Rwanda

Country Rwanda
Capital Kigali
Continent Africa
Currency Rwandan franc(RWF)
Languages Kinyarwanda, French & English

Information

Introduction

In 1959, three years before independence from Belgium, the majority ethnic group, the Hutus, overthrew the ruling Tutsi king. Over the next several years, thousands of Tutsis were killed, and some 150,000 driven into exile in neighboring countries. The children of these exiles later formed a rebel group, the Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF), and began a civil war in 1990. The war, along with several political and economic upheavals, exacerbated ethnic tensions, culminating in April 1994 in the genocide of roughly 800,000 Tutsis and moderate Hutus. The Tutsi rebels defeated the Hutu regime and ended the killing in July 1994, but approximately 2 million Hutu refugees - many fearing Tutsi retribution - fled to neighboring Burundi, Tanzania, Uganda, and Zaire. Since then, most of the refugees have returned to Rwanda, but several thousand remained in the neighboring Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC; the former Zaire) and formed an extremist insurgency bent on retaking Rwanda, much as the RPF tried in 1990. Rwanda held its first local elections in 1999 and its first post-genocide presidential and legislative elections in 2003. Rwanda in 2009 staged a joint military operation with the Congolese Army in DRC to rout out the Hutu extremist insurgency there and Kigali and Kinshasa restored diplomatic relations. Rwanda also joined the Commonwealth in late 2009.

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References

Rwanda - Wikipedia
Rwanda - CIA World Fact Book
Rwanda - BBC
Rwanda - Timeline - BBC

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How Rwanda plans to make $7bn in export revenues| The New Times - The New TimesHow Rwanda plans to make $7bn in export revenues| The New Times  The New Times

Minister explains why Rwanda still needs petroleum products despite EV adoption| The New Times - The New TimesMinister explains why Rwanda still needs petroleum products despite EV adoption| The New Times  The New Times

Meteo Rwanda warns of floods, landslides in April| The New Times - The New TimesMeteo Rwanda warns of floods, landslides in April| The New Times  The New Times

UK returns over 24,000 migrants as Starmer scraps Rwanda deportation plan - Saudi GazetteUK returns over 24,000 migrants as Starmer scraps Rwanda deportation plan  Saudi Gazette

Electric vehicle dealers welcome Rwanda’s Rwf1.2bn carbon market project| The New Times - The New TimesElectric vehicle dealers welcome Rwanda’s Rwf1.2bn carbon market project| The New Times  The New Times

FEATURED: PMI Global Summit Series Africa 2025 returns to Rwanda| The New Times - The New TimesFEATURED: PMI Global Summit Series Africa 2025 returns to Rwanda| The New Times  The New Times

Rwanda expands solar power to electrify close to 1,000 schools by 2025| The New Times - The New TimesRwanda expands solar power to electrify close to 1,000 schools by 2025| The New Times  The New Times

New fintech platform aims to transform Rwanda’s saving culture| The New Times - The New TimesNew fintech platform aims to transform Rwanda’s saving culture| The New Times  The New Times

Kigali ring road project targets $335m in funding| The New Times - The New TimesKigali ring road project targets $335m in funding| The New Times  The New Times

Rwanda planning to attack Burundi, President Évariste Ndayishimiye tells BBC - BBCRwanda planning to attack Burundi, President Évariste Ndayishimiye tells BBC  BBC

Rwanda and Belgium are at odds over the DRC: what’s led to the latest low point - The ConversationRwanda and Belgium are at odds over the DRC: what’s led to the latest low point  The Conversation

Rwanda-backed rebels threaten to expand offensive in east Congo - Nagaland PostRwanda-backed rebels threaten to expand offensive in east Congo  Nagaland Post

Rwanda is planning to attack - Burundi president - BBCRwanda is planning to attack - Burundi president  BBC

Africa File, March 27, 2025: SAF Liberates Khartoum; Burundi and Rwanda Tensions - Institute for the Study of WarAfrica File, March 27, 2025: SAF Liberates Khartoum; Burundi and Rwanda Tensions  Institute for the Study of War

Qatar hosts talks between Congo and Rwanda, also meets with rebels, sources say - ReutersQatar hosts talks between Congo and Rwanda, also meets with rebels, sources say  Reuters

Maximum Pressure on Rwanda Represents a Strategic Critical Minerals Opportunity for the United States - The National InterestMaximum Pressure on Rwanda Represents a Strategic Critical Minerals Opportunity for the United States  The National Interest

Eye on Africa - Rwanda and DR Congo officials hold second round of talks as M23 meets mediators - France 24Eye on Africa - Rwanda and DR Congo officials hold second round of talks as M23 meets mediators  France 24

Rwanda Economy Sees Strong 2024 Growth Amid Challenges - Mirage NewsRwanda Economy Sees Strong 2024 Growth Amid Challenges  Mirage News

Congo Wants Stiffer Sanctions on Rwanda, Envoy Tells UN Security Council - PassBlueCongo Wants Stiffer Sanctions on Rwanda, Envoy Tells UN Security Council  PassBlue

M23 & Rwanda are trying to redraw the map and it's all about to blow - Responsible StatecraftM23 & Rwanda are trying to redraw the map and it's all about to blow  Responsible Statecraft

Rwanda severs diplomatic ties with Belgium - Al JazeeraRwanda severs diplomatic ties with Belgium  Al Jazeera

Strengthening Ties: Congressman Ronny Jackson’s Visit to Rwanda - U.S. Embassy in Rwanda (.gov)Strengthening Ties: Congressman Ronny Jackson’s Visit to Rwanda  U.S. Embassy in Rwanda (.gov)

DR Congo: Rwanda-backed M23 Rebels Announce Withdrawal From Walikale | Firstpost Africa | N18G - FirstpostDR Congo: Rwanda-backed M23 Rebels Announce Withdrawal From Walikale | Firstpost Africa | N18G  Firstpost

Is Keir Starmer falling into the Rwanda trap? - New StatesmanIs Keir Starmer falling into the Rwanda trap?  New Statesman

Rwanda bars non-state agencies from cooperating with Belgium - Anadolu AjansiRwanda bars non-state agencies from cooperating with Belgium  Anadolu Ajansi

Rwanda severs ties with Belgium over DR Congo conflict - BBCRwanda severs ties with Belgium over DR Congo conflict  BBC

Renewed fighting in DR Congo as regional powers step up ceasefire efforts - Al JazeeraRenewed fighting in DR Congo as regional powers step up ceasefire efforts  Al Jazeera

Rwanda, Belgium cut ties over DR Congo conflict - France 24Rwanda, Belgium cut ties over DR Congo conflict  France 24

Rwanda has moved people into model ‘green’ villages: is life better there? - The ConversationRwanda has moved people into model ‘green’ villages: is life better there?  The Conversation

Congo says it will join peace talks with Rwanda-backed rebels on Tuesday - ReutersCongo says it will join peace talks with Rwanda-backed rebels on Tuesday  Reuters

Rwanda Cuts Ties With Belgium Over Congo Conflict and E.U. Sanctions - The New York TimesRwanda Cuts Ties With Belgium Over Congo Conflict and E.U. Sanctions  The New York Times

Belgium, Rwanda expel diplomats over DR Congo conflict - DWBelgium, Rwanda expel diplomats over DR Congo conflict  DW

Burundi says Rwanda has a plan to attack it, Rwanda calls for calm - ReutersBurundi says Rwanda has a plan to attack it, Rwanda calls for calm  Reuters

DR Congo and Rwanda call for ceasefire in conflict with M23 rebels - BBCDR Congo and Rwanda call for ceasefire in conflict with M23 rebels  BBC

Rwanda suspends all Belgian aid and cooperation following diplomatic rift - belganewsagency.euRwanda suspends all Belgian aid and cooperation following diplomatic rift  belganewsagency.eu

From Rwanda to Ecuador, these women are leading the shift to electric transport - UNEP - UN Environment ProgrammeFrom Rwanda to Ecuador, these women are leading the shift to electric transport  UNEP - UN Environment Programme

Belgium condemns Rwandan fake news campaign about military deployment in Congo - belganewsagency.euBelgium condemns Rwandan fake news campaign about military deployment in Congo  belganewsagency.eu

Why have Rwanda and Belgium cut diplomatic ties? - DWWhy have Rwanda and Belgium cut diplomatic ties?  DW

‘People need a break’: DRC conflict reignites dark memories of Congo wars - Al Jazeera‘People need a break’: DRC conflict reignites dark memories of Congo wars  Al Jazeera

Burundi president claims Rwanda plans to incite war in his country - Euronews.comBurundi president claims Rwanda plans to incite war in his country  Euronews.com

Rwanda’s credit outlook shifted to negative by Moody’s, B2 ratings affirmed - Club of MozambiqueRwanda’s credit outlook shifted to negative by Moody’s, B2 ratings affirmed  Club of Mozambique

DR Congo conflict tests China's diplomatic balancing act - BBCDR Congo conflict tests China's diplomatic balancing act  BBC

Rwanda and DRC officials sit down for second round of talks as M23 meets mediators - France 24Rwanda and DRC officials sit down for second round of talks as M23 meets mediators  France 24

Will Qatar's mediation role bring peace to eastern Congo? - DWWill Qatar's mediation role bring peace to eastern Congo?  DW

Senegal and Rwanda achieve WHO Maturity Level 3 in medicines regulation - World Health Organization (WHO)Senegal and Rwanda achieve WHO Maturity Level 3 in medicines regulation  World Health Organization (WHO)

Afrik, a new decentralized finance platform for Africa’s Artificial Intelligence (AI) and digital future, set to engage policymakers at World Economic Forum’s Global Artificial Intelligence Summit in Rwanda - Africa.comAfrik, a new decentralized finance platform for Africa’s Artificial Intelligence (AI) and digital future, set to engage policymakers at World Economic Forum’s Global Artificial Intelligence Summit in Rwanda  Africa.com

Security Council urges Rwanda to stop supporting M23 in eastern DR Congo - UN NewsSecurity Council urges Rwanda to stop supporting M23 in eastern DR Congo  UN News

The Congo Crisis Deepens - Bloomberg.comThe Congo Crisis Deepens  Bloomberg.com

Olivier Nduhungirehe (Rwanda) on the Democratic Republic of Congo's Security Situation - UN MediaOlivier Nduhungirehe (Rwanda) on the Democratic Republic of Congo's Security Situation  UN Media

The Convoy — a survivor relives Rwanda’s genocide - Financial TimesThe Convoy — a survivor relives Rwanda’s genocide  Financial Times

Despite Congo Offensive, Rwanda Lures Athletes, Investors and Tourists - The New York TimesDespite Congo Offensive, Rwanda Lures Athletes, Investors and Tourists  The New York Times

Enough red flags have been ignored, EU must reconsider Rwanda relations - EUobserverEnough red flags have been ignored, EU must reconsider Rwanda relations  EUobserver

Germany stops new aid to Rwanda over Congo conflict - ReutersGermany stops new aid to Rwanda over Congo conflict  Reuters

Rwanda and Belgium expel each other's diplomats over Congo conflict - ReutersRwanda and Belgium expel each other's diplomats over Congo conflict  Reuters

Mapping the human toll of the conflict in DR Congo - Al JazeeraMapping the human toll of the conflict in DR Congo  Al Jazeera

Rwanda and Congo Clash as Major War Brews in Central Africa - Geopolitical MonitorRwanda and Congo Clash as Major War Brews in Central Africa  Geopolitical Monitor

As Kwibuka31 nears, Rwandans must stand firm, against all odds| The New Times - The New TimesAs Kwibuka31 nears, Rwandans must stand firm, against all odds| The New Times  The New Times

M23 rebels pull out of peace talks with Congo after EU sanctions - ReutersM23 rebels pull out of peace talks with Congo after EU sanctions  Reuters

Rwanda’s Attack on Congo Could Plunge Africa Into War - Foreign PolicyRwanda’s Attack on Congo Could Plunge Africa Into War  Foreign Policy

Rwanda and Belgium cut diplomatic ties as EU adopts sanctions - politico.euRwanda and Belgium cut diplomatic ties as EU adopts sanctions  politico.eu

Rwanda, M23 and Goma: Déjà-vu - ISPIRwanda, M23 and Goma: Déjà-vu  ISPI

Rwanda - General DebateRwanda  General Debate

Angola ends mediation role in the DRC-Rwanda conflict amid failed talk - AfricanewsAngola ends mediation role in the DRC-Rwanda conflict amid failed talk  Africanews

The steps toward a lasting peace between Rwanda and DRC, according to one activist - WBURThe steps toward a lasting peace between Rwanda and DRC, according to one activist  WBUR

Angola to mediate peace talks between DR Congo and Rwanda-backed M23 rebels - Euronews.comAngola to mediate peace talks between DR Congo and Rwanda-backed M23 rebels  Euronews.com

Rwanda’s Mining Sector Employment Surges Beyond Pre-COVID19 Levels - KT PRESSRwanda’s Mining Sector Employment Surges Beyond Pre-COVID19 Levels  KT PRESS

Angola Quits Mediation Role in the DR Congo-Rwanda Conflict | Firstpost Africa | N18G - FirstpostAngola Quits Mediation Role in the DR Congo-Rwanda Conflict | Firstpost Africa | N18G  Firstpost

Bringing Rwanda’s social protection practices onto the global stage - World Bank BlogsBringing Rwanda’s social protection practices onto the global stage  World Bank Blogs

EU acknowledges Rwanda's role in Congo crisis, but action delayed - AfricanewsEU acknowledges Rwanda's role in Congo crisis, but action delayed  Africanews

DR Congo accuses Rwanda of faking capture of fighters linked to genocide - BBCDR Congo accuses Rwanda of faking capture of fighters linked to genocide  BBC

Congo and Rwanda Called for a Cease-Fire in Their Deadly Conflict. What Now? - The New York TimesCongo and Rwanda Called for a Cease-Fire in Their Deadly Conflict. What Now?  The New York Times

World Report 2025: Rights Trends in Rwanda - Human Rights WatchWorld Report 2025: Rights Trends in Rwanda  Human Rights Watch

FEATURED: Global real estate franchise Immobilium expands to Rwanda| The New Times - The New TimesFEATURED: Global real estate franchise Immobilium expands to Rwanda| The New Times  The New Times

DR Congo: Rwanda-Backed M23 Target Journalists, Activists - Human Rights WatchDR Congo: Rwanda-Backed M23 Target Journalists, Activists  Human Rights Watch

Rwanda welcomes M23 rebels’ decision to withdraw from eastern DR Congo town of Walikale - Anadolu AjansiRwanda welcomes M23 rebels’ decision to withdraw from eastern DR Congo town of Walikale  Anadolu Ajansi

Rwanda turning to sport to polish international image - DWRwanda turning to sport to polish international image  DW

UN Security Council demands Rwanda withdraw troops from eastern DR Congo - France 24UN Security Council demands Rwanda withdraw troops from eastern DR Congo  France 24

Surviving the streets in Rwanda: How one child found her way back home - SOS Children's Villages CanadaSurviving the streets in Rwanda: How one child found her way back home  SOS Children's Villages Canada

Why can Rwanda seemingly do no wrong? - Le Monde diplomatique - EnglishWhy can Rwanda seemingly do no wrong?  Le Monde diplomatique - English

Global real estate franchise Immobilium expands to Rwanda| The New Times - The New TimesGlobal real estate franchise Immobilium expands to Rwanda| The New Times  The New Times

How Far Will Rwanda Go in Congo? - Foreign AffairsHow Far Will Rwanda Go in Congo?  Foreign Affairs

Bayern Munich and Rwanda: Why is sponsorship controversial? - DWBayern Munich and Rwanda: Why is sponsorship controversial?  DW

Nairobi symposium calls for peace ahead of 31st Rwandan Genocide commemoration - The Eastleigh VoiceNairobi symposium calls for peace ahead of 31st Rwandan Genocide commemoration  The Eastleigh Voice

DRC vs Rwanda at the African Court: why it could be a decisive moment for human rights and justice on the continent - The ConversationDRC vs Rwanda at the African Court: why it could be a decisive moment for human rights and justice on the continent  The Conversation

DR Congo conflict: What is the fighting in Goma about? - BBCDR Congo conflict: What is the fighting in Goma about?  BBC

US sanctions Rwanda minister over DRC fighting - Al JazeeraUS sanctions Rwanda minister over DRC fighting  Al Jazeera

Congo rebel leader says sanctions or minerals deal with the US won’t stop fighting in the east - AP NewsCongo rebel leader says sanctions or minerals deal with the US won’t stop fighting in the east  AP News

EU Inaction Amidst Rwanda-Backed Atrocities in Eastern DR Congo - Human Rights WatchEU Inaction Amidst Rwanda-Backed Atrocities in Eastern DR Congo  Human Rights Watch

Rwanda slams UK sanctions over DR Congo violence - Al JazeeraRwanda slams UK sanctions over DR Congo violence  Al Jazeera

As the DRC battles Rwanda-backed M23, what’s needed to stop the fighting? - Al JazeeraAs the DRC battles Rwanda-backed M23, what’s needed to stop the fighting?  Al Jazeera

World Cup: Rwanda squad close to clinching qualification - DWWorld Cup: Rwanda squad close to clinching qualification  DW

Rwanda tightens its grip over eastern Congo - The EconomistRwanda tightens its grip over eastern Congo  The Economist

Rwanda Keeps Getting Away With Sowing Chaos in Congo - Foreign PolicyRwanda Keeps Getting Away With Sowing Chaos in Congo  Foreign Policy

John Legend: US star defends Rwanda concert amid DR Congo war - BBCJohn Legend: US star defends Rwanda concert amid DR Congo war  BBC

Airtel Africa receives USD 100mln from IFC for Kenyan and Rwandan operations - TelecompaperAirtel Africa receives USD 100mln from IFC for Kenyan and Rwandan operations  Telecompaper

Institute for the Study of War - Institute for the Study of WarInstitute for the Study of War  Institute for the Study of War

DR Congo conflict: Rwanda calls US sanctions 'unjustified' - BBCDR Congo conflict: Rwanda calls US sanctions 'unjustified'  BBC

Amid DRC violence, Rwanda falsely accuses US, EU, UN of triggering hostilities - VOA - Voice of America English NewsAmid DRC violence, Rwanda falsely accuses US, EU, UN of triggering hostilities  VOA - Voice of America English News

Renewed fighting in eastern Congo as neighbours try to revive peace process - ReutersRenewed fighting in eastern Congo as neighbours try to revive peace process  Reuters

Inside RICA's first-ever Conservation Agriculture Symposium: stakeholders shaping a sustainable future| The New Times - The New TimesInside RICA's first-ever Conservation Agriculture Symposium: stakeholders shaping a sustainable future| The New Times  The New Times