Libya

Country Libya
Capital Tripoli
Continent Africa
Currency Libyan dinar(LYD)
Languages Arabic, Berber & Libyan Arabic

Information

Introduction

The Italians supplanted the Ottoman Turks in the area around Tripoli in 1911 and did not relinquish their hold until 1943 when defeated in World War II. Libya then passed to UN administration and achieved independence in 1951. Following a 1969 military coup, Col. Muammar Abu Minyar al-QADHAFI began to espouse his own political system, the Third Universal Theory. The system is a combination of socialism and Islam derived in part from tribal practices and is supposed to be implemented by the Libyan people themselves in a unique form of "direct democracy." QADHAFI has always seen himself as a revolutionary and visionary leader. He used oil funds during the 1970s and 1980s to promote his ideology outside Libya, supporting subversives and terrorists abroad to hasten the end of Marxism and capitalism. In addition, beginning in 1973, he engaged in military operations in northern Chad's Aozou Strip - to gain access to minerals and to use as a base of influence in Chadian politics - but was forced to retreat in 1987. UN sanctions in 1992 isolated QADHAFI politically following the downing of Pan AM Flight 103 over Lockerbie, Scotland. During the 1990s, QADHAFI began to rebuild his relationships with Europe. UN sanctions were suspended in April 1999 and finally lifted in September 2003 after Libya accepted responsibility for the Lockerbie bombing. In December 2003, Libya announced that it had agreed to reveal and end its programs to develop weapons of mass destruction and to renounce terrorism. QADHAFI has made significant strides in normalizing relations with Western nations since then. He has received various Western European leaders as well as many working-level and commercial delegations, and made his first trip to Western Europe in 15 years when he traveled to Brussels in April 2004. The US rescinded Libya's designation as a state sponsor of terrorism in June 2006. In January 2008, Libya assumed a nonpermanent seat on the UN Security Council for the 2008-09 term. In August 2008, the US and Libya signed a bilateral comprehensive claims settlement agreement to compensate claimants in both countries who allege injury or death at the hands of the other country, including the Lockerbie bombing, the LaBelle disco bombing, and the UTA 772 bombing. In October 2008, the US Government received $1.5 billion pursuant to the agreement to distribute to US national claimants, and as a result effectively normalized its bilateral relationship with Libya. The two countries then exchanged ambassadors for the first time since 1973 in January 2009. QADHAFI in February 2009 took over as chairman of the African Union for the 2009-10 term; in September 2009, a Libyan took over the year-long presidency of UN General Assembly.

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References

Libya - Wikipedia
Libya - CIA World Fact Book
Libya - BBC
Libya - Timeline - BBC

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United Drilling gains on bagging Rs 2-Cr order from Cactus in Libya - Business StandardUnited Drilling gains on bagging Rs 2-Cr order from Cactus in Libya  Business Standard

Libya: Modest increase in oil and condensate production - The North Africa PostLibya: Modest increase in oil and condensate production  The North Africa Post

The Northwestern Regions of Libya Affected by Severe Weather Event on 5 & 6 December 2024 - World Meteorological Organization WMOThe Northwestern Regions of Libya Affected by Severe Weather Event on 5 & 6 December 2024  World Meteorological Organization WMO

NRC in Libya - nrc.noNRC in Libya  nrc.no

Libya trapped in a cycle of political crisis - GIS ReportsLibya trapped in a cycle of political crisis  GIS Reports

Libya Emerges as an Arena for U.S.-Russia Competition - The Soufan CenterLibya Emerges as an Arena for U.S.-Russia Competition  The Soufan Center

French prosecutors request 7-year jail term for former president Sarkozy in Libya trial - France 24French prosecutors request 7-year jail term for former president Sarkozy in Libya trial  France 24

Libya: RSF calls for the immediate release of journalist Salhine Zerouali, on trial in Military Court - Reporters sans frontièresLibya: RSF calls for the immediate release of journalist Salhine Zerouali, on trial in Military Court  Reporters sans frontières

Cash, tents and a secret vault: Nicolas Sarkozy’s Libya trial - Financial TimesCash, tents and a secret vault: Nicolas Sarkozy’s Libya trial  Financial Times

16 Indian workers trapped in cement factory in Libya await Centre’s help - The Hindu16 Indian workers trapped in cement factory in Libya await Centre’s help  The Hindu

French prosecutors seek 7-year jail term for Sarkozy over presidential campaign 'funding' from Gadhafi - India TV NewsFrench prosecutors seek 7-year jail term for Sarkozy over presidential campaign 'funding' from Gadhafi  India TV News

Libya announces Monday as first day of Eid al-Fitr - Libyan ExpressLibya announces Monday as first day of Eid al-Fitr  Libyan Express

EU welcomes positive steps taken by Libyan authorities in releasing detainees - Libya HeraldEU welcomes positive steps taken by Libyan authorities in releasing detainees  Libya Herald

New World Bank Photobook "Shades of Libya: Contrasts, Hope, and Resilience" Launched in Tripoli - World BankNew World Bank Photobook "Shades of Libya: Contrasts, Hope, and Resilience" Launched in Tripoli  World Bank

Libya Is the Forgotten Wasteland of the International Order - dawnmena.orgLibya Is the Forgotten Wasteland of the International Order  dawnmena.org

Statement of ICC Prosecutor Karim A.A. Khan KC to the United Nations Security Council on the Situation in Libya, pursuant to Resolution 1970 (2011) - | International Criminal CourtStatement of ICC Prosecutor Karim A.A. Khan KC to the United Nations Security Council on the Situation in Libya, pursuant to Resolution 1970 (2011)  | International Criminal Court

Closely following situation of Indian workers in Libya: Ministry of External Affairs - The HinduClosely following situation of Indian workers in Libya: Ministry of External Affairs  The Hindu

Escalation of kidnappings, intimidation, enforced disappearances in Tripoli condemned - Libya HeraldEscalation of kidnappings, intimidation, enforced disappearances in Tripoli condemned  Libya Herald

Parts of Libya affected by extreme weather: LNMC - World Meteorological Organization WMOParts of Libya affected by extreme weather: LNMC  World Meteorological Organization WMO

The illicit oil trade that is keeping Libya divided - Financial TimesThe illicit oil trade that is keeping Libya divided  Financial Times

Trial of former President Sarkozy sheds light on France’s back-channel talks with Libya’s Gadhafi - AP NewsTrial of former President Sarkozy sheds light on France’s back-channel talks with Libya’s Gadhafi  AP News

Libya Annual Country Report 2024 - Country Strategic Plan 2023 - 2025 - ReliefWebLibya Annual Country Report 2024 - Country Strategic Plan 2023 - 2025  ReliefWeb

UNHCR scales up emergency aid in Alkufra, Libya, in response to Sudanese refugee influx - UNHCR - The UN Refugee AgencyUNHCR scales up emergency aid in Alkufra, Libya, in response to Sudanese refugee influx  UNHCR - The UN Refugee Agency

Migrants face extreme violence and exclusion from healthcare in Libya - MSFMigrants face extreme violence and exclusion from healthcare in Libya  MSF

Assessing flash flood erosion following storm Daniel in Libya - NatureAssessing flash flood erosion following storm Daniel in Libya  Nature

Libya - General DebateLibya  General Debate

‘Fragile stability’ in Libya increasingly at risk, Security Council hears - UN News‘Fragile stability’ in Libya increasingly at risk, Security Council hears  UN News

Prosecutors seek seven-year jail term for ex-president Sarkozy in Libya trial - RFIProsecutors seek seven-year jail term for ex-president Sarkozy in Libya trial  RFI

The bear who came to tea: Russia, Libya and the Kremlin’s playbook for fragile states - European Council on Foreign Relations (ECFR)The bear who came to tea: Russia, Libya and the Kremlin’s playbook for fragile states  European Council on Foreign Relations (ECFR)

Libya NOC prevents three Swiss companies from seizing its shares in Mabruk Oil Operations - Africa IntelligenceLibya NOC prevents three Swiss companies from seizing its shares in Mabruk Oil Operations  Africa Intelligence

EU delegation to Libya welcomes detainees’ release, urges action on arbitrary disappearances - The North Africa PostEU delegation to Libya welcomes detainees’ release, urges action on arbitrary disappearances  The North Africa Post

Oil climbs 3% as Libya output cuts further supply concerns - ReutersOil climbs 3% as Libya output cuts further supply concerns  Reuters

World News in Brief: Security Council Libya resolution, cyclone recovery in Mozambique, Marburg virus in Tanzania, counter-terrorism laws in Türkiye | UN News - UN NewsWorld News in Brief: Security Council Libya resolution, cyclone recovery in Mozambique, Marburg virus in Tanzania, counter-terrorism laws in Türkiye | UN News  UN News

French prosecutors seek seven years' jail for Sarkozy for taking Libyan money - ReutersFrench prosecutors seek seven years' jail for Sarkozy for taking Libyan money  Reuters

Italy’s release of a warlord puts Meloni’s entanglements with Libya under scrutiny - politico.euItaly’s release of a warlord puts Meloni’s entanglements with Libya under scrutiny  politico.eu

World Report 2025: Rights Trends in Libya - Human Rights WatchWorld Report 2025: Rights Trends in Libya  Human Rights Watch

Libya: Civic Space Crushed - Human Rights WatchLibya: Civic Space Crushed  Human Rights Watch

UNSMIL welcomes recent release of several detainees – calls for immediate release of hundreds of others across Libya - Libya HeraldUNSMIL welcomes recent release of several detainees – calls for immediate release of hundreds of others across Libya  Libya Herald

A future of Foras, connecting job seekers with opportunity in Libya - United Nations Development ProgrammeA future of Foras, connecting job seekers with opportunity in Libya  United Nations Development Programme

Indian workers stranded in Libya: Government says working to secure exit permits - India TodayIndian workers stranded in Libya: Government says working to secure exit permits  India Today

How conflict in Libya facilitated transnational expansion of migrant smuggling and trafficking - Chatham HouseHow conflict in Libya facilitated transnational expansion of migrant smuggling and trafficking  Chatham House

International - U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) (.gov)International  U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) (.gov)

‘Dark picture’ of French politics emerges from Sarkozy’s trial for Libyan financing - The Arab Weekly‘Dark picture’ of French politics emerges from Sarkozy’s trial for Libyan financing  The Arab Weekly

‘I saw him kill people:’ Libya and Italy’s shadowy migrant deals - Al Jazeera‘I saw him kill people:’ Libya and Italy’s shadowy migrant deals  Al Jazeera

Nicolas Sarkozy Faces Verdict in Libya Corruption Trial - Sri Lanka GuardianNicolas Sarkozy Faces Verdict in Libya Corruption Trial  Sri Lanka Guardian

Prosecutors Seek 7-Year Sentence for Nicolas Sarkozy in Libya Trial - The New York TimesProsecutors Seek 7-Year Sentence for Nicolas Sarkozy in Libya Trial  The New York Times

French prosecutors seek seven-year sentence for Nicolas Sarkozy - Euronews.comFrench prosecutors seek seven-year sentence for Nicolas Sarkozy  Euronews.com

One Year Since Morocco Earthquake and Libya Floods - IFRCOne Year Since Morocco Earthquake and Libya Floods  IFRC

Libya, where US and Russia joust, could test Trump-Putin vibes - Defense NewsLibya, where US and Russia joust, could test Trump-Putin vibes  Defense News

Prosecutors Seek Jail Term for Sarkozy in Libya Cash Trial - Bloomberg.comProsecutors Seek Jail Term for Sarkozy in Libya Cash Trial  Bloomberg.com

French prosecutors seek 7-year sentence for Sarkozy in Libya campaign financing trial - AP NewsFrench prosecutors seek 7-year sentence for Sarkozy in Libya campaign financing trial  AP News

UN announces plan to address political impasse, overdue elections in Libya - UN NewsUN announces plan to address political impasse, overdue elections in Libya  UN News

Statement of ICC Prosecutor Karim A.A. Khan KC on the unsealing of six arrest warrants in the situation in Libya - | International Criminal CourtStatement of ICC Prosecutor Karim A.A. Khan KC on the unsealing of six arrest warrants in the situation in Libya  | International Criminal Court

Libya finds two mass graves with bodies of nearly 50 migrants, refugees - Al JazeeraLibya finds two mass graves with bodies of nearly 50 migrants, refugees  Al Jazeera

Unlocking opportunities: private sector engagement in Libya - United Nations Development ProgrammeUnlocking opportunities: private sector engagement in Libya  United Nations Development Programme

"Peace and stability in Libya go hand in hand with human rights," says High Commissioner - ohchr"Peace and stability in Libya go hand in hand with human rights," says High Commissioner  ohchr

How migrant smuggling has fuelled conflict in Libya - Chatham HouseHow migrant smuggling has fuelled conflict in Libya  Chatham House

Trial of former President Sarkozy sheds light on France’s back-channel talks with Libya’s Qaddafi - Arab NewsTrial of former President Sarkozy sheds light on France’s back-channel talks with Libya’s Qaddafi  Arab News

Libya: UN report urges accountability for years of human rights violations in Tarhuna - ohchrLibya: UN report urges accountability for years of human rights violations in Tarhuna  ohchr

France affirms its support for the SRSG for Libya - France ONUFrance affirms its support for the SRSG for Libya  France ONU

What Syrians Can Learn From Libya’s Revolution - Carnegie Endowment for International PeaceWhat Syrians Can Learn From Libya’s Revolution  Carnegie Endowment for International Peace

Libyan Peace Institute, which aims to achieve national reconciliation in Libya, and SPF agree to cooperate - ??????Libyan Peace Institute, which aims to achieve national reconciliation in Libya, and SPF agree to cooperate  ??????

Two mass graves of migrants uncovered in Libya - UN NewsTwo mass graves of migrants uncovered in Libya  UN News

United Drilling Tools Secures Strategic Order in Libya - TipRanksUnited Drilling Tools Secures Strategic Order in Libya  TipRanks

Libya’s de facto partition demands a solution designed for it—not for outside contenders - Atlantic CouncilLibya’s de facto partition demands a solution designed for it—not for outside contenders  Atlantic Council

LIBYA. Land of migrants - agc communication newsLIBYA. Land of migrants  agc communication news

Libya: We express our grave concern about the lack of women’s full, equal and meaningful participation - France ONULibya: We express our grave concern about the lack of women’s full, equal and meaningful participation  France ONU

Is Libya on the brink of a new civil war? - DWIs Libya on the brink of a new civil war?  DW

Libya's new morality police set to curb women's rights - DWLibya's new morality police set to curb women's rights  DW

French prosecutors seek 7-year jail term for Sarkozy in Libya trial - The Local FranceFrench prosecutors seek 7-year jail term for Sarkozy in Libya trial  The Local France

Bodies of migrants recovered in Libya, authorities say - BBCBodies of migrants recovered in Libya, authorities say  BBC

Dbeibah meets Mohammed bin Zayed in Abu Dhabi - The Libya ObserverDbeibah meets Mohammed bin Zayed in Abu Dhabi  The Libya Observer

Aliou Cissé confident of breaking Libya’s 12-year qualification drought - Confédération Africaine de FootballAliou Cissé confident of breaking Libya’s 12-year qualification drought  Confédération Africaine de Football

IOM Deeply Alarmed by Mass Graves Found in Libya, Urges Action - International Organization for MigrationIOM Deeply Alarmed by Mass Graves Found in Libya, Urges Action  International Organization for Migration

Critic of Italy-Libya migration pact told he was target of Israeli spyware - The GuardianCritic of Italy-Libya migration pact told he was target of Israeli spyware  The Guardian

EUBAM Libya Empowers Libyan Law Enforcement (ANGA) to Combat Drug Trafficking - EEASEUBAM Libya Empowers Libyan Law Enforcement (ANGA) to Combat Drug Trafficking  EEAS

Sudanese war refugees recount Libya horrors - InfoMigrantsSudanese war refugees recount Libya horrors  InfoMigrants

Libya announces first bidding round for oil exploration in 17 years - ReutersLibya announces first bidding round for oil exploration in 17 years  Reuters

Status quo ‘not sustainable’ in increasingly unstable Libya, Security Council hears - UN NewsStatus quo ‘not sustainable’ in increasingly unstable Libya, Security Council hears  UN News

ICC Prosecutor appeals for global support to bring Libyan war criminals to justice - UN NewsICC Prosecutor appeals for global support to bring Libyan war criminals to justice  UN News

Former French President Nicolas Sarkozy Faces Seven-Year Prison Demand in Libya Corruption Case - RegtechtimesFormer French President Nicolas Sarkozy Faces Seven-Year Prison Demand in Libya Corruption Case  Regtechtimes

Institute for the Study of War - Institute for the Study of WarInstitute for the Study of War  Institute for the Study of War

Libya's rival factions agree to end central bank crisis - ReutersLibya's rival factions agree to end central bank crisis  Reuters

Remarks at a UN Security Council Briefing on Libya - United States Mission to the United Nations (.gov)Remarks at a UN Security Council Briefing on Libya  United States Mission to the United Nations (.gov)

New documents blame Libya for Lockerbie bombing - BBCNew documents blame Libya for Lockerbie bombing  BBC

Country Reports on Terrorism 2023: Libya - U.S. Department of State (.gov)Country Reports on Terrorism 2023: Libya  U.S. Department of State (.gov)

Italy’s Meloni says she is being investigated over release of Libya suspect - Al JazeeraItaly’s Meloni says she is being investigated over release of Libya suspect  Al Jazeera

Libya restarts oil production after political crisis - Financial TimesLibya restarts oil production after political crisis  Financial Times

Exclusive: Libya's state oil firm looks to boost output, transparency, new chairman says - ReutersExclusive: Libya's state oil firm looks to boost output, transparency, new chairman says  Reuters

Libya Case Study | Climate Refugees - Othering & Belonging InstituteLibya Case Study | Climate Refugees  Othering & Belonging Institute

Head of Libya's National Oil Corporation resigns - ReutersHead of Libya's National Oil Corporation resigns  Reuters

Sudan: Army Retakes Control of Libya Market in Omdurman... - jordannews.joSudan: Army Retakes Control of Libya Market in Omdurman...  jordannews.jo

The parallels between Libya’s revolution and Syria’s are stark. But they need not be prophetic - The GuardianThe parallels between Libya’s revolution and Syria’s are stark. But they need not be prophetic  The Guardian

Libya's eastern government says all oilfields to close - ReutersLibya's eastern government says all oilfields to close  Reuters

EUBAM Libya supports Libyan Customs Authority to Strengthen National Staff’s Capabilities - EEASEUBAM Libya supports Libyan Customs Authority to Strengthen National Staff’s Capabilities  EEAS

Libya's eastern-based government agrees to proposal to end fuel subsidies - ReutersLibya's eastern-based government agrees to proposal to end fuel subsidies  Reuters

How migrant smuggling has fuelled conflict in Libya | 03 Sebha: A socially diverse and competitive trade post - Chatham HouseHow migrant smuggling has fuelled conflict in Libya | 03 Sebha: A socially diverse and competitive trade post  Chatham House

Zliten Municipality calls on Tripoli government to resolve cement factory blockade - Libya HeraldZliten Municipality calls on Tripoli government to resolve cement factory blockade  Libya Herald

Africa Aware: How transnational human smuggling fuels conflict in Libya - Chatham HouseAfrica Aware: How transnational human smuggling fuels conflict in Libya  Chatham House

Campaigner for migrants in Libya targeted in spyware attack - The GuardianCampaigner for migrants in Libya targeted in spyware attack  The Guardian