Sudan

Country Sudan
Capital Khartoum
Continent Africa
Currency Sudanese pound(SDG)
Languages Arabic & English

Information

Introduction

Military regimes favoring Islamic-oriented governments have dominated national politics since independence from the UK in 1956. Sudan was embroiled in two prolonged civil wars during most of the remainder of the 20th century. These conflicts were rooted in northern economic, political, and social domination of largely non-Muslim, non-Arab southern Sudanese. The first civil war ended in 1972 but broke out again in 1983. The second war and famine-related effects resulted in more than four million people displaced and, according to rebel estimates, more than two million deaths over a period of two decades. Peace talks gained momentum in 2002-04 with the signing of several accords. The final North/South Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA), signed in January 2005, granted the southern rebels autonomy for six years followed by a referendum on independence for Southern Sudan. The referendum was held in January 2011 and indicated overwhelming support for independence. South Sudan became independent on 9 July 2011. Since southern independence Sudan has been combating rebels from the Sudan People's Liberation Movement-North (SPLM-N) in Southern Kordofan and Blue Nile states. A separate conflict, which broke out in the western region of Darfur in 2003, has displaced nearly two million people and caused an estimated 200,000 to 400,000 deaths. The UN took command of the Darfur peacekeeping operation from the African Union in December 2007. Peacekeeping troops have struggled to stabilize the situation, which has become increasingly regional in scope and has brought instability to eastern Chad. Sudan also has faced large refugee influxes from neighboring countries primarily Ethiopia and Chad. Armed conflict, poor transport infrastructure, and lack of government support have chronically obstructed the provision of humanitarian assistance to affected populations.

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References

Sudan - Wikipedia
Sudan - CIA World Fact Book
Sudan - BBC
Sudan - Timeline - BBC

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Disturbing Reports of Sudan’s Military Using Chlorine Gas - Human Rights WatchDisturbing Reports of Sudan’s Military Using Chlorine Gas  Human Rights Watch

Videos show the Sudanese army's use of chlorine gas as a weapon - France 24Videos show the Sudanese army's use of chlorine gas as a weapon  France 24

El-Fasher attack: Thirteen killed as hospital shelled in besieged Sudan city, BBC told - BBC
  1. El-Fasher attack: Thirteen killed as hospital shelled in besieged Sudan city, BBC told  BBC
  2. Sudan paramilitary strike on mosque kills 13 in El-Fasher  The Hindu
  3. Sudan: El Fasher mosque and hospital attacks leave at least 20 dead  UN News


ICC convicts Sudan militia commander of Darfur war crimes, crimes against humanity - India TodayICC convicts Sudan militia commander of Darfur war crimes, crimes against humanity  India Today

Sudan army used chlorine twice in Khartoum area attacks in 2024: report - Arab NewsSudan army used chlorine twice in Khartoum area attacks in 2024: report  Arab News

South Sudan president ousts military chief, reinstates predecessor - africanews.comSouth Sudan president ousts military chief, reinstates predecessor  africanews.com

DR Congo, Sudan in spotlight as COMESA Foreign Affairs Ministers meet in Nairobi| The New Times - The New TimesDR Congo, Sudan in spotlight as COMESA Foreign Affairs Ministers meet in Nairobi| The New Times  The New Times

Chinese Missile ‘Hunts Downs’ Akinci Drone in Sudan; Reports Indicate 4th Turkish UAV Shot Down In 2 Months - EurAsian TimesChinese Missile ‘Hunts Downs’ Akinci Drone in Sudan; Reports Indicate 4th Turkish UAV Shot Down In 2 Months  EurAsian Times

Preview: South Sudan vs Senegal - prediction, team news, lineups - Sports MolePreview: South Sudan vs Senegal - prediction, team news, lineups  Sports Mole

South Sudan prez dismisses army chief, no reason given for sudden military shake-up - WIONSouth Sudan prez dismisses army chief, no reason given for sudden military shake-up  WION

Vitol caught in crossfire as UAE blocks Sudan oil shipments - Financial TimesVitol caught in crossfire as UAE blocks Sudan oil shipments  Financial Times

Ali Muhammad Ali Abd-Al-Rahman declared guilty of war crimes and crimes against humanity committed in Darfur, Sudan - | International Criminal CourtAli Muhammad Ali Abd-Al-Rahman declared guilty of war crimes and crimes against humanity committed in Darfur, Sudan  | International Criminal Court

Sudan: El Fasher mosque and hospital attacks leave at least 20 dead - Department of Political and Peacebuilding AffairsSudan: El Fasher mosque and hospital attacks leave at least 20 dead  Department of Political and Peacebuilding Affairs

RSF attack on hospital in Sudan’s el-Fasher kills 12, medics say - Al JazeeraRSF attack on hospital in Sudan’s el-Fasher kills 12, medics say  Al Jazeera

A landmark conviction for war crimes in Sudan shows the wheels of global justice do turn – albeit slowly - The ConversationA landmark conviction for war crimes in Sudan shows the wheels of global justice do turn – albeit slowly  The Conversation

Media report indicates Sudan forces may have used chemical weapons, rights group says - Jurist.orgMedia report indicates Sudan forces may have used chemical weapons, rights group says  Jurist.org

Higlights Sudan 0-0 Maritania in 2026 World Cup Qualifiers - VAVEL.comHiglights Sudan 0-0 Maritania in 2026 World Cup Qualifiers  VAVEL.com

‘War is a business’: the Colombian mercenaries training Sudan’s child fighters to ‘go and get killed’ - The Guardian‘War is a business’: the Colombian mercenaries training Sudan’s child fighters to ‘go and get killed’  The Guardian

Sudan: Interview with war correspondent Wojciech Jagielski - Genocide WatchSudan: Interview with war correspondent Wojciech Jagielski  Genocide Watch

Treasures of ancient Sudan to feature in Stirling exhibition - BBCTreasures of ancient Sudan to feature in Stirling exhibition  BBC

ICC convicts Sudan ex-militia leader Ali Kushayb of Darfur war crimes - Al JazeeraICC convicts Sudan ex-militia leader Ali Kushayb of Darfur war crimes  Al Jazeera

US push to break siege in Sudan appears to fall apart - Financial TimesUS push to break siege in Sudan appears to fall apart  Financial Times

ICC convicts former Sudan militia leader for war crimes in Darfur - The GuardianICC convicts former Sudan militia leader for war crimes in Darfur  The Guardian

Ali Kushayb: Sudan militia leader convicted of war crimes in Darfur - BBCAli Kushayb: Sudan militia leader convicted of war crimes in Darfur  BBC

What’s driving the violence in Sudan – and what could bring peace? - Al JazeeraWhat’s driving the violence in Sudan – and what could bring peace?  Al Jazeera

Goals and Highlights: South Sudan 0-5 Senegal in 2026 World Cup Qualifiers - VAVEL.comGoals and Highlights: South Sudan 0-5 Senegal in 2026 World Cup Qualifiers  VAVEL.com

Türk welcomes ICC conviction of Sudan’s “Ali Kushayb” - ohchrTürk welcomes ICC conviction of Sudan’s “Ali Kushayb”  ohchr

Sudan: Targeted attack on mosque, hospital kills 20 people - madhyamamonline.comSudan: Targeted attack on mosque, hospital kills 20 people  madhyamamonline.com

African Development Bank and IOM sign $62 million agreement to rebuild Sudan’s social infrastructure - African Development Bank GroupAfrican Development Bank and IOM sign $62 million agreement to rebuild Sudan’s social infrastructure  African Development Bank Group

South Sudan president fires military chief after three months, reinstates predecessor - ReutersSouth Sudan president fires military chief after three months, reinstates predecessor  Reuters

How communities safeguard mental health in South Sudan - Jesuits GlobalHow communities safeguard mental health in South Sudan  Jesuits Global

Sudan crisis deepens amid rising civilian casualties, growing ethnic violence and grim humanitarian situation – UN report - ohchrSudan crisis deepens amid rising civilian casualties, growing ethnic violence and grim humanitarian situation – UN report  ohchr

Diplomatic row halts South Sudan Dar Blend flows to Fujairah: FT - Quantum Commodity IntelligenceDiplomatic row halts South Sudan Dar Blend flows to Fujairah: FT  Quantum Commodity Intelligence

Sudan’s Power Chessboard: Rival Governments and the Battle for Legitimacy - The Tahrir Institute for Middle East Policy -Sudan’s Power Chessboard: Rival Governments and the Battle for Legitimacy  The Tahrir Institute for Middle East Policy -

At least 20 dead after mosque and hospital attacked in Sudan’s El Fasher, says UN - Maktoob MediaAt least 20 dead after mosque and hospital attacked in Sudan’s El Fasher, says UN  Maktoob Media

24 Months Operation Update - Sudan Crisis: Regional Population Movement, Emergency Appeal No. MDRS1001 - ReliefWeb24 Months Operation Update - Sudan Crisis: Regional Population Movement, Emergency Appeal No. MDRS1001  ReliefWeb

Today's top news: Occupied Palestinian Territory, Sudan, Ukraine - OCHAToday's top news: Occupied Palestinian Territory, Sudan, Ukraine  OCHA

Russia, Arab League summit postponed amid Gaza peace plan efforts - Sudan TribuneRussia, Arab League summit postponed amid Gaza peace plan efforts  Sudan Tribune

Sudan civil war: South Kordofan – the latest frontline - BBCSudan civil war: South Kordofan – the latest frontline  BBC

UN warns of ‘catastrophic’ humanitarian crisis in Sudan’s Darfur - UN NewsUN warns of ‘catastrophic’ humanitarian crisis in Sudan’s Darfur  UN News

Sudan rescuers pull 370 bodies from Darfur landslides, many remain trapped - Al JazeeraSudan rescuers pull 370 bodies from Darfur landslides, many remain trapped  Al Jazeera

Spread of diseases overwhelms Khartoum hospitals in war-ravaged Sudan - Al JazeeraSpread of diseases overwhelms Khartoum hospitals in war-ravaged Sudan  Al Jazeera

AFRICA/SOUTH SUDAN - Body responsible for monitoring the peace agreements: "There is a risk of a large-scale resumption of civil war" - Agenzia FidesAFRICA/SOUTH SUDAN - Body responsible for monitoring the peace agreements: "There is a risk of a large-scale resumption of civil war"  Agenzia Fides

Sudan's Last Functioning Hospital in El Fasher Attacked, 20 Dead - allAfrica.comSudan's Last Functioning Hospital in El Fasher Attacked, 20 Dead  allAfrica.com

History Shows a Divided Sudan Could Face Prolonged War - Africa Defense ForumHistory Shows a Divided Sudan Could Face Prolonged War  Africa Defense Forum

UAE blocks Sudan oil shipments amid diplomatic fallout, global trader caught in crossfire - Business Insider AfricaUAE blocks Sudan oil shipments amid diplomatic fallout, global trader caught in crossfire  Business Insider Africa

DTM Sudan Flash Alert: Intra-communal conflict in Kernoi (Kernoi town), North Darfur - ReliefWebDTM Sudan Flash Alert: Intra-communal conflict in Kernoi (Kernoi town), North Darfur  ReliefWeb

Dengue fever ravages Sudan as infrastructure battered by war - ReutersDengue fever ravages Sudan as infrastructure battered by war  Reuters

Sudan, South Sudan Sign Agreement to Safeguard Oil Infrastructure - Energy Capital & PowerSudan, South Sudan Sign Agreement to Safeguard Oil Infrastructure  Energy Capital & Power

World Cup 2026: Senegal humiliates South Sudan and stays on course - Foot AfricaWorld Cup 2026: Senegal humiliates South Sudan and stays on course  Foot Africa

Sudan war: Lifesaving cholera vaccination campaign begins in Darfur - UN NewsSudan war: Lifesaving cholera vaccination campaign begins in Darfur  UN News

‘Egypt remains key supporter of Sudan’s unity, stability’ - Egyptian Gazette‘Egypt remains key supporter of Sudan’s unity, stability’  Egyptian Gazette

RSF strikes on hospital in Sudan's Al-Fasher kill 20 people - TRT FrançaisRSF strikes on hospital in Sudan's Al-Fasher kill 20 people  TRT Français

More than 70 civilians killed in attack on mosque in Darfur’s el-Fasher - Al JazeeraMore than 70 civilians killed in attack on mosque in Darfur’s el-Fasher  Al Jazeera

In besieged Sudan city, civilians face death if they try to escape - Al JazeeraIn besieged Sudan city, civilians face death if they try to escape  Al Jazeera

Could a US and Saudi-backed proposal lead to peace in Sudan? - Al JazeeraCould a US and Saudi-backed proposal lead to peace in Sudan?  Al Jazeera

CPJ urges UAE to justify the arrest of South Sudan political commentator Samuel Oyay - Jurist.orgCPJ urges UAE to justify the arrest of South Sudan political commentator Samuel Oyay  Jurist.org

Sudan crisis: Surge in summary executions by all warring parties - UN NewsSudan crisis: Surge in summary executions by all warring parties  UN News

Surging Nile waters inundate Egypt and Sudan, revive dispute over Ethiopian mega-dam - ReutersSurging Nile waters inundate Egypt and Sudan, revive dispute over Ethiopian mega-dam  Reuters

South Sudan Announces 2,400km Fiber-Optic Network to Strengthen Digital Infrastructure - TechAfrica NewsSouth Sudan Announces 2,400km Fiber-Optic Network to Strengthen Digital Infrastructure  TechAfrica News

Ali Kushayb, the convicted symbol of crimes in Darfur - JusticeInfo.netAli Kushayb, the convicted symbol of crimes in Darfur  JusticeInfo.net

WCQ 2026: Senegal on the brink after South Sudan win - africanfootball.comWCQ 2026: Senegal on the brink after South Sudan win  africanfootball.com

UN ‘gravely alarmed’ by deteriorating situation in Sudan’s el-Fasher - Al JazeeraUN ‘gravely alarmed’ by deteriorating situation in Sudan’s el-Fasher  Al Jazeera

RSF hits Darfur hospital as cholera, dengue fever spread in war-torn Sudan - AL-MonitorRSF hits Darfur hospital as cholera, dengue fever spread in war-torn Sudan  AL-Monitor

Ten contenders for the Nobel Peace Prize who are not Donald Trump - France 24Ten contenders for the Nobel Peace Prize who are not Donald Trump  France 24

Sudan: UNFPA Statement On Repeated Attacks Against El Fasher Maternity Hospital, Sudan - allAfrica.comSudan: UNFPA Statement On Repeated Attacks Against El Fasher Maternity Hospital, Sudan  allAfrica.com

At least 14 soldiers killed as "love triangle" turns deadly in South Sudan, army says - CBS NewsAt least 14 soldiers killed as "love triangle" turns deadly in South Sudan, army says  CBS News

Peace partners call for immediate cessation of hostilities and return to the peace deal in South Sudan - United Nations PeacekeepingPeace partners call for immediate cessation of hostilities and return to the peace deal in South Sudan  United Nations Peacekeeping

South Sudan vs. Senegal: Betting odds, prediction, pick - Pro Soccer WireSouth Sudan vs. Senegal: Betting odds, prediction, pick  Pro Soccer Wire

Deadly attacks and collapsing services push Sudan closer to catastrophe - UN NewsDeadly attacks and collapsing services push Sudan closer to catastrophe  UN News

Sudan and South Sudan Sign Pact to Protect Oil Pipeline, Critical Oil Infrastructure - Pipeline Technology JournalSudan and South Sudan Sign Pact to Protect Oil Pipeline, Critical Oil Infrastructure  Pipeline Technology Journal

Sudan's army recaptures key positions from RSF in El-Fasher - TRT WorldSudan's army recaptures key positions from RSF in El-Fasher  TRT World

Sudan Crisis Explained - USA for UNHCRSudan Crisis Explained  USA for UNHCR

Starvation as weapon in war-torn Sudan - CruxStarvation as weapon in war-torn Sudan  Crux

Joint Statement on Restoring Peace and Security in Sudan - U.S. Department of State (.gov)Joint Statement on Restoring Peace and Security in Sudan  U.S. Department of State (.gov)

Sudan - UNHCR - The UN Refugee AgencySudan  UNHCR - The UN Refugee Agency

Today's top news: Occupied Palestinian Territory, Sudan, Ukraine - OCHAToday's top news: Occupied Palestinian Territory, Sudan, Ukraine  OCHA

RSF Hits Darfur Hospital Amid Sudan's Worsening Cholera and Dengue Fever Crisis: A Humanitarian Catastrophe - impactpolicies.orgRSF Hits Darfur Hospital Amid Sudan's Worsening Cholera and Dengue Fever Crisis: A Humanitarian Catastrophe  impactpolicies.org

Sudan’s civil war reignites the illicit car trade into Chad - ISS AfricaSudan’s civil war reignites the illicit car trade into Chad  ISS Africa

Sudan war: A simple guide to what is happening - BBCSudan war: A simple guide to what is happening  BBC

Both Sides In Sudan’s War Blamed For Rising Civilian Deaths - Eurasia ReviewBoth Sides In Sudan’s War Blamed For Rising Civilian Deaths  Eurasia Review

Officer assigned to UN peacekeeping mission in South Sudan - Vietnam+ (VietnamPlus)Officer assigned to UN peacekeeping mission in South Sudan  Vietnam+ (VietnamPlus)

12 killed, 17 injured in RSF shelling of hospital in Sudan’s Darfur: Medics - Anadolu Ajansi12 killed, 17 injured in RSF shelling of hospital in Sudan’s Darfur: Medics  Anadolu Ajansi

Father reunited with family in Sudan after Al Jazeera news report - Al JazeeraFather reunited with family in Sudan after Al Jazeera news report  Al Jazeera

Downpours stymy aid teams following deadly landslide in war-torn Sudan - UN NewsDownpours stymy aid teams following deadly landslide in war-torn Sudan  UN News

Sudanese villagers dig with hands to reach landslide victims, group says - BBCSudanese villagers dig with hands to reach landslide victims, group says  BBC

Armed with October - Africa Is a CountryArmed with October  Africa Is a Country

2024 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices: Sudan - U.S. Department of State (.gov)2024 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices: Sudan  U.S. Department of State (.gov)

Feared Sudanese Warlord Is Convicted of Crimes Against Humanity - The New York TimesFeared Sudanese Warlord Is Convicted of Crimes Against Humanity  The New York Times

International Criminal Court Delivers First Conviction In The Case Of Darfur, Sudan - ForbesInternational Criminal Court Delivers First Conviction In The Case Of Darfur, Sudan  Forbes

El-Fasher: Drone strike on Sudan mosque kills 78, medic tells BBC - BBCEl-Fasher: Drone strike on Sudan mosque kills 78, medic tells BBC  BBC

World News in Brief: New declaration on NCDs and mental health, Khartoum shelter crisis, WFP lifeline in Ukraine, South Sudan rights update - UN NewsWorld News in Brief: New declaration on NCDs and mental health, Khartoum shelter crisis, WFP lifeline in Ukraine, South Sudan rights update  UN News

War in Sudan: Humanitarian, fighting, control developments, August 2025 - Al JazeeraWar in Sudan: Humanitarian, fighting, control developments, August 2025  Al Jazeera

Sojojin Sudan sun sake ?wace muhimman wurare daga dakarun RSF a El-Fasher - TRT FrançaisSojojin Sudan sun sake ?wace muhimman wurare daga dakarun RSF a El-Fasher  TRT Français

Sudan: What we known about the video of a woman hanged by her arms - France 24Sudan: What we known about the video of a woman hanged by her arms  France 24

FIFA World Cup FIFAWCQ: South Sudan coach Dupuis confident ahead of Senegal clash - Africa Top SportsFIFA World Cup FIFAWCQ: South Sudan coach Dupuis confident ahead of Senegal clash  Africa Top Sports

Sudan paramilitary shells El-Fasher mosque housing families, killing 13 - TRT FrançaisSudan paramilitary shells El-Fasher mosque housing families, killing 13  TRT Français

RSF attacks kill 89 people in 10 days in Sudan’s Darfur, UN says - Al JazeeraRSF attacks kill 89 people in 10 days in Sudan’s Darfur, UN says  Al Jazeera

Tehran Returns to Sudan - ?????Tehran Returns to Sudan  ?????

Security Council rejects creation of rival government in Sudan - UN NewsSecurity Council rejects creation of rival government in Sudan  UN News