Sudan

Country Sudan
Capital Khartoum
Continent Africa
Currency Sudanese pound(SDG)
Languages Arabic & English

Information

Introduction

Military regimes favoring Islamic-oriented governments have dominated national politics since independence from the UK in 1956. Sudan was embroiled in two prolonged civil wars during most of the remainder of the 20th century. These conflicts were rooted in northern economic, political, and social domination of largely non-Muslim, non-Arab southern Sudanese. The first civil war ended in 1972 but broke out again in 1983. The second war and famine-related effects resulted in more than four million people displaced and, according to rebel estimates, more than two million deaths over a period of two decades. Peace talks gained momentum in 2002-04 with the signing of several accords. The final North/South Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA), signed in January 2005, granted the southern rebels autonomy for six years followed by a referendum on independence for Southern Sudan. The referendum was held in January 2011 and indicated overwhelming support for independence. South Sudan became independent on 9 July 2011. Since southern independence Sudan has been combating rebels from the Sudan People's Liberation Movement-North (SPLM-N) in Southern Kordofan and Blue Nile states. A separate conflict, which broke out in the western region of Darfur in 2003, has displaced nearly two million people and caused an estimated 200,000 to 400,000 deaths. The UN took command of the Darfur peacekeeping operation from the African Union in December 2007. Peacekeeping troops have struggled to stabilize the situation, which has become increasingly regional in scope and has brought instability to eastern Chad. Sudan also has faced large refugee influxes from neighboring countries primarily Ethiopia and Chad. Armed conflict, poor transport infrastructure, and lack of government support have chronically obstructed the provision of humanitarian assistance to affected populations.

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References

Sudan - Wikipedia
Sudan - CIA World Fact Book
Sudan - BBC
Sudan - Timeline - BBC

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The Restructuring of Sudan's Army Marks a New Phase in Its Civil War - Crude Oil Prices Today | OilPrice.comThe Restructuring of Sudan's Army Marks a New Phase in Its Civil War  Crude Oil Prices Today | OilPrice.com

RSF attacks kill 89 people in 10 days in Sudan’s Darfur, UN says - Al JazeeraRSF attacks kill 89 people in 10 days in Sudan’s Darfur, UN says  Al Jazeera

Neither Gaza nor Ukraine: Sudan endures world’s worst humanitarian crisis - FirstpostNeither Gaza nor Ukraine: Sudan endures world’s worst humanitarian crisis  Firstpost

Respect Before Rivalry: Sudan and Algeria set for CHAN quarter-final showdown - cafonline.comRespect Before Rivalry: Sudan and Algeria set for CHAN quarter-final showdown  cafonline.com

With timely intervention, complicated severe acute malnutrition can be reversed - ReliefWebWith timely intervention, complicated severe acute malnutrition can be reversed  ReliefWeb

World News in Brief: Sudan hospitals under fire, world remembers victims of terrorism, DR Congo - UN NewsWorld News in Brief: Sudan hospitals under fire, world remembers victims of terrorism, DR Congo  UN News

Khartoum International, Sudan to reopen in early 4Q25 - ch-aviationKhartoum International, Sudan to reopen in early 4Q25  ch-aviation

UN aid convoy attacked in Darfur amid worsening Sudan famine | Daily Sabah - Daily SabahUN aid convoy attacked in Darfur amid worsening Sudan famine | Daily Sabah  Daily Sabah

South Sudan’s President Salva Kiir fires finance minister, 7th replacement since 2020 - ThePrintSouth Sudan’s President Salva Kiir fires finance minister, 7th replacement since 2020  ThePrint

Khartoum begins rebuilding as 2 million people expected to return by the end of the year - africanews.comKhartoum begins rebuilding as 2 million people expected to return by the end of the year  africanews.com

MATCH FACTS: Sudan, Algeria clash for semi-final spot - cafonline.comMATCH FACTS: Sudan, Algeria clash for semi-final spot  cafonline.com

World News in Brief: Gaza humanitarian update, more killings in Sudan, ending impunity in Myanmar - UN NewsWorld News in Brief: Gaza humanitarian update, more killings in Sudan, ending impunity in Myanmar  UN News

Sudan conflict: Army denies bombing WFP convoy in Darfur - BBCSudan conflict: Army denies bombing WFP convoy in Darfur  BBC

Pakistan signs $1.5 billion deal to sell lethal combat weapons to Sudan’s junta - ThePrintPakistan signs $1.5 billion deal to sell lethal combat weapons to Sudan’s junta  ThePrint

Sudan: Documentation Of Human Rights Violations Must Continue - ForbesSudan: Documentation Of Human Rights Violations Must Continue  Forbes

Sudan restricts gold trade as currency falls: What to know - AL-MonitorSudan restricts gold trade as currency falls: What to know  AL-Monitor

Drone attack destroys UN aid convoy in Sudan’s famine-hit Darfur region - Al JazeeraDrone attack destroys UN aid convoy in Sudan’s famine-hit Darfur region  Al Jazeera

Sudan Nashra: Burhan brings all allied forces under military law | Disputes flare within Tasis coalition over RSF violations in Fasher | TSC approves plan to relocate govt HQ out of central Khartoum | Heavy fighting breaks out in North Kordofan, military repels m - ??? ???Sudan Nashra: Burhan brings all allied forces under military law | Disputes flare within Tasis coalition over RSF violations in Fasher | TSC approves plan to relocate govt HQ out of central Khartoum | Heavy fighting breaks out in North Kordofan, military repels m  ??? ???

South Sudan's president fires finance minister, seventh since 2020 - ReutersSouth Sudan's president fires finance minister, seventh since 2020  Reuters

Gaza’s famine, Sudan’s gold, and Morocco’s shrinking oases: The Cheat Sheet - The New HumanitarianGaza’s famine, Sudan’s gold, and Morocco’s shrinking oases: The Cheat Sheet  The New Humanitarian

Is Israel planning to move Palestinians to South Sudan? Netanyahu hints at 'voluntary migration'; Gaza to - The Times of IndiaIs Israel planning to move Palestinians to South Sudan? Netanyahu hints at 'voluntary migration'; Gaza to  The Times of India

South Sudanese ‘are counting on us’, top UN official tells Security Council - UN NewsSouth Sudanese ‘are counting on us’, top UN official tells Security Council  UN News

Sudan army torturing people to death, says rights group - BBCSudan army torturing people to death, says rights group  BBC

Sudan's Burhan shakes up army, tightens control - ReutersSudan's Burhan shakes up army, tightens control  Reuters

US-led mediators ‘appalled’ by humanitarian crisis in war-torn Sudan - Al JazeeraUS-led mediators ‘appalled’ by humanitarian crisis in war-torn Sudan  Al Jazeera

Sudan gripped by deadly crisis as hunger, disease and heat intensify - UN NewsSudan gripped by deadly crisis as hunger, disease and heat intensify  UN News

Why are Sudanese refugees returning home despite the civil war? - Al JazeeraWhy are Sudanese refugees returning home despite the civil war?  Al Jazeera

For enduring normalization, Israel must back democracy in Sudan - Atlantic CouncilFor enduring normalization, Israel must back democracy in Sudan  Atlantic Council

Drone strikes UN convoy in Sudans North Darfur amid ongoing conflict - Tribune IndiaDrone strikes UN convoy in Sudans North Darfur amid ongoing conflict  Tribune India

First Person: From aid worker to refugee and back in war-torn Sudan - UN NewsFirst Person: From aid worker to refugee and back in war-torn Sudan  UN News

The Take: Why are Sudanese refugees returning home despite the civil war? - Al JazeeraThe Take: Why are Sudanese refugees returning home despite the civil war?  Al Jazeera

Inside the Nuba Mountains and the alliance reshaping Sudan’s civil war - Al JazeeraInside the Nuba Mountains and the alliance reshaping Sudan’s civil war  Al Jazeera

Cholera kills 40 as Sudan faces worst outbreak in years, says MSF - Al JazeeraCholera kills 40 as Sudan faces worst outbreak in years, says MSF  Al Jazeera

World News in Brief: Sudan hospitals under fire, world remembers victims of terrorism, DR Congo - Department of Political and Peacebuilding AffairsWorld News in Brief: Sudan hospitals under fire, world remembers victims of terrorism, DR Congo  Department of Political and Peacebuilding Affairs

The falcons and the secretary bird: Arab Gulf states in Sudan’s war - European Council on Foreign Relations (ECFR)The falcons and the secretary bird: Arab Gulf states in Sudan’s war  European Council on Foreign Relations (ECFR)

Why Sudan’s RSF chose this parallel government ahead of peace talks - Al JazeeraWhy Sudan’s RSF chose this parallel government ahead of peace talks  Al Jazeera

Five reasons why the UAE is fixated on Sudan - Peoples DispatchFive reasons why the UAE is fixated on Sudan  Peoples Dispatch

Israel to send humanitarian aid to South Sudan as it battles deadly cholera outbreak - The Times of IsraelIsrael to send humanitarian aid to South Sudan as it battles deadly cholera outbreak  The Times of Israel

RSF attacks compound humanitarian crisis in Sudan’s strategic city - Al JazeeraRSF attacks compound humanitarian crisis in Sudan’s strategic city  Al Jazeera

RSF paramilitary-led coalition forms parallel government in war-torn Sudan - Al JazeeraRSF paramilitary-led coalition forms parallel government in war-torn Sudan  Al Jazeera

Sudan: UN ‘deeply alarmed’ by major attack on besieged El Fasher - UN NewsSudan: UN ‘deeply alarmed’ by major attack on besieged El Fasher  UN News

Sudan cholera outbreak kills 40 in a week as health centres overwhelmed - The GuardianSudan cholera outbreak kills 40 in a week as health centres overwhelmed  The Guardian

Sudan civil war: Besieged el-Fasher city residents face starvation, UN warns - BBCSudan civil war: Besieged el-Fasher city residents face starvation, UN warns  BBC

Sudan war: Children dying of hunger in Darfur's el-Fasher city - BBCSudan war: Children dying of hunger in Darfur's el-Fasher city  BBC

RSF killed at least 89 civilians in Sudan’s Darfur, U.N. says - Sudan TribuneRSF killed at least 89 civilians in Sudan’s Darfur, U.N. says  Sudan Tribune

South Sudan denies Israel talks over forced transfer of Palestinians - Al JazeeraSouth Sudan denies Israel talks over forced transfer of Palestinians  Al Jazeera

Cholera outbreak devastates Sudan refugee camps - Al JazeeraCholera outbreak devastates Sudan refugee camps  Al Jazeera

Thousands in Sudan’s besieged el-Fasher at ‘risk of starvation’, UN warns - Al JazeeraThousands in Sudan’s besieged el-Fasher at ‘risk of starvation’, UN warns  Al Jazeera

The War You Won’t See in the News – Sudan’s Civil War - Trill MagThe War You Won’t See in the News – Sudan’s Civil War  Trill Mag

Neutral Darfur rebel group proposes ceasefire, civilian government to end Sudan war - Sudan TribuneNeutral Darfur rebel group proposes ceasefire, civilian government to end Sudan war  Sudan Tribune

The Millet convoy is not the first... war drones target humanitarian aid in Sudan - AtalayarThe Millet convoy is not the first... war drones target humanitarian aid in Sudan  Atalayar

‘Only hunger and bombs’ for besieged civilians in Sudan’s El Fasher - UN News‘Only hunger and bombs’ for besieged civilians in Sudan’s El Fasher  UN News

Sudan war: Medics say more than dozen children in Darfur camp have died because of food shortages - BBCSudan war: Medics say more than dozen children in Darfur camp have died because of food shortages  BBC

Is Sudan on the path to irreversible fragmentation? - Al JazeeraIs Sudan on the path to irreversible fragmentation?  Al Jazeera

World News in Brief: Gaza Humanitarian Update, more murders in Sudan, ending impunity in Myanmar - The European Times NewsWorld News in Brief: Gaza Humanitarian Update, more murders in Sudan, ending impunity in Myanmar  The European Times News

Sudanese army denies bombing World Food Programme aid convoy in Darfur - TRT GlobalSudanese army denies bombing World Food Programme aid convoy in Darfur  TRT Global

Angola beat South Sudan to stay perfect, advance to the Last Eight - fiba.basketballAngola beat South Sudan to stay perfect, advance to the Last Eight  fiba.basketball

UN says 89 killed in 10 days in Darfur - Arab NewsUN says 89 killed in 10 days in Darfur  Arab News

Sudan war: Forty killed in attack on Abu Shouk camp near to el-Fasher, aid group says - BBCSudan war: Forty killed in attack on Abu Shouk camp near to el-Fasher, aid group says  BBC

Zelensky’s Charm Offensive, and Israel’s Push to Send Gazans to South Sudan - The New York TimesZelensky’s Charm Offensive, and Israel’s Push to Send Gazans to South Sudan  The New York Times

The impact of Sudan’s war on women, two years on - UN WomenThe impact of Sudan’s war on women, two years on  UN Women

UN report: Kufra under pressure from influx of Sudanese refugees and shortage of health workers - libyaupdate.comUN report: Kufra under pressure from influx of Sudanese refugees and shortage of health workers  libyaupdate.com

Sudan’s Famine Enters Dangerous New Phase - The Wall Street JournalSudan’s Famine Enters Dangerous New Phase  The Wall Street Journal

Today's top news: Occupied Palestinian Territory, Syria, Sudan, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ukraine - OCHAToday's top news: Occupied Palestinian Territory, Syria, Sudan, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ukraine  OCHA

Briefing to UN Security Council on the Situation in South Sudan - International Crisis GroupBriefing to UN Security Council on the Situation in South Sudan  International Crisis Group

Conflicts in Africa : Why Sudan remains trapped in prolonged civil war - orfonline.orgConflicts in Africa : Why Sudan remains trapped in prolonged civil war  orfonline.org

Sudan war: A simple guide to what is happening - BBCSudan war: A simple guide to what is happening  BBC

Sudan reports surge in cholera cases amid ongoing conflict - africanews.comSudan reports surge in cholera cases amid ongoing conflict  africanews.com

Fighting intensifies in Sudan’s Kordofan as army pushes for Darfur - Sudan TribuneFighting intensifies in Sudan’s Kordofan as army pushes for Darfur  Sudan Tribune

Sudan’s competing authorities are beholden to militia leaders, say analysts - Al JazeeraSudan’s competing authorities are beholden to militia leaders, say analysts  Al Jazeera

The two rival governments that could split Sudan - ReutersThe two rival governments that could split Sudan  Reuters

Sudanese lay first bricks to rebuild war-torn Khartoum - The New ArabSudanese lay first bricks to rebuild war-torn Khartoum  The New Arab

Israel Is in Talks to Send Gazans to South Sudan, Officials Say - The New York TimesIsrael Is in Talks to Send Gazans to South Sudan, Officials Say  The New York Times

Israeli envoy meets South Sudan president as Juba denies Gaza resettlement report - AL-MonitorIsraeli envoy meets South Sudan president as Juba denies Gaza resettlement report  AL-Monitor

Sudan Drone Strike Hits Aid Famine Convoy (North Darfur) - Modern Tokyo TimesSudan Drone Strike Hits Aid Famine Convoy (North Darfur)  Modern Tokyo Times

UN rights chief condemns recent killing of scores of civilians in Sudan - UN NewsUN rights chief condemns recent killing of scores of civilians in Sudan  UN News

Sudan: Council sanctions individuals and entities over serious human rights violations and threats to the peace, stability and security of the country - consilium.europa.euSudan: Council sanctions individuals and entities over serious human rights violations and threats to the peace, stability and security of the country  consilium.europa.eu

UN fact-finding mission says Sudan conflict escalating, aid weaponised - Al JazeeraUN fact-finding mission says Sudan conflict escalating, aid weaponised  Al Jazeera

DTM Sudan Flash Alert: Al Fasher (Abu Shouk camp), North Darfur (Update 094): 21 August 2025 - ReliefWebDTM Sudan Flash Alert: Al Fasher (Abu Shouk camp), North Darfur (Update 094): 21 August 2025  ReliefWeb

Sudan’s famine worsens as civil war intensifies: ‘We have nothing to eat but animal feed’ - PBSSudan’s famine worsens as civil war intensifies: ‘We have nothing to eat but animal feed’  PBS

African Union rejects Sudan rebel group's parallel government - RFIAfrican Union rejects Sudan rebel group's parallel government  RFI

Sudan | World Food Programme - World Food ProgrammeSudan | World Food Programme  World Food Programme

Assault on Sudan’s Zamzam refugee camp may have killed more than 1,500 civilians - The GuardianAssault on Sudan’s Zamzam refugee camp may have killed more than 1,500 civilians  The Guardian

Sudan: After 2 Years of War, Global Action Needed - Human Rights WatchSudan: After 2 Years of War, Global Action Needed  Human Rights Watch

Sudan restricts gold trade, imports in new economic crackdown - Sudan TribuneSudan restricts gold trade, imports in new economic crackdown  Sudan Tribune

Sudan’s army clashes with RSF for control of El Fasher airport - Sudan TribuneSudan’s army clashes with RSF for control of El Fasher airport  Sudan Tribune

At 19 I had to flee my country, afraid for my life – without even saying goodbye to my family - The GuardianAt 19 I had to flee my country, afraid for my life – without even saying goodbye to my family  The Guardian

Sudan rejects coalition’s criticism, blames RSF for humanitarian crisis - Sudan TribuneSudan rejects coalition’s criticism, blames RSF for humanitarian crisis  Sudan Tribune

Amid starvation in Gaza, Sudan, Guterres slams hunger ‘as a weapon of war’ - UN NewsAmid starvation in Gaza, Sudan, Guterres slams hunger ‘as a weapon of war’  UN News

Cholera outbreak in Sudan’s Darfur kills 315, cases top 7,400, local group says - Sudan TribuneCholera outbreak in Sudan’s Darfur kills 315, cases top 7,400, local group says  Sudan Tribune

Saudi Arabia condemns attack on aid convoy in Sudan - Arab NewsSaudi Arabia condemns attack on aid convoy in Sudan  Arab News

Sudan: UN Human Rights Chief appalled by widespread extrajudicial killings in Khartoum - ohchrSudan: UN Human Rights Chief appalled by widespread extrajudicial killings in Khartoum  ohchr

The UK calls on South Sudan’s leaders to take urgent steps to end violence and restore dialogue: UK statement at the UN Security Council - GOV.UKThe UK calls on South Sudan’s leaders to take urgent steps to end violence and restore dialogue: UK statement at the UN Security Council  GOV.UK

Greetings from Khartoum, Sudan, where those with the least offer their guests the most - NPRGreetings from Khartoum, Sudan, where those with the least offer their guests the most  NPR

Sudan urges global pressure on UAE over alleged backing of RSF - The New ArabSudan urges global pressure on UAE over alleged backing of RSF  The New Arab

UAE condemns attack on WFP convoy in Sudan - ARN News CentreUAE condemns attack on WFP convoy in Sudan  ARN News Centre

Trump turns peacekeeping efforts to Sudan as Ukraine and Gaza talks stall - Financial TimesTrump turns peacekeeping efforts to Sudan as Ukraine and Gaza talks stall  Financial Times

Sudan: UN warns of soaring displacement and looming floods - UN NewsSudan: UN warns of soaring displacement and looming floods  UN News

UNSC Committee Urges Action on South Sudan Peace Deal - Mirage NewsUNSC Committee Urges Action on South Sudan Peace Deal  Mirage News

Crisis in Sudan: What is happening and how to help - International Rescue CommitteeCrisis in Sudan: What is happening and how to help  International Rescue Committee