Rwanda

Country Rwanda
Capital Kigali
Continent Africa
Currency Rwandan franc(RWF)
Languages Kinyarwanda, French & English

Information

Introduction

In 1959, three years before independence from Belgium, the majority ethnic group, the Hutus, overthrew the ruling Tutsi king. Over the next several years, thousands of Tutsis were killed, and some 150,000 driven into exile in neighboring countries. The children of these exiles later formed a rebel group, the Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF), and began a civil war in 1990. The war, along with several political and economic upheavals, exacerbated ethnic tensions, culminating in April 1994 in the genocide of roughly 800,000 Tutsis and moderate Hutus. The Tutsi rebels defeated the Hutu regime and ended the killing in July 1994, but approximately 2 million Hutu refugees - many fearing Tutsi retribution - fled to neighboring Burundi, Tanzania, Uganda, and Zaire. Since then, most of the refugees have returned to Rwanda, but several thousand remained in the neighboring Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC; the former Zaire) and formed an extremist insurgency bent on retaking Rwanda, much as the RPF tried in 1990. Rwanda held its first local elections in 1999 and its first post-genocide presidential and legislative elections in 2003. Rwanda in 2009 staged a joint military operation with the Congolese Army in DRC to rout out the Hutu extremist insurgency there and Kigali and Kinshasa restored diplomatic relations. Rwanda also joined the Commonwealth in late 2009.

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References

Rwanda - Wikipedia
Rwanda - CIA World Fact Book
Rwanda - BBC
Rwanda - Timeline - BBC

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DR Congo and Rwanda vow to agree peace plan by 2 May - BBC
  1. DR Congo and Rwanda vow to agree peace plan by 2 May  BBC
  2. Rubio to host signing of agreement between Rwanda, DR Congo  The Hindu
  3. DR Congo n'u Rwanda vyumvikanye gushika ku masezerano y'amahoro mu misi mike  BBC


New York beekeeper accused of concealing role in Rwanda genocide - The GuardianNew York beekeeper accused of concealing role in Rwanda genocide  The Guardian

Faustin Nsabumukunzi: Rwandan beekeeper arrested in US over genocide charges - BBCFaustin Nsabumukunzi: Rwandan beekeeper arrested in US over genocide charges  BBC

Hamptons Beekeeper Is Charged With Concealing a Genocidal Past in Rwanda - The New York TimesHamptons Beekeeper Is Charged With Concealing a Genocidal Past in Rwanda  The New York Times

The woman helping build Rwanda’s digital future - Gates FoundationThe woman helping build Rwanda’s digital future  Gates Foundation

Arsenal and Visit Rwanda: Gunners for Peace call on club to 'set aside financial gains' - BBCArsenal and Visit Rwanda: Gunners for Peace call on club to 'set aside financial gains'  BBC

Discovery of critically endangered bat in Rwanda leads to conservation talks - MongabayDiscovery of critically endangered bat in Rwanda leads to conservation talks  Mongabay

Trump begins removing migrants to RWANDA in 'humiliation' to UK less than year after Labour axed our scheme - The SunTrump begins removing migrants to RWANDA in 'humiliation' to UK less than year after Labour axed our scheme  The Sun

Rwanda to introduce household testing strategy against malaria spread - suryaa.comRwanda to introduce household testing strategy against malaria spread  suryaa.com

An bu?aci Arsenal da ta raba gari da ?asar Rwanda - BBCAn bu?aci Arsenal da ta raba gari da ?asar Rwanda  BBC

One cardinal, eight bishops: Pope Francis’ legacy in Rwanda| The New Times - The New TimesOne cardinal, eight bishops: Pope Francis’ legacy in Rwanda| The New Times  The New Times

Rwanda recalls French-manufactured aspirin over quality concerns| The New Times - The New TimesRwanda recalls French-manufactured aspirin over quality concerns| The New Times  The New Times

Rubio Prods Congo, Rwanda to Make Peace as Duo Agree to Deadline - MintRubio Prods Congo, Rwanda to Make Peace as Duo Agree to Deadline  Mint

The United States Hosts Signing of Declaration of Principles Between the Government of the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Government of Rwanda - U.S. Department of State (.gov)The United States Hosts Signing of Declaration of Principles Between the Government of the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Government of Rwanda  U.S. Department of State (.gov)

DR Congo, Rwanda agree to draft peace deal by May 2 - Al JazeeraDR Congo, Rwanda agree to draft peace deal by May 2  Al Jazeera

Congo and Rwanda sign pathway to peace in US-brokered agreement - ReutersCongo and Rwanda sign pathway to peace in US-brokered agreement  Reuters

Rwanda and DR Congo set May 2 deadline for peace deal - France 24Rwanda and DR Congo set May 2 deadline for peace deal  France 24

Rwanda genocide of 1994 | Summary, History, Date, Background, Deaths, & Facts - BritannicaRwanda genocide of 1994 | Summary, History, Date, Background, Deaths, & Facts  Britannica

US hosts DRC-Rwanda peace initiative - The Africa Report.comUS hosts DRC-Rwanda peace initiative  The Africa Report.com

Rwanda in Mozambique: Limits to civilian protection - ACLED (Armed Conflict Location and Event Data)Rwanda in Mozambique: Limits to civilian protection  ACLED (Armed Conflict Location and Event Data)

AI policies in Africa: lessons from Ghana and Rwanda - The ConversationAI policies in Africa: lessons from Ghana and Rwanda  The Conversation

Congo and Rwanda aim for peace as US eyes mineral deals - South China Morning PostCongo and Rwanda aim for peace as US eyes mineral deals  South China Morning Post

Rubio hosts signing of peace framework between Rwanda, DR Congo - upi.comRubio hosts signing of peace framework between Rwanda, DR Congo  upi.com

Congo and Rwanda agree on pathway to peace in US-brokered deal - ReutersCongo and Rwanda agree on pathway to peace in US-brokered deal  Reuters

Rwanda says it in talks with US on possible minerals deal - ReutersRwanda says it in talks with US on possible minerals deal  Reuters

DR Congo government and M23 rebels agree ceasefire after Qatar talks - BBCDR Congo government and M23 rebels agree ceasefire after Qatar talks  BBC

Bayern Munich silent on Rwanda as pressure grows - DWBayern Munich silent on Rwanda as pressure grows  DW

DR Congo da Rwanda sun ?ulla yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya - BBCDR Congo da Rwanda sun ?ulla yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya  BBC

Children of the Rwandan genocide face a unique stigma 30 years later - AeonChildren of the Rwandan genocide face a unique stigma 30 years later  Aeon

DR Congo, M23 rebels announce ceasefire after peace talks in Qatar - Al JazeeraDR Congo, M23 rebels announce ceasefire after peace talks in Qatar  Al Jazeera

Rwanda’s image abroad: how western countries are beginning to turn their backs - The ConversationRwanda’s image abroad: how western countries are beginning to turn their backs  The Conversation

UN reflects on the 1994 genocide against the Tutsi in Rwanda - UN NewsUN reflects on the 1994 genocide against the Tutsi in Rwanda  UN News

A New York man is charged with hiding his role in the Rwanda genocide to get US citizenship - CNNA New York man is charged with hiding his role in the Rwanda genocide to get US citizenship  CNN

Genocide against the Tutsi: UNESCO and Rwanda to step-up the role of education in the memorial sites - UNESCOGenocide against the Tutsi: UNESCO and Rwanda to step-up the role of education in the memorial sites  UNESCO

Congo and Rwanda to sign peace and economic development agreement in Washington - belganewsagency.euCongo and Rwanda to sign peace and economic development agreement in Washington  belganewsagency.eu

Rwanda and the DRC sign historic deal to replace violence with economic value chains - Business Insider AfricaRwanda and the DRC sign historic deal to replace violence with economic value chains  Business Insider Africa

US Envoy Urges Rwanda to Withdraw From DRC and Stop M23 Support - The Defense PostUS Envoy Urges Rwanda to Withdraw From DRC and Stop M23 Support  The Defense Post

Rwanda: Nduhungirehe - Washington Declaration 'Opens Door to Peace' in DR Congo - allAfrica.comRwanda: Nduhungirehe - Washington Declaration 'Opens Door to Peace' in DR Congo  allAfrica.com

DR Congo and Rwanda vow to agree peace plan within days - MSNDR Congo and Rwanda vow to agree peace plan within days  MSN

Rwanda and Belgium are at odds over the DRC: what’s led to the latest low point - The ConversationRwanda and Belgium are at odds over the DRC: what’s led to the latest low point  The Conversation

DRC, Rwanda agree on pathway to peace in US-mediated deal - TRT GlobalDRC, Rwanda agree on pathway to peace in US-mediated deal  TRT Global

Congo, M23 commit to work towards peace after Doha talks - ReutersCongo, M23 commit to work towards peace after Doha talks  Reuters

Rwanda says it in talks with US on possible minerals deal - YahooRwanda says it in talks with US on possible minerals deal  Yahoo

DRC Agrees to Ceasefire with Rwanda-Backed M23 Rebels - Democracy Now!DRC Agrees to Ceasefire with Rwanda-Backed M23 Rebels  Democracy Now!

Paris Saint-Germain and Visit Rwanda renew groundbreaking partnership through 2028 - Paris Saint-Germain official websiteParis Saint-Germain and Visit Rwanda renew groundbreaking partnership through 2028  Paris Saint-Germain official website

The Lonely Death of a Rwandan General - Human Rights WatchThe Lonely Death of a Rwandan General  Human Rights Watch

Congo and Rwanda look to sign a peace accord and the final day of mourning for Pope Francis - MonocleCongo and Rwanda look to sign a peace accord and the final day of mourning for Pope Francis  Monocle

Qatar welcomes signing of declaration of principles between DR Congo, Rwanda - The Peninsula QatarQatar welcomes signing of declaration of principles between DR Congo, Rwanda  The Peninsula Qatar

African mining interests at stake: China wades into DR Congo-Rwanda conflict - South China Morning PostAfrican mining interests at stake: China wades into DR Congo-Rwanda conflict  South China Morning Post

Rwanda to allow Southern Africa troops in Congo passage to Tanzania, diplomatic sources say - ReutersRwanda to allow Southern Africa troops in Congo passage to Tanzania, diplomatic sources say  Reuters

Congo, Rwanda take step towards peace with US accord amid mineral talks - The EastAfricanCongo, Rwanda take step towards peace with US accord amid mineral talks  The EastAfrican

Outreach Programme on the 1994 Genocide against the Tutsi in Rwanda and the United Nations - Welcome to the United NationsOutreach Programme on the 1994 Genocide against the Tutsi in Rwanda and the United Nations  Welcome to the United Nations

Congo and Rwanda agree on pathway to peace in US-brokered deal - marketscreener.comCongo and Rwanda agree on pathway to peace in US-brokered deal  marketscreener.com

‘In 13 years of his papacy, he gave us so much’: Rwandans mourn Pope Francis - MSN‘In 13 years of his papacy, he gave us so much’: Rwandans mourn Pope Francis  MSN

Arsenal fans protest against club’s Visit Rwanda deal with ‘Visit Tottenham’ campaign - The Athletic - The New York TimesArsenal fans protest against club’s Visit Rwanda deal with ‘Visit Tottenham’ campaign - The Athletic  The New York Times

Congo and M23 Agree to a Cease-Fire in Qatar - The New York TimesCongo and M23 Agree to a Cease-Fire in Qatar  The New York Times

Kwibuka 31 – Commemorative ceremony for the 1994 Genocide against the Tutsi in Rwanda - UNESCOKwibuka 31 – Commemorative ceremony for the 1994 Genocide against the Tutsi in Rwanda  UNESCO

Rwanda marks 1994 genocide amid tensions over M23 rebellion in DRC - RFIRwanda marks 1994 genocide amid tensions over M23 rebellion in DRC  RFI

New York beekeeper charged with concealing involvement in 1994 Rwandan genocide - USA TodayNew York beekeeper charged with concealing involvement in 1994 Rwandan genocide  USA Today

Rwanda’s Diocese of Cyangugu and DRC’s Archdiocese of Bukavu hail solidarity visit - Vatican NewsRwanda’s Diocese of Cyangugu and DRC’s Archdiocese of Bukavu hail solidarity visit  Vatican News

Congo, Rwanda prepare to sign peace and economic pact in U.S. amid talks on minerals deals - Business Insider AfricaCongo, Rwanda prepare to sign peace and economic pact in U.S. amid talks on minerals deals  Business Insider Africa

DRC conflict coltan entering EU via Rwandan smuggling routes, report finds - RFIDRC conflict coltan entering EU via Rwandan smuggling routes, report finds  RFI

Rwanda marks 31 years since genocide amid Congo tensions - Anadolu AjansiRwanda marks 31 years since genocide amid Congo tensions  Anadolu Ajansi

DR Congo govt, M23 rebels make joint pledge for cease-fire | Daily Sabah - Daily SabahDR Congo govt, M23 rebels make joint pledge for cease-fire | Daily Sabah  Daily Sabah

From Rwanda to Ecuador, these women are leading the shift to electric transport - UNEP - UN Environment ProgrammeFrom Rwanda to Ecuador, these women are leading the shift to electric transport  UNEP - UN Environment Programme

Rwandan genocide leader living as beekeeper in exclusive New York enclave arrested for alleged immigration violations - ABC NewsRwandan genocide leader living as beekeeper in exclusive New York enclave arrested for alleged immigration violations  ABC News

She survived Rwanda’s 1994 genocide. Now she promotes peace through education. - The Christian Science MonitorShe survived Rwanda’s 1994 genocide. Now she promotes peace through education.  The Christian Science Monitor

The US oversees a peace pledge for east Congo, hoping to ease its access to critical minerals - ABC NewsThe US oversees a peace pledge for east Congo, hoping to ease its access to critical minerals  ABC News

Security Council urges Rwanda to stop supporting M23 in eastern DR Congo - UN NewsSecurity Council urges Rwanda to stop supporting M23 in eastern DR Congo  UN News

Senegal and Rwanda achieve WHO Maturity Level 3 in medicines regulation - World Health Organization (WHO)Senegal and Rwanda achieve WHO Maturity Level 3 in medicines regulation  World Health Organization (WHO)

Dozens are reported killed in east Congo as the government and Rwanda-backed rebels trade blame - ABC NewsDozens are reported killed in east Congo as the government and Rwanda-backed rebels trade blame  ABC News

DRC-Rwanda deal in Washington more about minerals than peace: Analyst - SABC NewsDRC-Rwanda deal in Washington more about minerals than peace: Analyst  SABC News

Rwanda severs diplomatic ties with Belgium - Al JazeeraRwanda severs diplomatic ties with Belgium  Al Jazeera

Rwanda planning to attack Burundi, President Évariste Ndayishimiye tells BBC - BBCRwanda planning to attack Burundi, President Évariste Ndayishimiye tells BBC  BBC

DRC and Rwanda sign declaration of principles in Washington, paving way for historic peace deal - The Eastleigh VoiceDRC and Rwanda sign declaration of principles in Washington, paving way for historic peace deal  The Eastleigh Voice

Congo Wants Stiffer Sanctions on Rwanda, Envoy Tells UN Security Council - PassBlueCongo Wants Stiffer Sanctions on Rwanda, Envoy Tells UN Security Council  PassBlue

Arsenal fans launch ‘Visit Tottenham’ campaign in protest at Rwanda deal - The TelegraphArsenal fans launch ‘Visit Tottenham’ campaign in protest at Rwanda deal  The Telegraph

Ohio State to host Kwibuka event to commemorate 31st anniversary of genocide against Tutsi in Rwanda - The LanternOhio State to host Kwibuka event to commemorate 31st anniversary of genocide against Tutsi in Rwanda  The Lantern

M23 pushes deeper in east DRC, U.N. urges Rwanda forces to leave - The HinduM23 pushes deeper in east DRC, U.N. urges Rwanda forces to leave  The Hindu

DRC and Rwanda Sign U.S.-Brokered Declaration to End M23-Linked Conflict - ChimpReportsDRC and Rwanda Sign U.S.-Brokered Declaration to End M23-Linked Conflict  ChimpReports

U.S set to host Rwanda, D.R Congo peace talks, mineral investment deal - Business Insider AfricaU.S set to host Rwanda, D.R Congo peace talks, mineral investment deal  Business Insider Africa

Congo and Rwanda-backed rebels hold high-stakes talks in Qatar in a renewed push for peace - AP NewsCongo and Rwanda-backed rebels hold high-stakes talks in Qatar in a renewed push for peace  AP News

Why can Rwanda seemingly do no wrong? - Le Monde diplomatique - EnglishWhy can Rwanda seemingly do no wrong?  Le Monde diplomatique - English

Faustin Nsabumukunzi: Umuvumvu ukomoka mu Rwanda yatawe muri yombi muri US aregwa ibyaha bya jenoside - BBCFaustin Nsabumukunzi: Umuvumvu ukomoka mu Rwanda yatawe muri yombi muri US aregwa ibyaha bya jenoside  BBC

Rwanda, M23 and Goma: Déjà-vu - ISPIRwanda, M23 and Goma: Déjà-vu  ISPI

US official reaffirms Washington’s commitment to peace in East Africa during Rwanda visit - AP NewsUS official reaffirms Washington’s commitment to peace in East Africa during Rwanda visit  AP News

Why have Rwanda and Belgium cut diplomatic ties? - DWWhy have Rwanda and Belgium cut diplomatic ties?  DW

Congo and Rwanda agree on pathway to peace in US-brokered deal, signed agreement says - Yahoo News UKCongo and Rwanda agree on pathway to peace in US-brokered deal, signed agreement says  Yahoo News UK

At least 50 people killed in east Congo as government and Rwanda-backed rebels trade blame - AP NewsAt least 50 people killed in east Congo as government and Rwanda-backed rebels trade blame  AP News

Rwanda and DR Congo set May 2 deadline for peace deal - MSNRwanda and DR Congo set May 2 deadline for peace deal  MSN

EU parliament calls for end to Rwanda mineral pact over DRC conflict links - MongabayEU parliament calls for end to Rwanda mineral pact over DRC conflict links  Mongabay

Peace deal: Rwanda, DR Congo to sign 'declaration of principles' in Washington| The New Times - The New TimesPeace deal: Rwanda, DR Congo to sign 'declaration of principles' in Washington| The New Times  The New Times

Drc And Rwanda Sign Declaration Of Principles In Washington Paving Way For Historic Peace Deal - Latest News - The Eastleigh VoiceDrc And Rwanda Sign Declaration Of Principles In Washington Paving Way For Historic Peace Deal - Latest News  The Eastleigh Voice

EU Inaction Amidst Rwanda-Backed Atrocities in Eastern DR Congo - Human Rights WatchEU Inaction Amidst Rwanda-Backed Atrocities in Eastern DR Congo  Human Rights Watch

Rwanda severs ties with Belgium over DR Congo conflict - BBCRwanda severs ties with Belgium over DR Congo conflict  BBC

Beekeeper hid role in Rwandan genocide for green card, prosecutors say - The Washington PostBeekeeper hid role in Rwandan genocide for green card, prosecutors say  The Washington Post

Rwanda, Belgium cut ties over DR Congo conflict - France 24Rwanda, Belgium cut ties over DR Congo conflict  France 24

Rwanda - General DebateRwanda  General Debate

World Report 2025: Rights Trends in Rwanda - Human Rights WatchWorld Report 2025: Rights Trends in Rwanda  Human Rights Watch

New investigation suggests EU trader Traxys buys conflict minerals from DRC - Global WitnessNew investigation suggests EU trader Traxys buys conflict minerals from DRC  Global Witness

The Media and the Rwanda Genocide - IDRC - International Development Research CentreThe Media and the Rwanda Genocide  IDRC - International Development Research Centre

Rwanda is planning to attack - Burundi president - BBCRwanda is planning to attack - Burundi president  BBC