Sudan

Country Sudan
Capital Khartoum
Continent Africa
Currency Sudanese pound(SDG)
Languages Arabic & English

Information

Introduction

Military regimes favoring Islamic-oriented governments have dominated national politics since independence from the UK in 1956. Sudan was embroiled in two prolonged civil wars during most of the remainder of the 20th century. These conflicts were rooted in northern economic, political, and social domination of largely non-Muslim, non-Arab southern Sudanese. The first civil war ended in 1972 but broke out again in 1983. The second war and famine-related effects resulted in more than four million people displaced and, according to rebel estimates, more than two million deaths over a period of two decades. Peace talks gained momentum in 2002-04 with the signing of several accords. The final North/South Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA), signed in January 2005, granted the southern rebels autonomy for six years followed by a referendum on independence for Southern Sudan. The referendum was held in January 2011 and indicated overwhelming support for independence. South Sudan became independent on 9 July 2011. Since southern independence Sudan has been combating rebels from the Sudan People's Liberation Movement-North (SPLM-N) in Southern Kordofan and Blue Nile states. A separate conflict, which broke out in the western region of Darfur in 2003, has displaced nearly two million people and caused an estimated 200,000 to 400,000 deaths. The UN took command of the Darfur peacekeeping operation from the African Union in December 2007. Peacekeeping troops have struggled to stabilize the situation, which has become increasingly regional in scope and has brought instability to eastern Chad. Sudan also has faced large refugee influxes from neighboring countries primarily Ethiopia and Chad. Armed conflict, poor transport infrastructure, and lack of government support have chronically obstructed the provision of humanitarian assistance to affected populations.

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References

Sudan - Wikipedia
Sudan - CIA World Fact Book
Sudan - BBC
Sudan - Timeline - BBC

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Sudan: Is a rival government splitting the country in two? - DWSudan: Is a rival government splitting the country in two?  DW

Is Sudan on the path to irreversible fragmentation? - Al JazeeraIs Sudan on the path to irreversible fragmentation?  Al Jazeera

US Calls Off Sudan Peace Talks After Dispute Over Post-War Power - MintUS Calls Off Sudan Peace Talks After Dispute Over Post-War Power  Mint

Sudan gripped by deadly crisis as hunger, disease and heat intensify - UN NewsSudan gripped by deadly crisis as hunger, disease and heat intensify  UN News

Trump Turns Peacekeeping Efforts to Sudan Amid Stalled Ukraine, Gaza Talks | Firstpost Africa |N18G - FirstpostTrump Turns Peacekeeping Efforts to Sudan Amid Stalled Ukraine, Gaza Talks | Firstpost Africa |N18G  Firstpost

Can a home-grown telecoms firm connect South Sudan to the world? - The EconomistCan a home-grown telecoms firm connect South Sudan to the world?  The Economist

African Union rejects RSF’s rival government in Sudan amid escalating conflict - africanews.comAfrican Union rejects RSF’s rival government in Sudan amid escalating conflict  africanews.com

The falcons and the secretary bird: Arab Gulf states in Sudan’s war - European Council on Foreign Relations (ECFR)The falcons and the secretary bird: Arab Gulf states in Sudan’s war  European Council on Foreign Relations (ECFR)

A new late Pleistocene fossil crocodile from Sudan reveals hidden diversity of Crocodylus in Africa - NatureA new late Pleistocene fossil crocodile from Sudan reveals hidden diversity of Crocodylus in Africa  Nature

African Union rejects Sudan rebel group's parallel government - RFIAfrican Union rejects Sudan rebel group's parallel government  RFI

RSF attacks compound humanitarian crisis in Sudan’s strategic city - Al JazeeraRSF attacks compound humanitarian crisis in Sudan’s strategic city  Al Jazeera

Sudan Nashra: RSF-led coalition declares parallel govt in western Sudan, sparks domestic, regional condemnation | PM Kamel Idris finalizes Cabinet lineup, urges African Union to reinstate Sudan | Disputes over participation delays US-led meeting on Sudan - ??? ???Sudan Nashra: RSF-led coalition declares parallel govt in western Sudan, sparks domestic, regional condemnation | PM Kamel Idris finalizes Cabinet lineup, urges African Union to reinstate Sudan | Disputes over participation delays US-led meeting on Sudan  ??? ???

Kidney failure on the rise in Sudan amid war, dire conditions - The New ArabKidney failure on the rise in Sudan amid war, dire conditions  The New Arab

Sudan: Attacks in Kordofan states cause hundreds of deaths, mass displacement and the collapse of essential services - International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC)Sudan: Attacks in Kordofan states cause hundreds of deaths, mass displacement and the collapse of essential services  International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC)

The two rival governments that could split Sudan - ReutersThe two rival governments that could split Sudan  Reuters

Five reasons why the UAE is fixated on Sudan - Peoples DispatchFive reasons why the UAE is fixated on Sudan  Peoples Dispatch

Trump turns peacekeeping efforts to Sudan as Ukraine and Gaza talks stall - Financial TimesTrump turns peacekeeping efforts to Sudan as Ukraine and Gaza talks stall  Financial Times

Sudan quartet meeting postponed after Egypt-UAE spat - The New ArabSudan quartet meeting postponed after Egypt-UAE spat  The New Arab

UN rights chief condemns recent killing of scores of civilians in Sudan - UN NewsUN rights chief condemns recent killing of scores of civilians in Sudan  UN News

What has triggered deadly clashes at Uganda’s border with South Sudan? - Al JazeeraWhat has triggered deadly clashes at Uganda’s border with South Sudan?  Al Jazeera

Amid starvation in Gaza, Sudan, Guterres slams hunger ‘as a weapon of war’ - UN NewsAmid starvation in Gaza, Sudan, Guterres slams hunger ‘as a weapon of war’  UN News

Why Sudan’s RSF chose this parallel government ahead of peace talks - Al JazeeraWhy Sudan’s RSF chose this parallel government ahead of peace talks  Al Jazeera

Sudan’s competing authorities are beholden to militia leaders, say analysts - Al JazeeraSudan’s competing authorities are beholden to militia leaders, say analysts  Al Jazeera

Border clash between Ugandan, South Sudanese troops kills at least four - Al JazeeraBorder clash between Ugandan, South Sudanese troops kills at least four  Al Jazeera

RSF paramilitary-led coalition forms parallel government in war-torn Sudan - Al JazeeraRSF paramilitary-led coalition forms parallel government in war-torn Sudan  Al Jazeera

Sudan’s RSF kills about 300 people in North Kordofan, rights group says - Al JazeeraSudan’s RSF kills about 300 people in North Kordofan, rights group says  Al Jazeera

Opinion | Sudan’s Brutal, Forgotten War - The Wall Street JournalOpinion | Sudan’s Brutal, Forgotten War  The Wall Street Journal

South Sudan's first-ever win sends them to the quarterfinals - fiba.basketballSouth Sudan's first-ever win sends them to the quarterfinals  fiba.basketball

‘Crimes against humanity’ in Sudan’s Darfur: ICC deputy prosecutor - Al Jazeera‘Crimes against humanity’ in Sudan’s Darfur: ICC deputy prosecutor  Al Jazeera

Mali vs South Sudan - Semi-Finals - FIBA Women's AfroBasket 2025 - fiba.basketballMali vs South Sudan - Semi-Finals - FIBA Women's AfroBasket 2025  fiba.basketball

2025 FIBA Women's AfroBasket quarter-final guide: schedule and how to stream live basketball - Olympics.com2025 FIBA Women's AfroBasket quarter-final guide: schedule and how to stream live basketball  Olympics.com

Sudan: Humanitarian needs deepen amid rising hostilities and heavy rains - UN NewsSudan: Humanitarian needs deepen amid rising hostilities and heavy rains  UN News

Sudan’s war is an economic disaster: here’s how bad it could get - The ConversationSudan’s war is an economic disaster: here’s how bad it could get  The Conversation

Sudan conflict: Kordofan becomes the latest front line in the civil war - BBCSudan conflict: Kordofan becomes the latest front line in the civil war  BBC

Sudan war: Medics say more than dozen children in Darfur camp have died because of food shortages - BBCSudan war: Medics say more than dozen children in Darfur camp have died because of food shortages  BBC

From Paralysis to Pluralism: Repoliticising Mediation in Sudan - PeaceRepFrom Paralysis to Pluralism: Repoliticising Mediation in Sudan  PeaceRep

Sudan: RSF forms rival government, deepening fissure - DWSudan: RSF forms rival government, deepening fissure  DW

ACAPS Thematic Report: Sudan - Protection Risk Analysis 2025 (31 July 2025) - ReliefWebACAPS Thematic Report: Sudan - Protection Risk Analysis 2025 (31 July 2025)  ReliefWeb

Why Sudanese people are losing faith in the 'government of hope' - Middle East EyeWhy Sudanese people are losing faith in the 'government of hope'  Middle East Eye

Uganda, South Sudan forces clash on border, at least 6 dead - FirstpostUganda, South Sudan forces clash on border, at least 6 dead  Firstpost

Sudan: Council sanctions individuals and entities over serious human rights violations and threats to the peace, stability and security of the country - consilium.europa.euSudan: Council sanctions individuals and entities over serious human rights violations and threats to the peace, stability and security of the country  consilium.europa.eu

Crisis in Sudan: What is happening and how to help - International Rescue CommitteeCrisis in Sudan: What is happening and how to help  International Rescue Committee

UN warns of worsening humanitarian crisis in Sudan as displacement, hunger and disease escalate - UN NewsUN warns of worsening humanitarian crisis in Sudan as displacement, hunger and disease escalate  UN News

South Sudan can't stop making history - fiba.basketballSouth Sudan can't stop making history  fiba.basketball

US Calls Off Sudan Peace Talks After Post-War Power Dispute - Bloomberg.comUS Calls Off Sudan Peace Talks After Post-War Power Dispute  Bloomberg.com

Sudanese paramilitary RSF accused of killing almost 300 people in village raids - theguardian.comSudanese paramilitary RSF accused of killing almost 300 people in village raids  theguardian.com

Egyptian, Sudanese foreign ministers discuss efforts to achieve peace in Sudan - TRT GlobalEgyptian, Sudanese foreign ministers discuss efforts to achieve peace in Sudan  TRT Global

Sudan: UN sounds the alarm as health and food crises worsen across the country - UN NewsSudan: UN sounds the alarm as health and food crises worsen across the country  UN News

South Sudan: Renewed call for credible investigation into 2017 killing of journalist Christopher Allen - ipi.mediaSouth Sudan: Renewed call for credible investigation into 2017 killing of journalist Christopher Allen  ipi.media

Aid cuts leave refugee agency unable to shelter six in 10 fleeing war in Sudan - UN NewsAid cuts leave refugee agency unable to shelter six in 10 fleeing war in Sudan  UN News

Leaders of Parallel Government Named in War-Torn Sudan - The New York TimesLeaders of Parallel Government Named in War-Torn Sudan  The New York Times

Sudan: Mass displacement, hundreds killed as violence escalates in Kordofan - Middle East MonitorSudan: Mass displacement, hundreds killed as violence escalates in Kordofan  Middle East Monitor

Sudan war: A simple guide to what is happening - BBCSudan war: A simple guide to what is happening  BBC

A Surprise Attack Pits Ally Against Ally in East Africa - The New York TimesA Surprise Attack Pits Ally Against Ally in East Africa  The New York Times

South Sudan 'open to accepting' more deportees from US, urges sanctions removal - TRT GlobalSouth Sudan 'open to accepting' more deportees from US, urges sanctions removal  TRT Global

Iran Says Concerned Over Internal Crisis In Sudan, Parallel Government - Iran Front Page - IFP NewsIran Says Concerned Over Internal Crisis In Sudan, Parallel Government  Iran Front Page - IFP News

Sudan’s children face growing threat of deadly infectious diseases as vaccination rates halve - theguardian.comSudan’s children face growing threat of deadly infectious diseases as vaccination rates halve  theguardian.com

U.S. scraps high-level meeting on Sudan conflict, sources say - Sudan TribuneU.S. scraps high-level meeting on Sudan conflict, sources say  Sudan Tribune

Greetings from Khartoum, Sudan, where those with the least offer their guests the most - NPRGreetings from Khartoum, Sudan, where those with the least offer their guests the most  NPR

"Hunger Must Never Be a Weapon Of War": UN Chief On Gaza, Sudan Crisis - NDTV"Hunger Must Never Be a Weapon Of War": UN Chief On Gaza, Sudan Crisis  NDTV

Exiled by war, Sudan’s women find freedom from female genital mutilation - The Christian Science MonitorExiled by war, Sudan’s women find freedom from female genital mutilation  The Christian Science Monitor

The impact of Sudan’s war on women, two years on - UN WomenThe impact of Sudan’s war on women, two years on  UN Women

The hurdles for RSF parallel government in war-torn Sudan - The EastAfricanThe hurdles for RSF parallel government in war-torn Sudan  The EastAfrican

Rubio, Egyptian foreign minister discuss Gaza, Sudan - Anadolu AjansiRubio, Egyptian foreign minister discuss Gaza, Sudan  Anadolu Ajansi

Sudan: Surge in Darfur displacement pushes Tawila into full-scale crisis, cholera spreading - nrc.noSudan: Surge in Darfur displacement pushes Tawila into full-scale crisis, cholera spreading  nrc.no

Sudan civil war: RSF storms cattle market and prison in 'death trap' city - BBCSudan civil war: RSF storms cattle market and prison in 'death trap' city  BBC

Insight: Sudan's Islamists plot post-war comeback by supporting army - ReutersInsight: Sudan's Islamists plot post-war comeback by supporting army  Reuters

US Secretary of State Rubio, Egyptian foreign minister discuss Gaza, Sudan - TRT GlobalUS Secretary of State Rubio, Egyptian foreign minister discuss Gaza, Sudan  TRT Global

"Peacemaker" Trump Enters Sudan War | Firstpost Africa | N18G - Firstpost"Peacemaker" Trump Enters Sudan War | Firstpost Africa | N18G  Firstpost

Sudan conflict: War crimes being committed in Darfur, ICC believes - BBCSudan conflict: War crimes being committed in Darfur, ICC believes  BBC

Sudan’s army, RSF, locked in volatile battle for strategic Kordofan region - Sudan TribuneSudan’s army, RSF, locked in volatile battle for strategic Kordofan region  Sudan Tribune

UN fact-finding mission says Sudan conflict escalating, aid weaponised - Al JazeeraUN fact-finding mission says Sudan conflict escalating, aid weaponised  Al Jazeera

Sudan’s health crisis: holding the line - emro.who.intSudan’s health crisis: holding the line  emro.who.int

Sudan: UNICEF condemns weekend attacks that killed 35 children - UN NewsSudan: UNICEF condemns weekend attacks that killed 35 children  UN News

Today's top news: Occupied Palestinian Territory, Somalia, Haiti, Sudan, Pacific tsunami warnings - OCHAToday's top news: Occupied Palestinian Territory, Somalia, Haiti, Sudan, Pacific tsunami warnings  OCHA

Sudan: foreign interests are deepening a devastating war – only regional diplomacy can stop them - The ConversationSudan: foreign interests are deepening a devastating war – only regional diplomacy can stop them  The Conversation

10 Sudan’s RSF Announces Parallel Government as Internally Displaced People Face Famine and Disease - Democracy Now!10 Sudan’s RSF Announces Parallel Government as Internally Displaced People Face Famine and Disease  Democracy Now!

Darfur governor accuses Sudan officials of abandoning region in war with RSF - Sudan TribuneDarfur governor accuses Sudan officials of abandoning region in war with RSF  Sudan Tribune

Sudan: After 2 Years of War, Global Action Needed - Human Rights WatchSudan: After 2 Years of War, Global Action Needed  Human Rights Watch

Sudan | World Food Programme - UN World Food ProgrammeSudan | World Food Programme  UN World Food Programme

Think Change episode 77: corporate humanitarianism? Gaza, Sudan and beyond - ODI: Think changeThink Change episode 77: corporate humanitarianism? Gaza, Sudan and beyond  ODI: Think change

Sudan: UN Human Rights Chief appalled by widespread extrajudicial killings in Khartoum - ohchrSudan: UN Human Rights Chief appalled by widespread extrajudicial killings in Khartoum  ohchr

Scores killed in Sudan’s Kordofan region as fighting intensifies - UN NewsScores killed in Sudan’s Kordofan region as fighting intensifies  UN News

Sudan’s new parallel government undeterred by lack of recognition, official says - Sudan TribuneSudan’s new parallel government undeterred by lack of recognition, official says  Sudan Tribune

Forgotten and Neglected, War-Torn Sudan Has Become the World’s Leading Displacement Crisis - migrationpolicy.orgForgotten and Neglected, War-Torn Sudan Has Become the World’s Leading Displacement Crisis  migrationpolicy.org

Sudan’s humanitarian crisis worsens amid escalating violence in Kordofan and Darfur - AP NewsSudan’s humanitarian crisis worsens amid escalating violence in Kordofan and Darfur  AP News

TotalEnergies CAF CHAN 2024: Sudan team profile - cafonline.comTotalEnergies CAF CHAN 2024: Sudan team profile  cafonline.com

US deports eight men to South Sudan after legal battle - BBCUS deports eight men to South Sudan after legal battle  BBC

South Sudan turns US deportations to its diplomatic advantage - RFISouth Sudan turns US deportations to its diplomatic advantage  RFI

5 dead in clashes between Uganda, S Sudan - Hürriyet Daily News5 dead in clashes between Uganda, S Sudan  Hürriyet Daily News

Iran decries ‘destructive’ rival government in Sudan, foreign interference - PressTVIran decries ‘destructive’ rival government in Sudan, foreign interference  PressTV

Uganda deploys more troops after border clash in Kajo-Keji - Radio TamazujUganda deploys more troops after border clash in Kajo-Keji  Radio Tamazuj

Sudan: UN warns of soaring displacement and looming floods - UN NewsSudan: UN warns of soaring displacement and looming floods  UN News

Sudanese coalition led by paramilitary RSF announces parallel government - ReutersSudanese coalition led by paramilitary RSF announces parallel government  Reuters

Eye on Africa - Sudan's paramilitary group RSF names parallel government - France 24Eye on Africa - Sudan's paramilitary group RSF names parallel government  France 24

AU rejects Sudan’s RSF-led parallel gov’t, warns of national fragmentation - The North Africa PostAU rejects Sudan’s RSF-led parallel gov’t, warns of national fragmentation  The North Africa Post

Eleven killed in Sudan gold mine collapse as civil war rages - Al JazeeraEleven killed in Sudan gold mine collapse as civil war rages  Al Jazeera

Iran expresses concern over escalating internal crisis in Sudan following announcement of parallel government - Islamic Republic of Iran Ministry of Foreign AffairsIran expresses concern over escalating internal crisis in Sudan following announcement of parallel government  Islamic Republic of Iran Ministry of Foreign Affairs

South Sudan National Day - U.S. Department of State (.gov)South Sudan National Day  U.S. Department of State (.gov)

In South Sudan, scourge of arbitrary detentions undermines fragile peace - ohchrIn South Sudan, scourge of arbitrary detentions undermines fragile peace  ohchr