Rwanda

Country Rwanda
Capital Kigali
Continent Africa
Currency Rwandan franc(RWF)
Languages Kinyarwanda, French & English

Information

Introduction

In 1959, three years before independence from Belgium, the majority ethnic group, the Hutus, overthrew the ruling Tutsi king. Over the next several years, thousands of Tutsis were killed, and some 150,000 driven into exile in neighboring countries. The children of these exiles later formed a rebel group, the Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF), and began a civil war in 1990. The war, along with several political and economic upheavals, exacerbated ethnic tensions, culminating in April 1994 in the genocide of roughly 800,000 Tutsis and moderate Hutus. The Tutsi rebels defeated the Hutu regime and ended the killing in July 1994, but approximately 2 million Hutu refugees - many fearing Tutsi retribution - fled to neighboring Burundi, Tanzania, Uganda, and Zaire. Since then, most of the refugees have returned to Rwanda, but several thousand remained in the neighboring Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC; the former Zaire) and formed an extremist insurgency bent on retaking Rwanda, much as the RPF tried in 1990. Rwanda held its first local elections in 1999 and its first post-genocide presidential and legislative elections in 2003. Rwanda in 2009 staged a joint military operation with the Congolese Army in DRC to rout out the Hutu extremist insurgency there and Kigali and Kinshasa restored diplomatic relations. Rwanda also joined the Commonwealth in late 2009.

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References

Rwanda - Wikipedia
Rwanda - CIA World Fact Book
Rwanda - BBC
Rwanda - Timeline - BBC

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WFP Rwanda Country Brief, September 2025 - ReliefWebWFP Rwanda Country Brief, September 2025  ReliefWeb

Rwanda leads Africa in rule of law, report says| The New Times - The New TimesRwanda leads Africa in rule of law, report says| The New Times  The New Times

Igikomangoma Spéciose Mukabayojo: Umukobwa w'Umwami Musinga w'u Rwanda, yatabarutse ku myaka 93 - BBCIgikomangoma Spéciose Mukabayojo: Umukobwa w'Umwami Musinga w'u Rwanda, yatabarutse ku myaka 93  BBC

Luxury tourism is a risky strategy for African economies – new study of Botswana, Mauritius, Rwanda - The ConversationLuxury tourism is a risky strategy for African economies – new study of Botswana, Mauritius, Rwanda  The Conversation

Rwanda unveils Rwf19bn ECD initiative| The New Times - The New TimesRwanda unveils Rwf19bn ECD initiative| The New Times  The New Times

Rwanda: CANAL+, Hope and Homes partner to uplift children with disabilities| The New Times - The New TimesRwanda: CANAL+, Hope and Homes partner to uplift children with disabilities| The New Times  The New Times

50,000 households to get LPG gas kits under Rwanda-Saudi initiative| The New Times - The New Times50,000 households to get LPG gas kits under Rwanda-Saudi initiative| The New Times  The New Times

Rwanda climbs in latest Absa Financial Markets Index| The New Times - The New TimesRwanda climbs in latest Absa Financial Markets Index| The New Times  The New Times

One Sudanese club withdraws from joining Rwanda Premier League| The New Times - The New TimesOne Sudanese club withdraws from joining Rwanda Premier League| The New Times  The New Times

Rwandans with dwarfism call for more inclusion| The New Times - The New TimesRwandans with dwarfism call for more inclusion| The New Times  The New Times

Rwanda Unveils Strategic Digital FDI Report to Drive Investment in Cloud, Fintech, and Data Infrastructure - TechAfrica NewsRwanda Unveils Strategic Digital FDI Report to Drive Investment in Cloud, Fintech, and Data Infrastructure  TechAfrica News

From obstacles to outcomes: Transforming breast cancer care in Rwanda - DevexFrom obstacles to outcomes: Transforming breast cancer care in Rwanda  Devex

Rwanda - Health, Welfare, Development - BritannicaRwanda - Health, Welfare, Development  Britannica

Democratic Republic of the Congo and Rwanda Sign a Peace Agreement - ASILDemocratic Republic of the Congo and Rwanda Sign a Peace Agreement  ASIL

MOZAMBIQUE CHIEF OF GENERAL STAFF VISITS THE RWANDA SECURITY FORCES IN MOCÍMBOA DA PRAIA - Rwanda Defence ForceMOZAMBIQUE CHIEF OF GENERAL STAFF VISITS THE RWANDA SECURITY FORCES IN MOCÍMBOA DA PRAIA  Rwanda Defence Force

DRC says EU’s minerals deal with Rwanda is ‘obvious double standard’ | Democratic Republic of the Congo - The GuardianDRC says EU’s minerals deal with Rwanda is ‘obvious double standard’ | Democratic Republic of the Congo  The Guardian

Rwandan journalist draws ire of political top brass - dw.comRwandan journalist draws ire of political top brass  dw.com

Bank Group lauds Rwanda's momentum on transformative Muvumba Dam project - African Development Bank GroupBank Group lauds Rwanda's momentum on transformative Muvumba Dam project  African Development Bank Group

Cardinal in Rwanda Calls for “strong governance, transparency" to Curb Exploitation of Africa’s Natural Resources - aciafrica.orgCardinal in Rwanda Calls for “strong governance, transparency" to Curb Exploitation of Africa’s Natural Resources  aciafrica.org

Never Again: Reflecting on 30 Years Since Genocide against the Tutsi in Rwanda - United Nations in IndiaNever Again: Reflecting on 30 Years Since Genocide against the Tutsi in Rwanda  United Nations in India

Syria explores Rwanda’s experience on the path to transitional justice - Enab Baladi - Enab BaladiSyria explores Rwanda’s experience on the path to transitional justice - Enab Baladi  Enab Baladi

A bold doctor sent her kids away and helped beat one of the world's deadliest viruses - NPRA bold doctor sent her kids away and helped beat one of the world's deadliest viruses  NPR

International Day of Reflection on the 1994 Genocide against the Tutsi in Rwanda - unesco.orgInternational Day of Reflection on the 1994 Genocide against the Tutsi in Rwanda  unesco.org

Top Sudanese clubs to play league football in Rwanda - The New ArabTop Sudanese clubs to play league football in Rwanda  The New Arab

Rwanda and DCO unveil digital FDI report to accelerate investment and innovation - ZAWYARwanda and DCO unveil digital FDI report to accelerate investment and innovation  ZAWYA

Rwanda - Genocide, Reconciliation, Recovery - BritannicaRwanda - Genocide, Reconciliation, Recovery  Britannica

Rwanda: Disaster Risk Finance Diagnostic (DFR), February 2025 - ReliefWebRwanda: Disaster Risk Finance Diagnostic (DFR), February 2025  ReliefWeb

Rwanda genocide of 1994 | Summary, History, Date, Background, Deaths, & Facts - BritannicaRwanda genocide of 1994 | Summary, History, Date, Background, Deaths, & Facts  Britannica

Rwanda genocide of 1994 - Aftermath, Reconciliation, Survivors - BritannicaRwanda genocide of 1994 - Aftermath, Reconciliation, Survivors  Britannica

War economy: How M23’s rise fuels trade between Rwanda, Uganda, eastern Congo ? - ZAWYAWar economy: How M23’s rise fuels trade between Rwanda, Uganda, eastern Congo ?  ZAWYA

Turning point or pointless turn: Will DR Congo-Rwanda deal bring peace? - Al JazeeraTurning point or pointless turn: Will DR Congo-Rwanda deal bring peace?  Al Jazeera

Africa's energy giant expands $560m investment to tackle imports, deforestation in Rwanda - Business Insider AfricaAfrica's energy giant expands $560m investment to tackle imports, deforestation in Rwanda  Business Insider Africa

Airtel Africa Foundation Partners with ITU to Boost Digital Skills in Rwanda - TechTrendsKEAirtel Africa Foundation Partners with ITU to Boost Digital Skills in Rwanda  TechTrendsKE

Cycling Event Can’t Override Rwanda’s Abuses - Human Rights WatchCycling Event Can’t Override Rwanda’s Abuses  Human Rights Watch

Congo, Rwanda will not sign economic deal this week in setback for peace process - ReutersCongo, Rwanda will not sign economic deal this week in setback for peace process  Reuters

Rwanda genocide of 1994 - Ethnic Conflict, Hutu-Tutsi, Massacres - BritannicaRwanda genocide of 1994 - Ethnic Conflict, Hutu-Tutsi, Massacres  Britannica

Marburg Virus Disease in Rwanda, 2024 — Public Health and Clinical Responses - NEJMMarburg Virus Disease in Rwanda, 2024 — Public Health and Clinical Responses  NEJM

DR Congo's M23 conflict: What is the fighting about and is Rwanda involved? - BBCDR Congo's M23 conflict: What is the fighting about and is Rwanda involved?  BBC

UN experts cast blame on Rwanda and Uganda. What are they doing in DRC? - Al JazeeraUN experts cast blame on Rwanda and Uganda. What are they doing in DRC?  Al Jazeera

Noella Nibakuze Reshapes Rwanda’s Design Identity - Hospitality DesignNoella Nibakuze Reshapes Rwanda’s Design Identity  Hospitality Design

Sustainable water management solutions in Yanze river basin, Rwanda – KnoWat project - Food and Agriculture OrganizationSustainable water management solutions in Yanze river basin, Rwanda – KnoWat project  Food and Agriculture Organization

Rwandan Prisoner of Conscience Victoire Ingabire - CounterPunch.orgRwandan Prisoner of Conscience Victoire Ingabire  CounterPunch.org

Rwanda’s President Turns to Sport to Give Tarnished Image a Makeover - The Wall Street JournalRwanda’s President Turns to Sport to Give Tarnished Image a Makeover  The Wall Street Journal

Joint Statement on the Second Joint Oversight Committee Meeting for the Peace Agreement between the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Republic of Rwanda - U.S. Department of State (.gov)Joint Statement on the Second Joint Oversight Committee Meeting for the Peace Agreement between the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Republic of Rwanda  U.S. Department of State (.gov)

DR Congo and Rwanda to sign peace agreement on June 27 - Al JazeeraDR Congo and Rwanda to sign peace agreement on June 27  Al Jazeera

Call for EOIs: Implementation of UNICEF-supported WASH Interventions in Rwanda - fundsforNGOsCall for EOIs: Implementation of UNICEF-supported WASH Interventions in Rwanda  fundsforNGOs

Rwanda’s image abroad: how western countries are beginning to turn their backs - The ConversationRwanda’s image abroad: how western countries are beginning to turn their backs  The Conversation

DR Congo-Rwanda peace deal: How Trump wants US companies to cash in - BBCDR Congo-Rwanda peace deal: How Trump wants US companies to cash in  BBC

HIV and TB Overview: Rwanda - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention | CDC (.gov)HIV and TB Overview: Rwanda  Centers for Disease Control and Prevention | CDC (.gov)

The United States Hosts Signing of Declaration of Principles Between the Government of the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Government of Rwanda - U.S. Department of State (.gov)The United States Hosts Signing of Declaration of Principles Between the Government of the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Government of Rwanda  U.S. Department of State (.gov)

Rwanda president unsure if DRC peace deal will hold, warns against ‘tricks’ - Al JazeeraRwanda president unsure if DRC peace deal will hold, warns against ‘tricks’  Al Jazeera

Security Council urges Rwanda to stop supporting M23 in eastern DR Congo - UN NewsSecurity Council urges Rwanda to stop supporting M23 in eastern DR Congo  UN News

Kwibuka: Rwanda 1994 - Remembering the genocide against the Tutsi. Photo essay - unesco.orgKwibuka: Rwanda 1994 - Remembering the genocide against the Tutsi. Photo essay  unesco.org

Can Trump really bulldoze his way to peace in the DRC? - The Africa Report.comCan Trump really bulldoze his way to peace in the DRC?  The Africa Report.com

Critical Minerals, Fragile Peace: The DRC-Rwanda Deal and the Cost of Ignoring Root Causes - CSIS | Center for Strategic and International StudiesCritical Minerals, Fragile Peace: The DRC-Rwanda Deal and the Cost of Ignoring Root Causes  CSIS | Center for Strategic and International Studies

Arsenal in discussions over extending Visit Rwanda sponsorship deal - The Athletic - The New York TimesArsenal in discussions over extending Visit Rwanda sponsorship deal - The Athletic  The New York Times

Rwanda and DR Congo agree draft peace deal to end conflict - BBCRwanda and DR Congo agree draft peace deal to end conflict  BBC

Tapestry Collection Expands with Zaria Court Kigali in Kigali, Rwanda - Hospitality NetTapestry Collection Expands with Zaria Court Kigali in Kigali, Rwanda  Hospitality Net

DR Congo: FARDC yahakanye ibirego bya AFC/M23 ko ikomeje intambara - BBCDR Congo: FARDC yahakanye ibirego bya AFC/M23 ko ikomeje intambara  BBC

Are African countries aware of their own mineral wealth? Ghana and Rwanda offer two very different answers - The ConversationAre African countries aware of their own mineral wealth? Ghana and Rwanda offer two very different answers  The Conversation

Rwanda agrees to take up to 250 migrants deported from the US, spokesperson tells the BBC - BBCRwanda agrees to take up to 250 migrants deported from the US, spokesperson tells the BBC  BBC

UN reflects on the 1994 genocide against the Tutsi in Rwanda - UN NewsUN reflects on the 1994 genocide against the Tutsi in Rwanda  UN News

Rwanda Travel Advice & Safety - SmartravellerRwanda Travel Advice & Safety  Smartraveller

DR Congo-Rwanda ceasefire deal still faces many challenges - BBCDR Congo-Rwanda ceasefire deal still faces many challenges  BBC

The DR Congo-Rwanda Deal: Now Comes the Hard Part - International Crisis GroupThe DR Congo-Rwanda Deal: Now Comes the Hard Part  International Crisis Group

Scepticism in Goma over peace deal between DR Congo and Rwanda - BBCScepticism in Goma over peace deal between DR Congo and Rwanda  BBC

Rwanda confirms talks with US over receiving deported migrants - Al JazeeraRwanda confirms talks with US over receiving deported migrants  Al Jazeera

DR Congo, Rwanda agree to draft peace deal by May 2 - Al JazeeraDR Congo, Rwanda agree to draft peace deal by May 2  Al Jazeera

2024 Investment Climate Statements: Rwanda - U.S. Department of State (.gov)2024 Investment Climate Statements: Rwanda  U.S. Department of State (.gov)

DRC and Rwanda to strike Trump-brokered peace deal: All to know - Al JazeeraDRC and Rwanda to strike Trump-brokered peace deal: All to know  Al Jazeera

Conflict in the Democratic Republic of Congo | Global Conflict Tracker - Council on Foreign RelationsConflict in the Democratic Republic of Congo | Global Conflict Tracker  Council on Foreign Relations

Digital FDI roadmap offers guidance on cross-border data flows - Cyprus MailDigital FDI roadmap offers guidance on cross-border data flows  Cyprus Mail

Hilton Brings Stylish Tapestry Collection to Sub-Saharan Africa with New Hotels in South Africa, Kenya, and Rwanda - Travel And Tour WorldHilton Brings Stylish Tapestry Collection to Sub-Saharan Africa with New Hotels in South Africa, Kenya, and Rwanda  Travel And Tour World

Secretary of State Marco Rubio at the Signing of the DRC-Rwanda Peace Agreement - U.S. Department of State (.gov)Secretary of State Marco Rubio at the Signing of the DRC-Rwanda Peace Agreement  U.S. Department of State (.gov)

Rwanda severs ties with Belgium over DR Congo conflict - BBCRwanda severs ties with Belgium over DR Congo conflict  BBC

The long arm of Kigali: Rwanda’s use of organized crime for geopolitical interests - Global Initiative against Transnational Organized Crime (GI-TOC)The long arm of Kigali: Rwanda’s use of organized crime for geopolitical interests  Global Initiative against Transnational Organized Crime (GI-TOC)

Rwanda, M23 and Goma: Déjà-vu - ISPIRwanda, M23 and Goma: Déjà-vu  ISPI

Rwanda received migrants deported from the US earlier this month - ReutersRwanda received migrants deported from the US earlier this month  Reuters

Rwanda pulls out of regional bloc over DR Congo row - BBCRwanda pulls out of regional bloc over DR Congo row  BBC

Exclusive: Congo, Rwanda eye October start to security measures under Trump-backed peace deal - ReutersExclusive: Congo, Rwanda eye October start to security measures under Trump-backed peace deal  Reuters

Rwanda accepts seven people from US as part of deportation deal - The GuardianRwanda accepts seven people from US as part of deportation deal  The Guardian

‘People need a break’: DRC conflict reignites dark memories of Congo wars - Al Jazeera‘People need a break’: DRC conflict reignites dark memories of Congo wars  Al Jazeera

Senegal and Rwanda achieve WHO Maturity Level 3 in medicines regulation - World Health Organization (WHO)Senegal and Rwanda achieve WHO Maturity Level 3 in medicines regulation  World Health Organization (WHO)

Rwanda severs diplomatic ties with Belgium - Al JazeeraRwanda severs diplomatic ties with Belgium  Al Jazeera

Rwanda-US migrant deal's first group of deportees arrive, says spokesperson - BBCRwanda-US migrant deal's first group of deportees arrive, says spokesperson  BBC

Community comes together for children - The Nugget NewspaperCommunity comes together for children  The Nugget Newspaper

Rwanda at a glance - Food and Agriculture OrganizationRwanda at a glance  Food and Agriculture Organization

Somalia and Rwanda sign cooperation agreement to strengthen bilateral ties - Hiiraan Online:: Somali newsSomalia and Rwanda sign cooperation agreement to strengthen bilateral ties  Hiiraan Online:: Somali news

THE FIRST EVER PFL AFRICA SEMIFINALS ARE SET FOR RWANDA - PFLTHE FIRST EVER PFL AFRICA SEMIFINALS ARE SET FOR RWANDA  PFL

Decades After Genocide, Rwanda Emerges as Aggressive Regional Power - WSJ - The Wall Street JournalDecades After Genocide, Rwanda Emerges as Aggressive Regional Power - WSJ  The Wall Street Journal

Guterres welcomes peace deal between DR Congo and Rwanda - UN NewsGuterres welcomes peace deal between DR Congo and Rwanda  UN News

South Africa 3-0 Rwanda: Bafana Bafana pip Nigeria to World Cup qualification - BBCSouth Africa 3-0 Rwanda: Bafana Bafana pip Nigeria to World Cup qualification  BBC

How Rwanda is beating back hepatitis B - Gavi, the Vaccine AllianceHow Rwanda is beating back hepatitis B  Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance

Rwanda, Congo sign peace deal in US to end fighting, attract investment - ReutersRwanda, Congo sign peace deal in US to end fighting, attract investment  Reuters

As the DRC battles Rwanda-backed M23, what’s needed to stop the fighting? - Al JazeeraAs the DRC battles Rwanda-backed M23, what’s needed to stop the fighting?  Al Jazeera

Exclusive: Rwanda reached deal with US to take in up to 250 migrants, government says - ReutersExclusive: Rwanda reached deal with US to take in up to 250 migrants, government says  Reuters

DR Congo: M23 Mass Killings Near Virunga National Park - Human Rights WatchDR Congo: M23 Mass Killings Near Virunga National Park  Human Rights Watch

Rwanda and Belgium are at odds over the DRC: what’s led to the latest low point - The ConversationRwanda and Belgium are at odds over the DRC: what’s led to the latest low point  The Conversation

DR Congo and Rwanda call for ceasefire in conflict with M23 rebels - BBCDR Congo and Rwanda call for ceasefire in conflict with M23 rebels  BBC

Rwanda FM Says DRC Engaged in "Grotesque Comedy" Over FDLR - KT PRESSRwanda FM Says DRC Engaged in "Grotesque Comedy" Over FDLR  KT PRESS