Rwanda

Country Rwanda
Capital Kigali
Continent Africa
Currency Rwandan franc(RWF)
Languages Kinyarwanda, French & English

Information

Introduction

In 1959, three years before independence from Belgium, the majority ethnic group, the Hutus, overthrew the ruling Tutsi king. Over the next several years, thousands of Tutsis were killed, and some 150,000 driven into exile in neighboring countries. The children of these exiles later formed a rebel group, the Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF), and began a civil war in 1990. The war, along with several political and economic upheavals, exacerbated ethnic tensions, culminating in April 1994 in the genocide of roughly 800,000 Tutsis and moderate Hutus. The Tutsi rebels defeated the Hutu regime and ended the killing in July 1994, but approximately 2 million Hutu refugees - many fearing Tutsi retribution - fled to neighboring Burundi, Tanzania, Uganda, and Zaire. Since then, most of the refugees have returned to Rwanda, but several thousand remained in the neighboring Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC; the former Zaire) and formed an extremist insurgency bent on retaking Rwanda, much as the RPF tried in 1990. Rwanda held its first local elections in 1999 and its first post-genocide presidential and legislative elections in 2003. Rwanda in 2009 staged a joint military operation with the Congolese Army in DRC to rout out the Hutu extremist insurgency there and Kigali and Kinshasa restored diplomatic relations. Rwanda also joined the Commonwealth in late 2009.

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References

Rwanda - Wikipedia
Rwanda - CIA World Fact Book
Rwanda - BBC
Rwanda - Timeline - BBC

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Nigeria to join camp on Sept 1 ahead of Rwanda, South Africa WC qualifiers| The New Times - The New TimesNigeria to join camp on Sept 1 ahead of Rwanda, South Africa WC qualifiers| The New Times  The New Times

DR Congo: M23 ivuga ko raporo ya HRW ari 'ikinyoma', u Rwanda ruvuga ko RDF 'nta ho ihuriye' na byo - BBCDR Congo: M23 ivuga ko raporo ya HRW ari 'ikinyoma', u Rwanda ruvuga ko RDF 'nta ho ihuriye' na byo  BBC

Trump's alleged 'peace deal' in Congo Rwanda questioned as over 300 killed by militias - OpIndiaTrump's alleged 'peace deal' in Congo Rwanda questioned as over 300 killed by militias  OpIndia

DR Congo: M23 Mass Killings Near Virunga National Park - Human Rights WatchDR Congo: M23 Mass Killings Near Virunga National Park  Human Rights Watch

Central bank bullish about Rwanda's investment in gold reserves| The New Times - The New TimesCentral bank bullish about Rwanda's investment in gold reserves| The New Times  The New Times

Nyagatare: Heifer International Rwanda unveils new hub to accelerate smart farming| The New Times - The New TimesNyagatare: Heifer International Rwanda unveils new hub to accelerate smart farming| The New Times  The New Times

Rwanda slams 'sensational' Human Rights Watch report alleging killings in DR Congo| The New Times - The New TimesRwanda slams 'sensational' Human Rights Watch report alleging killings in DR Congo| The New Times  The New Times

Rwanda eyes billions of francs in honey exports| The New Times - The New TimesRwanda eyes billions of francs in honey exports| The New Times  The New Times

Rwanda Premier League season to kick off on September 12| The New Times - The New TimesRwanda Premier League season to kick off on September 12| The New Times  The New Times

Featured: NCBA tees off first junior golf series in Rwanda| The New Times - The New TimesFeatured: NCBA tees off first junior golf series in Rwanda| The New Times  The New Times

DRC, Rwanda agree economic framework outline as part of peace deal - Al JazeeraDRC, Rwanda agree economic framework outline as part of peace deal  Al Jazeera

Congo-Rwanda Peace Threated as Fighting Persists, UNSC Warns - Bloomberg.comCongo-Rwanda Peace Threated as Fighting Persists, UNSC Warns  Bloomberg.com

Rwanda-backed rebels massacred civilians in Congo, Human Rights Watch says - ReutersRwanda-backed rebels massacred civilians in Congo, Human Rights Watch says  Reuters

DR Congo conflict: M23 rebels killed 140 civilians despite peace process, Human Rights Watch says - BBCDR Congo conflict: M23 rebels killed 140 civilians despite peace process, Human Rights Watch says  BBC

French judges dismiss genocide case against Rwanda's former first lady - France 24French judges dismiss genocide case against Rwanda's former first lady  France 24

Which 6 wars did Trump claim to have 'ended' in the last six months? From Rwanda to Azerbaijan - Hindustan Times - Hindustan TimesWhich 6 wars did Trump claim to have 'ended' in the last six months? From Rwanda to Azerbaijan - Hindustan Times  Hindustan Times

Massacres in eastern Congo cast doubt on U.S. mediated peace deal - NPRMassacres in eastern Congo cast doubt on U.S. mediated peace deal  NPR

US companies rush into Congo before ink is dry on peace deal - Responsible StatecraftUS companies rush into Congo before ink is dry on peace deal  Responsible Statecraft

Japan-Rwanda Foreign Ministers’ Meeting - mofa.go.jpJapan-Rwanda Foreign Ministers’ Meeting  mofa.go.jp

Rwanda denies backing rebels in Congo civilian massacre - AnewZRwanda denies backing rebels in Congo civilian massacre  AnewZ

Rwanda central bank hikes its key repo rate to 6.75% - TradingViewRwanda central bank hikes its key repo rate to 6.75%  TradingView

Human Rights Watch Reports Mass Killings By Rwanda-Backed Rebels In Congo - StratNews GlobalHuman Rights Watch Reports Mass Killings By Rwanda-Backed Rebels In Congo  StratNews Global

DRC: Warring factions in eastern DRC commit horrific abuses including gang rapes, summary executions and abductions - Amnesty InternationalDRC: Warring factions in eastern DRC commit horrific abuses including gang rapes, summary executions and abductions  Amnesty International

Rwanda Women's Squad for T20 World Cup Africa Qualifier Announced, Marie Bimenyimana to Lead - Female CricketRwanda Women's Squad for T20 World Cup Africa Qualifier Announced, Marie Bimenyimana to Lead  Female Cricket

Trump, send your deportees to Europe not Africa - Al JazeeraTrump, send your deportees to Europe not Africa  Al Jazeera

Rwanda agrees to take up to 250 migrants deported from the US, spokesperson tells the BBC - BBCRwanda agrees to take up to 250 migrants deported from the US, spokesperson tells the BBC  BBC

At least 140 killed by Rwanda-backed rebels in eastern DR Congo, rights group says - France 24At least 140 killed by Rwanda-backed rebels in eastern DR Congo, rights group says  France 24

M23-DR Congo peace talks in Doha stalled: What next? - Al JazeeraM23-DR Congo peace talks in Doha stalled: What next?  Al Jazeera

Rwanda-backed M23 militia massacres 300 in DR Congo - Genocide WatchRwanda-backed M23 militia massacres 300 in DR Congo  Genocide Watch

Rwanda-backed rebels killed over 140 civilians in eastern Congo, rights group says - AP NewsRwanda-backed rebels killed over 140 civilians in eastern Congo, rights group says  AP News

UN experts cast blame on Rwanda and Uganda. What are they doing in DRC? - Al JazeeraUN experts cast blame on Rwanda and Uganda. What are they doing in DRC?  Al Jazeera

Chelle Names 31-Man Provisional Squad for World Cup Qualifiers Against Rwanda, South Africa - Africa Top SportsChelle Names 31-Man Provisional Squad for World Cup Qualifiers Against Rwanda, South Africa  Africa Top Sports

World Cup 2026 (Q): Eric Chelle unveils Nigeria's provisional squad for Rwanda and South Africa - ca.sports.yahoo.comWorld Cup 2026 (Q): Eric Chelle unveils Nigeria's provisional squad for Rwanda and South Africa  ca.sports.yahoo.com

Minerals for peace? How to make the Rwanda-DRC deal stick. - Human Rights WatchMinerals for peace? How to make the Rwanda-DRC deal stick.  Human Rights Watch

Rwanda, Congo hold first meeting of joint oversight committee under peace deal - ReutersRwanda, Congo hold first meeting of joint oversight committee under peace deal  Reuters

Rwanda says it reaches a deal with U.S. to take in up to 250 migrants - NBC NewsRwanda says it reaches a deal with U.S. to take in up to 250 migrants  NBC News

DR Congo, Rwanda sign peace deal in ‘turning point’ after years of conflict - Al JazeeraDR Congo, Rwanda sign peace deal in ‘turning point’ after years of conflict  Al Jazeera

Rwanda president unsure if DRC peace deal will hold, warns against ‘tricks’ - Al JazeeraRwanda president unsure if DRC peace deal will hold, warns against ‘tricks’  Al Jazeera

Nigel Farage to unveil ‘mass deportation’ plan and could revive Tories’ Rwanda deal - The IndependentNigel Farage to unveil ‘mass deportation’ plan and could revive Tories’ Rwanda deal  The Independent

WFP Rwanda Country Brief July 2025 - ReliefWebWFP Rwanda Country Brief July 2025  ReliefWeb

DR Congo-Rwanda peace deal: How Trump wants US companies to cash in - BBCDR Congo-Rwanda peace deal: How Trump wants US companies to cash in  BBC

DR Congo's M23 conflict: What is the fighting about and is Rwanda involved? - BBCDR Congo's M23 conflict: What is the fighting about and is Rwanda involved?  BBC

Turning point or pointless turn: Will DR Congo-Rwanda deal bring peace? - Al JazeeraTurning point or pointless turn: Will DR Congo-Rwanda deal bring peace?  Al Jazeera

DR Congo and Rwanda to sign peace agreement on June 27 - Al JazeeraDR Congo and Rwanda to sign peace agreement on June 27  Al Jazeera

Bayern Munich and Rwanda: A strategic climbdown? - dw.comBayern Munich and Rwanda: A strategic climbdown?  dw.com

Rwanda rejects accusations allied rebels in Congo massacred civilians - Cyprus MailRwanda rejects accusations allied rebels in Congo massacred civilians  Cyprus Mail

Rwanda’s Travel & Tourism Sector Broke all Records in 2024, reveals WTTC - World Travel & Tourism Council (WTTC)Rwanda’s Travel & Tourism Sector Broke all Records in 2024, reveals WTTC  World Travel & Tourism Council (WTTC)

Rwanda’s image abroad: how western countries are beginning to turn their backs - The ConversationRwanda’s image abroad: how western countries are beginning to turn their backs  The Conversation

The west ignores Rwanda’s dark side – and political prisoners like my mother pay the price | Rémy Amahirwa - The GuardianThe west ignores Rwanda’s dark side – and political prisoners like my mother pay the price | Rémy Amahirwa  The Guardian

Submission to the Universal Periodic Review of Rwanda - Human Rights WatchSubmission to the Universal Periodic Review of Rwanda  Human Rights Watch

Security Council urges Rwanda to stop supporting M23 in eastern DR Congo - UN NewsSecurity Council urges Rwanda to stop supporting M23 in eastern DR Congo  UN News

CDC in Rwanda - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention | CDC (.gov)CDC in Rwanda  Centers for Disease Control and Prevention | CDC (.gov)

The Rwanda-DRC peace deal must include the voices of the voiceless - Al JazeeraThe Rwanda-DRC peace deal must include the voices of the voiceless  Al Jazeera

DRC’s peace deal with Rwanda risks swapping war for resource exploitation - Al JazeeraDRC’s peace deal with Rwanda risks swapping war for resource exploitation  Al Jazeera

Rwanda agrees to accept ‘third-country’ deportations from the US - Al JazeeraRwanda agrees to accept ‘third-country’ deportations from the US  Al Jazeera

The United States Hosts Signing of Declaration of Principles Between the Government of the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Government of Rwanda - U.S. Department of State (.gov)The United States Hosts Signing of Declaration of Principles Between the Government of the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Government of Rwanda  U.S. Department of State (.gov)

Rwanda central bank hikes its key repo rate to 6.75% - Club of MozambiqueRwanda central bank hikes its key repo rate to 6.75%  Club of Mozambique

Rwanda-backed rebel group M23 denies role in Congo massacres - AP NewsRwanda-backed rebel group M23 denies role in Congo massacres  AP News

Rwanda central bank hikes its key repo rate to 6.75% - MarketScreenerRwanda central bank hikes its key repo rate to 6.75%  MarketScreener

Critical Minerals, Fragile Peace: The DRC-Rwanda Deal and the Cost of Ignoring Root Causes - CSIS | Center for Strategic and International StudiesCritical Minerals, Fragile Peace: The DRC-Rwanda Deal and the Cost of Ignoring Root Causes  CSIS | Center for Strategic and International Studies

French Judges Order Dismissal Of Genocide Case Against Rwanda Ex-president's Widow - Barron'sFrench Judges Order Dismissal Of Genocide Case Against Rwanda Ex-president's Widow  Barron's

Joint Statement on Peace Talks between the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Republic of Rwanda, Mediated by the United States and Observed by the State of Qatar - U.S. Department of State (.gov)Joint Statement on Peace Talks between the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Republic of Rwanda, Mediated by the United States and Observed by the State of Qatar  U.S. Department of State (.gov)

Rwanda’s Former First Lady Cleared as Paris Judges Dismiss Genocide Allegations - Africa.comRwanda’s Former First Lady Cleared as Paris Judges Dismiss Genocide Allegations  Africa.com

Kwibuka: Rwanda 1994 - Remembering the genocide against the Tutsi. Photo essay - UNESCOKwibuka: Rwanda 1994 - Remembering the genocide against the Tutsi. Photo essay  UNESCO

From Hotel Rwanda To Bitcoin: Anaïse Kanimba’s Fight For Freedom Enters A New Chapter - Bitcoin MagazineFrom Hotel Rwanda To Bitcoin: Anaïse Kanimba’s Fight For Freedom Enters A New Chapter  Bitcoin Magazine

Conflict in the Democratic Republic of Congo | Global Conflict Tracker - Council on Foreign RelationsConflict in the Democratic Republic of Congo | Global Conflict Tracker  Council on Foreign Relations

Senegal and Rwanda achieve WHO Maturity Level 3 in medicines regulation - World Health Organization (WHO)Senegal and Rwanda achieve WHO Maturity Level 3 in medicines regulation  World Health Organization (WHO)

Rwanda MPC raises MPR by 25bps to 6.75% - CNBC AfricaRwanda MPC raises MPR by 25bps to 6.75%  CNBC Africa

HIV and TB Overview: Rwanda - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention | CDC (.gov)HIV and TB Overview: Rwanda  Centers for Disease Control and Prevention | CDC (.gov)

DRC and Rwanda to strike Trump-brokered peace deal: All to know - Al JazeeraDRC and Rwanda to strike Trump-brokered peace deal: All to know  Al Jazeera

Costello, Moulare lead Côte d'Ivoire vs. Rwanda - fiba.basketballCostello, Moulare lead Côte d'Ivoire vs. Rwanda  fiba.basketball

Rwanda pulls out of regional bloc over DR Congo row - BBCRwanda pulls out of regional bloc over DR Congo row  BBC

DR Congo, Rwanda agree to draft peace deal by May 2 - Al JazeeraDR Congo, Rwanda agree to draft peace deal by May 2  Al Jazeera

UN reflects on the 1994 genocide against the Tutsi in Rwanda - UN NewsUN reflects on the 1994 genocide against the Tutsi in Rwanda  UN News

Vingegaard to skip cycling world championships in Rwanda - SportsDeskVingegaard to skip cycling world championships in Rwanda  SportsDesk

Rwanda and DR Congo agree draft peace deal to end conflict - BBCRwanda and DR Congo agree draft peace deal to end conflict  BBC

Club Atlético de Madrid - Visit Rwanda becomes new official Atleti sponsor - Página oficial del Atlético de MadridClub Atlético de Madrid - Visit Rwanda becomes new official Atleti sponsor  Página oficial del Atlético de Madrid

Outreach Programme on the 1994 Genocide against the Tutsi in Rwanda and the United Nations - Welcome to the United NationsOutreach Programme on the 1994 Genocide against the Tutsi in Rwanda and the United Nations  Welcome to the United Nations

DR Congo-Rwanda ceasefire deal still faces many challenges - BBCDR Congo-Rwanda ceasefire deal still faces many challenges  BBC

Rwanda, M23 and Goma: Déjà-vu - ISPIRwanda, M23 and Goma: Déjà-vu  ISPI

DR Congo and Rwanda sign long-awaited peace deal in Washington - BBCDR Congo and Rwanda sign long-awaited peace deal in Washington  BBC

Rwanda: A Risen Nation of 31 Years - VocalRwanda: A Risen Nation of 31 Years  Vocal

Experts react: The DRC and Rwanda agreed to a US-backed peace deal. Can critical minerals help end this conflict? - Atlantic CouncilExperts react: The DRC and Rwanda agreed to a US-backed peace deal. Can critical minerals help end this conflict?  Atlantic Council

Starmer must learn from Trump and consider Rwanda-style returns plan, says Labour MP - The TelegraphStarmer must learn from Trump and consider Rwanda-style returns plan, says Labour MP  The Telegraph

World Report 2025: Rights Trends in Rwanda - Human Rights WatchWorld Report 2025: Rights Trends in Rwanda  Human Rights Watch

Rwanda confirms talks with US over receiving deported migrants - Al JazeeraRwanda confirms talks with US over receiving deported migrants  Al Jazeera

Rwanda severs ties with Belgium over DR Congo conflict - BBCRwanda severs ties with Belgium over DR Congo conflict  BBC

Jonas Vingegaard skips World Championships in Rwanda, and focuses on different goal; National coach Mørkøv explains: "There's no arguing about it" - IDLprocycling.comJonas Vingegaard skips World Championships in Rwanda, and focuses on different goal; National coach Mørkøv explains: "There's no arguing about it"  IDLprocycling.com

Jonas Vingegaard skips World Championships in Rwanda, and focuses on different goal after Vuelta - MSNJonas Vingegaard skips World Championships in Rwanda, and focuses on different goal after Vuelta  MSN

Will the United States deport people to Rwanda? - Al JazeeraWill the United States deport people to Rwanda?  Al Jazeera

Guterres welcomes peace deal between DR Congo and Rwanda - UN NewsGuterres welcomes peace deal between DR Congo and Rwanda  UN News

Rwanda and Russia look to lock in influence as CAR president eyes third term - The GuardianRwanda and Russia look to lock in influence as CAR president eyes third term  The Guardian

DR Congo and Rwanda vow to agree peace plan by 2 May - BBCDR Congo and Rwanda vow to agree peace plan by 2 May  BBC

Rwanda severs diplomatic ties with Belgium - Al JazeeraRwanda severs diplomatic ties with Belgium  Al Jazeera

Puck Pieterse forgoes Rwanda Road Worlds to focus on title defense at Mountain Bike World Championships in Switzerland - CyclingnewsPuck Pieterse forgoes Rwanda Road Worlds to focus on title defense at Mountain Bike World Championships in Switzerland  Cyclingnews

Secretary of State Marco Rubio at the Signing of the DRC-Rwanda Peace Agreement - U.S. Department of State (.gov)Secretary of State Marco Rubio at the Signing of the DRC-Rwanda Peace Agreement  U.S. Department of State (.gov)

Rwanda-backed rebel group M23 denies role in Congo massacres - The IndependentRwanda-backed rebel group M23 denies role in Congo massacres  The Independent

Rwanda-backed rebel group M23 denies role in Congo massacres - MSNRwanda-backed rebel group M23 denies role in Congo massacres  MSN

The grid is weak. The bikes are electric. Rwanda is betting it'll work anyway - BBCThe grid is weak. The bikes are electric. Rwanda is betting it'll work anyway  BBC

Congo and Rwanda-backed rebels sign declaration of principles for permanent ceasefire - NPRCongo and Rwanda-backed rebels sign declaration of principles for permanent ceasefire  NPR