Roundup: Friday, April 25, 2025  The Libya Observer

Faisal Feituri Hopes to Redraw Libya’s Future with Contracts, Not Guns - The Times of IsraelFaisal Feituri Hopes to Redraw Libya’s Future with Contracts, Not Guns  The Times of Israel

Security Council Meets on Situation in Libya - UN MediaSecurity Council Meets on Situation in Libya  UN Media

USS Mount Whitney conducts Tripoli and Benghazi port visits to promote regional stability, - navy.milUSS Mount Whitney conducts Tripoli and Benghazi port visits to promote regional stability,  navy.mil