Sudan

Country Sudan
Capital Khartoum
Continent Africa
Currency Sudanese pound(SDG)
Languages Arabic & English

Information

Introduction

Military regimes favoring Islamic-oriented governments have dominated national politics since independence from the UK in 1956. Sudan was embroiled in two prolonged civil wars during most of the remainder of the 20th century. These conflicts were rooted in northern economic, political, and social domination of largely non-Muslim, non-Arab southern Sudanese. The first civil war ended in 1972 but broke out again in 1983. The second war and famine-related effects resulted in more than four million people displaced and, according to rebel estimates, more than two million deaths over a period of two decades. Peace talks gained momentum in 2002-04 with the signing of several accords. The final North/South Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA), signed in January 2005, granted the southern rebels autonomy for six years followed by a referendum on independence for Southern Sudan. The referendum was held in January 2011 and indicated overwhelming support for independence. South Sudan became independent on 9 July 2011. Since southern independence Sudan has been combating rebels from the Sudan People's Liberation Movement-North (SPLM-N) in Southern Kordofan and Blue Nile states. A separate conflict, which broke out in the western region of Darfur in 2003, has displaced nearly two million people and caused an estimated 200,000 to 400,000 deaths. The UN took command of the Darfur peacekeeping operation from the African Union in December 2007. Peacekeeping troops have struggled to stabilize the situation, which has become increasingly regional in scope and has brought instability to eastern Chad. Sudan also has faced large refugee influxes from neighboring countries primarily Ethiopia and Chad. Armed conflict, poor transport infrastructure, and lack of government support have chronically obstructed the provision of humanitarian assistance to affected populations.

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References

Sudan - Wikipedia
Sudan - CIA World Fact Book
Sudan - BBC
Sudan - Timeline - BBC

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At least 11 killed in suspected RSF drone attack on Sudan displacement camp - Al JazeeraAt least 11 killed in suspected RSF drone attack on Sudan displacement camp  Al Jazeera

Flow of Sudan civil war refugees puts Chad camp under strain - Times of IndiaFlow of Sudan civil war refugees puts Chad camp under strain  Times of India

World's Only Research Centre On Mycetoma Destroyed In Sudan War - NDTVWorld's Only Research Centre On Mycetoma Destroyed In Sudan War  NDTV

Hundreds killed in Sudan’s camps for displaced people - UN NewsHundreds killed in Sudan’s camps for displaced people  UN News

Sudan faces world’s worst humanitarian crisis as second anniversary of war nears, UN says - Siasat.comSudan faces world’s worst humanitarian crisis as second anniversary of war nears, UN says  Siasat.com

Sudan war is a global crisis in the making - Arab NewsSudan war is a global crisis in the making  Arab News

Sudan, Texas: Large Dusty Tornado On Ground In Lamb County | Videos - Times NowSudan, Texas: Large Dusty Tornado On Ground In Lamb County | Videos  Times Now

More than 480 civilians killed in Sudan’s North Darfur over two weeks: UN - Al JazeeraMore than 480 civilians killed in Sudan’s North Darfur over two weeks: UN  Al Jazeera

At least 11 Sudanese killed in drone strike on displacement camp - Deccan HeraldAt least 11 Sudanese killed in drone strike on displacement camp  Deccan Herald

To Remove Or Not To Remove The Sudan Genocide Case From The ICJ’s General List By Provisional Measures Order - EJIL: Talk!To Remove Or Not To Remove The Sudan Genocide Case From The ICJ’s General List By Provisional Measures Order  EJIL: Talk!

Sudan situation ‘absolutely devastating’ as UN ramps up food aid - UN NewsSudan situation ‘absolutely devastating’ as UN ramps up food aid  UN News

Sudan war: People eating charcoal and leaves to survive, aid agency warns - BBCSudan war: People eating charcoal and leaves to survive, aid agency warns  BBC

More than 480 civilians killed in Sudan’s North Darfur in just two weeks, UN confirms - Maktoob MediaMore than 480 civilians killed in Sudan’s North Darfur in just two weeks, UN confirms  Maktoob Media

South Sudanese Cardinal Ameyu: ' We have lost a great man, our advocate' - Vatican NewsSouth Sudanese Cardinal Ameyu: ' We have lost a great man, our advocate'  Vatican News

?Self-perpetuating cycle: On the violence and crisis in Sudan - The Hindu?Self-perpetuating cycle: On the violence and crisis in Sudan  The Hindu

Sudan’s RSF shells army command in Khartoum - Sudan TribuneSudan’s RSF shells army command in Khartoum  Sudan Tribune

US warns 'serious consequences' over Russian naval base plans in Sudan - The Kyiv IndependentUS warns 'serious consequences' over Russian naval base plans in Sudan  The Kyiv Independent

Sudan: How war ravaged museums and priceless artefacts - BBCSudan: How war ravaged museums and priceless artefacts  BBC

Littlefield Tornado: Large Twister From Sudan Moves Southeast In Lamb County - Track Path - Times NowLittlefield Tornado: Large Twister From Sudan Moves Southeast In Lamb County - Track Path  Times Now

Sudan situation ‘absolutely devastating’ as UN ramps up food aid - Department of Political and Peacebuilding AffairsSudan situation ‘absolutely devastating’ as UN ramps up food aid  Department of Political and Peacebuilding Affairs

More than 30 killed in latest attack in Sudan’s Darfur region: Monitor - Al JazeeraMore than 30 killed in latest attack in Sudan’s Darfur region: Monitor  Al Jazeera

Sudan war: Hundreds of thousands flee renewed violence in North Darfur - UN NewsSudan war: Hundreds of thousands flee renewed violence in North Darfur  UN News

Forced displacement in Sudan’s North Darfur overwhelming aid operations: UN - Al JazeeraForced displacement in Sudan’s North Darfur overwhelming aid operations: UN  Al Jazeera

Two years into Sudan’s war, where is its civil society? - Al JazeeraTwo years into Sudan’s war, where is its civil society?  Al Jazeera

Sudan: Türk gravely concerned at rising civilian deaths and widespread sexual violence in North Darfur [EN/AR] - ReliefWebSudan: Türk gravely concerned at rising civilian deaths and widespread sexual violence in North Darfur [EN/AR]  ReliefWeb

Sudan faces world’s worst humanitarian crisis as second anniversary of war nears, UN says - Daily ExcelsiorSudan faces world’s worst humanitarian crisis as second anniversary of war nears, UN says  Daily Excelsior

Sudan, Texas: Large Dusty Tornado On Ground In Lamp County | Videos - MSNSudan, Texas: Large Dusty Tornado On Ground In Lamp County | Videos  MSN

Sudan: After 2 Years of War, Global Action Needed - Human Rights WatchSudan: After 2 Years of War, Global Action Needed  Human Rights Watch

Littlefield Tornado: Large Twister From Sudan Moves Southeast In Lamb County - Track Path - MSNLittlefield Tornado: Large Twister From Sudan Moves Southeast In Lamb County - Track Path  MSN

60 militants from paramilitary RSF killed in North Darfur city, Sudan’s army says - Anadolu Ajansi60 militants from paramilitary RSF killed in North Darfur city, Sudan’s army says  Anadolu Ajansi

Sudan and South Sudan conflicts: Fleeing civilians trapped in border town of Renk - BBCSudan and South Sudan conflicts: Fleeing civilians trapped in border town of Renk  BBC

Any Hope Left for Diplomacy in Sudan? - Crisis GroupAny Hope Left for Diplomacy in Sudan?  Crisis Group

Sudan, Mauritania discuss IMF support - Agência de Notícias Brasil-ÁrabeSudan, Mauritania discuss IMF support  Agência de Notícias Brasil-Árabe

Sudan war has created suffering of ‘industrial proportions’, aid agencies warn - UN NewsSudan war has created suffering of ‘industrial proportions’, aid agencies warn  UN News

At least 11 Sudanese killed in drone strike on displacement camp - ReutersAt least 11 Sudanese killed in drone strike on displacement camp  Reuters

Drone strike on power station cuts electricity in 2 Sudan states - Middle East MonitorDrone strike on power station cuts electricity in 2 Sudan states  Middle East Monitor

Activists call for UAE boycott over its backing for the RSF in Sudan - Middle East EyeActivists call for UAE boycott over its backing for the RSF in Sudan  Middle East Eye

What is the regional impact of the war in Sudan? - Al JazeeraWhat is the regional impact of the war in Sudan?  Al Jazeera

Humanitarian situation continues to deteriorate in El Fasher, Sudan - UN NewsHumanitarian situation continues to deteriorate in El Fasher, Sudan  UN News

What Sudan's Cholera Outbreak Reveals About Its Fragile Health System - Think Global HealthWhat Sudan's Cholera Outbreak Reveals About Its Fragile Health System  Think Global Health

How New Palouch–Malakal Road in South Sudan’s Upper Nile State Is Accelerating Travel, Boosting Tourism Opportunities, A Ground Report - Travel And Tour WorldHow New Palouch–Malakal Road in South Sudan’s Upper Nile State Is Accelerating Travel, Boosting Tourism Opportunities, A Ground Report  Travel And Tour World

Sudan’s crisis and the sound of international silence - Genocide WatchSudan’s crisis and the sound of international silence  Genocide Watch

Number of children in need of humanitarian assistance in Sudan doubles as conflict enters third year amid ‘perfect storm’ of threats to children - UnicefNumber of children in need of humanitarian assistance in Sudan doubles as conflict enters third year amid ‘perfect storm’ of threats to children  Unicef

Sudan gold smuggling poses EU questions on future reconstruction - EUobserverSudan gold smuggling poses EU questions on future reconstruction  EUobserver

World Food Programme to reduce food support in Sudan due to funding shortages - ReutersWorld Food Programme to reduce food support in Sudan due to funding shortages  Reuters

G7 Foreign Ministers’ Statement Marking Two Years Since the Beginning of the Devastating War in Sudan - U.S. Department of State (.gov)G7 Foreign Ministers’ Statement Marking Two Years Since the Beginning of the Devastating War in Sudan  U.S. Department of State (.gov)

World Court begins hearing Sudan’s case accusing United Arab Emirates of ‘complicity in genocide’ - UN NewsWorld Court begins hearing Sudan’s case accusing United Arab Emirates of ‘complicity in genocide’  UN News

Two years of war in Sudan: How the SAF is gaining the upper hand - ACLED (Armed Conflict Location and Event Data)Two years of war in Sudan: How the SAF is gaining the upper hand  ACLED (Armed Conflict Location and Event Data)

Disease outbreak kills five in southern Khartoum - Sudan TribuneDisease outbreak kills five in southern Khartoum  Sudan Tribune

Sudan - Future of Music 2025 - Rolling Stone IndiaSudan - Future of Music 2025  Rolling Stone India

Sudan: UN Human Rights Chief appalled by widespread extrajudicial killings in Khartoum - ohchrSudan: UN Human Rights Chief appalled by widespread extrajudicial killings in Khartoum  ohchr

Desperate situation for people fleeing Zamzam camp in Sudan - MSFDesperate situation for people fleeing Zamzam camp in Sudan  MSF

Sudan doctors: RSF killed 74 civilians in West Kordofan - Middle East MonitorSudan doctors: RSF killed 74 civilians in West Kordofan  Middle East Monitor

Sudan crisis: RSF paramilitaries declare rival government - BBCSudan crisis: RSF paramilitaries declare rival government  BBC

Sudan: 15 million children require humanitarian assistance after two years of war - UN NewsSudan: 15 million children require humanitarian assistance after two years of war  UN News

Nan ba da jimawa ba al'ummar Sudan zasu yi fama da matsananciyar yunwa-WFP - RFINan ba da jimawa ba al'ummar Sudan zasu yi fama da matsananciyar yunwa-WFP  RFI

Sudan war: ‘Darkest chapters’ ahead as Darfur massacre claims over 100 lives - UN NewsSudan war: ‘Darkest chapters’ ahead as Darfur massacre claims over 100 lives  UN News

Rise in violence against civilians in South Sudan - UN NewsRise in violence against civilians in South Sudan  UN News

Sudan war destroys world's only research centre on skin disease mycetoma: director - France 24Sudan war destroys world's only research centre on skin disease mycetoma: director  France 24

South Sudan: Conflict and hunger push millions to the brink - UN NewsSouth Sudan: Conflict and hunger push millions to the brink  UN News

UN food agency reaches 4M in Sudan but warns of deepening hunger crisis - Anadolu AjansiUN food agency reaches 4M in Sudan but warns of deepening hunger crisis  Anadolu Ajansi

Sudan: “We have nothing to go back to”– new report sheds light on two years of devastation in Sudan - ICRC | International Committee of the Red CrossSudan: “We have nothing to go back to”– new report sheds light on two years of devastation in Sudan  ICRC | International Committee of the Red Cross

The humanitarian crisis in Sudan explained - nrc.noThe humanitarian crisis in Sudan explained  nrc.no

RSF drone strike kills 11, hits power facility in north Sudan - Sudan TribuneRSF drone strike kills 11, hits power facility in north Sudan  Sudan Tribune

Sudan's RSF kill more than 30 people in latest attack in Darfur, activists say - Euronews.comSudan's RSF kill more than 30 people in latest attack in Darfur, activists say  Euronews.com

Sudan civil war: despite appearances this is not a failed state – yet - The ConversationSudan civil war: despite appearances this is not a failed state – yet  The Conversation

60 RSF fighters killed in North Darfur city, Sudan’s army says - Middle East Monitor60 RSF fighters killed in North Darfur city, Sudan’s army says  Middle East Monitor

UN Urges Ceasefire as Fighting Flares Between South Sudan Rivals - BloombergUN Urges Ceasefire as Fighting Flares Between South Sudan Rivals  Bloomberg

UN: Sudan's Zamzam displacement camp ‘nearly emptied’ after RSF takeover - Middle East MonitorUN: Sudan's Zamzam displacement camp ‘nearly emptied’ after RSF takeover  Middle East Monitor

Two years of relentless conflict in Sudan have triggered the world’s worst humanitarian crisis for 6 million displaced women and girls - unwomen.orgTwo years of relentless conflict in Sudan have triggered the world’s worst humanitarian crisis for 6 million displaced women and girls  unwomen.org

Sudan faces unprecedented hunger and displacement as war enters third year - UN NewsSudan faces unprecedented hunger and displacement as war enters third year  UN News

Death, displacement and devastation – two years of war in Sudan - The GuardianDeath, displacement and devastation – two years of war in Sudan  The Guardian

More than 200 civilians killed as Sudan’s RSF attacks Darfur displacement camps - The GuardianMore than 200 civilians killed as Sudan’s RSF attacks Darfur displacement camps  The Guardian

‘We’re suffering’: UN to reduce food help to Sudan over huge cash shortfall - South China Morning Post‘We’re suffering’: UN to reduce food help to Sudan over huge cash shortfall  South China Morning Post

Two years of war in Sudan: a devastating combination of record displacement and dwindling aid - UNHCR - The UN Refugee AgencyTwo years of war in Sudan: a devastating combination of record displacement and dwindling aid  UNHCR - The UN Refugee Agency

European weapons in Sudan (1/5): Bulgarian mortar shells in Darfur’s desert - France 24European weapons in Sudan (1/5): Bulgarian mortar shells in Darfur’s desert  France 24

Sudan war: Dozens killed in attacks on famine-hit Darfur camps - BBCSudan war: Dozens killed in attacks on famine-hit Darfur camps  BBC

South Sudan's military recaptures key town from White Army militia - ReutersSouth Sudan's military recaptures key town from White Army militia  Reuters

European weapons in Sudan (2/5): A €50 million Emirati contract - France 24European weapons in Sudan (2/5): A €50 million Emirati contract  France 24

Desert locust outbreaks continue in Northwestern Africa - ReliefWebDesert locust outbreaks continue in Northwestern Africa  ReliefWeb

Sudan paramilitary declares rival government two years into civil war - Al JazeeraSudan paramilitary declares rival government two years into civil war  Al Jazeera

Early moments shattered in Sudan - UnicefEarly moments shattered in Sudan  Unicef

Sudan’s RSF claims control of famine-hit Zamzam camp in Darfur - Al JazeeraSudan’s RSF claims control of famine-hit Zamzam camp in Darfur  Al Jazeera

UN voices concern over latest S.Sudan clashes as civilians flee - Bangladesh Sangbad Sangstha (BSS)UN voices concern over latest S.Sudan clashes as civilians flee  Bangladesh Sangbad Sangstha (BSS)

Sudan’s RSF accused of ‘sickening’ sexual violence on women, girls: Report - Al JazeeraSudan’s RSF accused of ‘sickening’ sexual violence on women, girls: Report  Al Jazeera

At least 23 children and 9 aid workers reportedly killed in Al Fasher, Abu Shouk and Zamzam camps in North Darfur, Sudan - UnicefAt least 23 children and 9 aid workers reportedly killed in Al Fasher, Abu Shouk and Zamzam camps in North Darfur, Sudan  Unicef

Israel said worried as Abraham Accords partner Sudan grows closer to Iran - The Times of IsraelIsrael said worried as Abraham Accords partner Sudan grows closer to Iran  The Times of Israel

WFP to reduce food support in Sudan as funding shortages bite - TRT GlobalWFP to reduce food support in Sudan as funding shortages bite  TRT Global

European weapons in Sudan (5/5): Europeans still making deals with Emirati firm diverting weapons - France 24European weapons in Sudan (5/5): Europeans still making deals with Emirati firm diverting weapons  France 24

Sudan’s paramilitary forces declare rival government two years after civil war erupts - France 24Sudan’s paramilitary forces declare rival government two years after civil war erupts  France 24

Sudan: Displacement from Zamzam camp, North Darfur State - Flash Update No. 2 (As of 24 April 2025) - ReliefWebSudan: Displacement from Zamzam camp, North Darfur State - Flash Update No. 2 (As of 24 April 2025)  ReliefWeb

Hundreds killed in Sudan’s camps for displaced people - Department of Political and Peacebuilding AffairsHundreds killed in Sudan’s camps for displaced people  Department of Political and Peacebuilding Affairs

Pope appeals for end to war in Sudan - Vatican NewsPope appeals for end to war in Sudan  Vatican News

Sudan paramilitaries kill at least 100 people in Darfur attack, UN says - Al JazeeraSudan paramilitaries kill at least 100 people in Darfur attack, UN says  Al Jazeera

Libya's Refugee Crisis: Sudan's War Spillover Fuels Human Rights Catastrophe - Jobaaj StoriesLibya's Refugee Crisis: Sudan's War Spillover Fuels Human Rights Catastrophe  Jobaaj Stories

UNICEF / SUDAN CHILDREN NUTRITION - UN MediaUNICEF / SUDAN CHILDREN NUTRITION  UN Media

UN Boosts Aid Amid Devastating Sudan Crisis - Mirage NewsUN Boosts Aid Amid Devastating Sudan Crisis  Mirage News

Sudan accuses UAE of 'complicity in genocide' at ICJ - BBCSudan accuses UAE of 'complicity in genocide' at ICJ  BBC

Sudan conflict: BBC smuggles phones into el-Fasher to uncover hunger and fear - BBCSudan conflict: BBC smuggles phones into el-Fasher to uncover hunger and fear  BBC

Two years on: Sudan’s civil war spreads amid worsening humanitarian disaster - World Socialist Web SiteTwo years on: Sudan’s civil war spreads amid worsening humanitarian disaster  World Socialist Web Site