Rwanda

Country Rwanda
Capital Kigali
Continent Africa
Currency Rwandan franc(RWF)
Languages Kinyarwanda, French & English

Information

Introduction

In 1959, three years before independence from Belgium, the majority ethnic group, the Hutus, overthrew the ruling Tutsi king. Over the next several years, thousands of Tutsis were killed, and some 150,000 driven into exile in neighboring countries. The children of these exiles later formed a rebel group, the Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF), and began a civil war in 1990. The war, along with several political and economic upheavals, exacerbated ethnic tensions, culminating in April 1994 in the genocide of roughly 800,000 Tutsis and moderate Hutus. The Tutsi rebels defeated the Hutu regime and ended the killing in July 1994, but approximately 2 million Hutu refugees - many fearing Tutsi retribution - fled to neighboring Burundi, Tanzania, Uganda, and Zaire. Since then, most of the refugees have returned to Rwanda, but several thousand remained in the neighboring Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC; the former Zaire) and formed an extremist insurgency bent on retaking Rwanda, much as the RPF tried in 1990. Rwanda held its first local elections in 1999 and its first post-genocide presidential and legislative elections in 2003. Rwanda in 2009 staged a joint military operation with the Congolese Army in DRC to rout out the Hutu extremist insurgency there and Kigali and Kinshasa restored diplomatic relations. Rwanda also joined the Commonwealth in late 2009.

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References

Rwanda - Wikipedia
Rwanda - CIA World Fact Book
Rwanda - BBC
Rwanda - Timeline - BBC

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DRC, Rwanda agree economic framework outline as part of peace deal - Al JazeeraDRC, Rwanda agree economic framework outline as part of peace deal  Al Jazeera

DR Congo and Rwanda hold first talks since signing of peace deal - Al JazeeraDR Congo and Rwanda hold first talks since signing of peace deal  Al Jazeera

Rwanda-DR Congo: New deal for major economic partnerships in pipeline| The New Times - The New TimesRwanda-DR Congo: New deal for major economic partnerships in pipeline| The New Times  The New Times

US: Inama ya mbere y'urwego rw'ubugenzuzi ku masezerano y'amahoro ya DRC n'u Rwanda yateranye - BBCUS: Inama ya mbere y'urwego rw'ubugenzuzi ku masezerano y'amahoro ya DRC n'u Rwanda yateranye  BBC

Rwanda–Congo peace deal: First oversight committee meeting marks progress amid delays - FirstpostRwanda–Congo peace deal: First oversight committee meeting marks progress amid delays  Firstpost

Rwanda, Congo agree on outline for economic framework as part of peace deal By Reuters - Investing.comRwanda, Congo agree on outline for economic framework as part of peace deal By Reuters  Investing.com

DR Congo, Rwanda outline deal on mining, economic cooperation: US - Al Arabiya EnglishDR Congo, Rwanda outline deal on mining, economic cooperation: US  Al Arabiya English

Rwanda Parliament dismisses 'unfounded allegations' by Congo house speaker| The New Times - The New TimesRwanda Parliament dismisses 'unfounded allegations' by Congo house speaker| The New Times  The New Times

Rwandans celebrate national harvest day - XinhuaRwandans celebrate national harvest day  Xinhua

Imvo n'Imvano-Rwanda: Iyicarubozo rivugwa muri zimwe muri gereza zo muri icyo gihugu - BBCImvo n'Imvano-Rwanda: Iyicarubozo rivugwa muri zimwe muri gereza zo muri icyo gihugu  BBC

Joint Statement on the Inaugural Joint Oversight Committee Meeting for the Peace Agreement between the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Republic of Rwanda - U.S. Department of State (.gov)Joint Statement on the Inaugural Joint Oversight Committee Meeting for the Peace Agreement between the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Republic of Rwanda  U.S. Department of State (.gov)

DRCongo, Rwanda outline deal on mining, economic cooperation: US - RFIDRCongo, Rwanda outline deal on mining, economic cooperation: US  RFI

Rwanda, Congo hold first meeting of joint oversight committee under peace deal - ReutersRwanda, Congo hold first meeting of joint oversight committee under peace deal  Reuters

US hails first DRC-Rwanda talks since deal as 'significant step' - TRT GlobalUS hails first DRC-Rwanda talks since deal as 'significant step'  TRT Global

Rwanda, Sierra Leone stay on track for Women's T20 World Cup - ICCRwanda, Sierra Leone stay on track for Women's T20 World Cup  ICC

DR Congo-Rwanda peace deal: How Trump wants US companies to cash in - BBCDR Congo-Rwanda peace deal: How Trump wants US companies to cash in  BBC

How Rwanda mounted a research response with an investigational vaccine just ten days into a Marburg outbreak - NatureHow Rwanda mounted a research response with an investigational vaccine just ten days into a Marburg outbreak  Nature

Apostolic Nuncio Hopes Rwanda-DR Congo’s Multilateral Peace Agreement Will End Protracted Conflict - aciafrica.orgApostolic Nuncio Hopes Rwanda-DR Congo’s Multilateral Peace Agreement Will End Protracted Conflict  aciafrica.org

Rwandans celebrate national harvest day - XinhuaRwandans celebrate national harvest day  Xinhua

Rwanda, Congo agree on outline for economic integration framework as part of peace deal, US says - TradingViewRwanda, Congo agree on outline for economic integration framework as part of peace deal, US says  TradingView

Minerals for peace? How to make the Rwanda-DRC deal stick. - Human Rights WatchMinerals for peace? How to make the Rwanda-DRC deal stick.  Human Rights Watch

AFRICA/RWANDA - The 20th Plenary Assembly of the Symposium of the Episcopal Conferences of Africa and Madagascar (SECAM) opens - Agenzia FidesAFRICA/RWANDA - The 20th Plenary Assembly of the Symposium of the Episcopal Conferences of Africa and Madagascar (SECAM) opens  Agenzia Fides

Submission to the Universal Periodic Review of Rwanda - Human Rights WatchSubmission to the Universal Periodic Review of Rwanda  Human Rights Watch

UN experts cast blame on Rwanda and Uganda. What are they doing in DRC? - Al JazeeraUN experts cast blame on Rwanda and Uganda. What are they doing in DRC?  Al Jazeera

UAE, Malaysia, and Rwanda forge AI alliance to empower Global South - TV BRICSUAE, Malaysia, and Rwanda forge AI alliance to empower Global South  TV BRICS

Senegal vs Rwanda - Qualification to Quarter Finals - FIBA Women's AfroBasket 2025 - fiba.basketballSenegal vs Rwanda - Qualification to Quarter Finals - FIBA Women's AfroBasket 2025  fiba.basketball

Rwanda, Congo Hold First Post-Peace Deal Meeting as Security Delay Threatens Derailment - Medafrica TimesRwanda, Congo Hold First Post-Peace Deal Meeting as Security Delay Threatens Derailment  Medafrica Times

National Bank of Rwanda Eyes Digital Currency Future with Targeted CBDC Testing - TechAfrica NewsNational Bank of Rwanda Eyes Digital Currency Future with Targeted CBDC Testing  TechAfrica News

Rwanda, DR Congo hold first joint oversight meeting since US-brokered peace deal - TRT GlobalRwanda, DR Congo hold first joint oversight meeting since US-brokered peace deal  TRT Global

Rwanda president unsure if DRC peace deal will hold, warns against ‘tricks’ - Al JazeeraRwanda president unsure if DRC peace deal will hold, warns against ‘tricks’  Al Jazeera

Africa News Live Updates: From Rwanda's telecom trouble, Congo's oil row to South Africa's gun syndicate crackdown - FirstpostAfrica News Live Updates: From Rwanda's telecom trouble, Congo's oil row to South Africa's gun syndicate crackdown  Firstpost

Without Follow-Up, Trump’s DRC-Rwanda Deal Won’t Bring Peace - World Politics ReviewWithout Follow-Up, Trump’s DRC-Rwanda Deal Won’t Bring Peace  World Politics Review

Rwanda listed in new U.S. travel advisory amid global security review - Business Insider AfricaRwanda listed in new U.S. travel advisory amid global security review  Business Insider Africa

DRC, Rwanda hold 1st peace talks after decades of bloodshed | Daily Sabah - Daily SabahDRC, Rwanda hold 1st peace talks after decades of bloodshed | Daily Sabah  Daily Sabah

Rwanda Joins with Egypt, Mozambique, Haiti, Nigeria, Israel, Lebanon, Dominica Republic in List of New US Travel Warning for American Tourists, Now Full Guide is Here Where to Plan for Trip - Travel And Tour WorldRwanda Joins with Egypt, Mozambique, Haiti, Nigeria, Israel, Lebanon, Dominica Republic in List of New US Travel Warning for American Tourists, Now Full Guide is Here Where to Plan for Trip  Travel And Tour World

Rwanda v Sierra Leone | Match Highlights | Africa Qualifier Div 2 | ICC Women’s T20 World Cup 2026 - ICCRwanda v Sierra Leone | Match Highlights | Africa Qualifier Div 2 | ICC Women’s T20 World Cup 2026  ICC

CDC in Rwanda - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention | CDC (.gov)CDC in Rwanda  Centers for Disease Control and Prevention | CDC (.gov)

Rwanda, DRC hold first meeting since signing of US-brokered peace deal - TRT GlobalRwanda, DRC hold first meeting since signing of US-brokered peace deal  TRT Global

4 things every peace agreement needs – and how the DRC-Rwanda deal measures up - The Conversation4 things every peace agreement needs – and how the DRC-Rwanda deal measures up  The Conversation

Rwanda and Congo’s Unstable Peace - Foreign PolicyRwanda and Congo’s Unstable Peace  Foreign Policy

Trump says leaders of Rwanda, Congo will be coming to Washington - CNBC AfricaTrump says leaders of Rwanda, Congo will be coming to Washington  CNBC Africa

Congo and Rwanda-backed rebels sign declaration of principles for permanent ceasefire - NPRCongo and Rwanda-backed rebels sign declaration of principles for permanent ceasefire  NPR

Congo and Rwanda-backed rebels sign declaration of principles to end conflict in eastern Congo - AP NewsCongo and Rwanda-backed rebels sign declaration of principles to end conflict in eastern Congo  AP News

DR Congo, Rwanda sign peace deal in ‘turning point’ after years of conflict - Al JazeeraDR Congo, Rwanda sign peace deal in ‘turning point’ after years of conflict  Al Jazeera

Furthering Implementation of the Peace Agreement Between DR Congo and Rwanda - The Tanzania TimesFurthering Implementation of the Peace Agreement Between DR Congo and Rwanda  The Tanzania Times

SECAM: Plenary Assembly Backs Political Peace Efforts in Africa: Nuncio to Rwanda - AMECEASECAM: Plenary Assembly Backs Political Peace Efforts in Africa: Nuncio to Rwanda  AMECEA

Catholic Church Challenged to be “voice of conscience”, Promote Ethical Leadership at SECAM Plenary in Rwanda - aciafrica.orgCatholic Church Challenged to be “voice of conscience”, Promote Ethical Leadership at SECAM Plenary in Rwanda  aciafrica.org

DR Congo and Rwanda-backed M23 rebels sign ceasefire agreement in Qatar - France 24DR Congo and Rwanda-backed M23 rebels sign ceasefire agreement in Qatar  France 24

Rwanda's Kagame appoints central banker as new prime minister - ReutersRwanda's Kagame appoints central banker as new prime minister  Reuters

Genocide against the Tutsi: UNESCO and Rwanda to step-up the role of education in the memorial sites - UNESCOGenocide against the Tutsi: UNESCO and Rwanda to step-up the role of education in the memorial sites  UNESCO

The Take: Can the DRC-Rwanda deal deliver peace? - Al JazeeraThe Take: Can the DRC-Rwanda deal deliver peace?  Al Jazeera

Turning point or pointless turn: Will DR Congo-Rwanda deal bring peace? - Al JazeeraTurning point or pointless turn: Will DR Congo-Rwanda deal bring peace?  Al Jazeera

Explore a design-led eco-lodge in Rwanda’s Virunga Mountains - The SpacesExplore a design-led eco-lodge in Rwanda’s Virunga Mountains  The Spaces

Rwanda and Russia look to lock in influence as CAR president eyes third term - theguardian.comRwanda and Russia look to lock in influence as CAR president eyes third term  theguardian.com

DR Congo-Rwanda peace deal met with skepticism - DWDR Congo-Rwanda peace deal met with skepticism  DW

DRC’s peace deal with Rwanda risks swapping war for resource exploitation - Al JazeeraDRC’s peace deal with Rwanda risks swapping war for resource exploitation  Al Jazeera

Ishimwe's Star as Rwanda Dominates Sierra Leone to Win Africa Division Two Qualifier Final - Female CricketIshimwe's Star as Rwanda Dominates Sierra Leone to Win Africa Division Two Qualifier Final  Female Cricket

Rwanda: Menya bamwe mu bajenerali bakuru Kagame yashyize mu kiruhuko cy’izabukuru - BBCRwanda: Menya bamwe mu bajenerali bakuru Kagame yashyize mu kiruhuko cy’izabukuru  BBC

Real estate: Why Rwanda needs to regulate brokerage| The New Times - The New TimesReal estate: Why Rwanda needs to regulate brokerage| The New Times  The New Times

SECAM: Church in Africa to “Reinforce Moral Compass of Nations,” Says Rwanda Prime Minister - AMECEASECAM: Church in Africa to “Reinforce Moral Compass of Nations,” Says Rwanda Prime Minister  AMECEA

DRC and Rwanda to strike Trump-brokered peace deal: All to know - Al JazeeraDRC and Rwanda to strike Trump-brokered peace deal: All to know  Al Jazeera

Rwanda pulls out of regional bloc over DR Congo row - BBCRwanda pulls out of regional bloc over DR Congo row  BBC

Critical Minerals, Fragile Peace: The DRC-Rwanda Deal and the Cost of Ignoring Root Causes - CSIS | Center for Strategic and International StudiesCritical Minerals, Fragile Peace: The DRC-Rwanda Deal and the Cost of Ignoring Root Causes  CSIS | Center for Strategic and International Studies

Talk Africa: Can the DRC-Rwanda’s new peace initiatives deliver a lasting ceasefire? - CGTN AfricaTalk Africa: Can the DRC-Rwanda’s new peace initiatives deliver a lasting ceasefire?  CGTN Africa

Rwanda-DRC security dialogue begins as US-backed peace agreement enters implementation phase - Business Insider AfricaRwanda-DRC security dialogue begins as US-backed peace agreement enters implementation phase  Business Insider Africa

DR Congo's M23 conflict: What is the fighting about and is Rwanda involved? - BBCDR Congo's M23 conflict: What is the fighting about and is Rwanda involved?  BBC

The Rwanda-DRC peace deal must include the voices of the voiceless - Al JazeeraThe Rwanda-DRC peace deal must include the voices of the voiceless  Al Jazeera

DR Congo and Rwanda sign peace deal after years of war - Al JazeeraDR Congo and Rwanda sign peace deal after years of war  Al Jazeera

DR Congo and Rwanda to sign peace agreement on June 27 - Al JazeeraDR Congo and Rwanda to sign peace agreement on June 27  Al Jazeera

Rwanda and Congo sign peace agreement in Washington - MintRwanda and Congo sign peace agreement in Washington  Mint

Rwanda’s Travel & Tourism Sector Broke all Records in 2024, reveals WTTC - World Travel & Tourism Council (WTTC)Rwanda’s Travel & Tourism Sector Broke all Records in 2024, reveals WTTC  World Travel & Tourism Council (WTTC)

Can the DRC-Rwanda deal deliver peace? - Al JazeeraCan the DRC-Rwanda deal deliver peace?  Al Jazeera

U.N. Says Rwanda-Backed M23 Rebels Killed 169 People in Eastern DRC Last Month - Democracy Now!U.N. Says Rwanda-Backed M23 Rebels Killed 169 People in Eastern DRC Last Month  Democracy Now!

Qatar emphasises peaceful resolution of conflicts after DRC-Rwanda deal - Al JazeeraQatar emphasises peaceful resolution of conflicts after DRC-Rwanda deal  Al Jazeera

In Rwanda, Paul Kagame appoints a comeback prime minister - The Africa Report.comIn Rwanda, Paul Kagame appoints a comeback prime minister  The Africa Report.com

Rwanda and China Pledge Stronger Ties Under Comprehensive Strategic Partnership - Medafrica TimesRwanda and China Pledge Stronger Ties Under Comprehensive Strategic Partnership  Medafrica Times

Rwanda Parliament dismisses 'unfounded allegations' by Congo house speaker - MSNRwanda Parliament dismisses 'unfounded allegations' by Congo house speaker  MSN

Rwanda’s image abroad: how western countries are beginning to turn their backs - The ConversationRwanda’s image abroad: how western countries are beginning to turn their backs  The Conversation

Joint Statement on Peace Talks between the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Republic of Rwanda, Mediated by the United States and Observed by the State of Qatar - U.S. Department of State (.gov)Joint Statement on Peace Talks between the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Republic of Rwanda, Mediated by the United States and Observed by the State of Qatar  U.S. Department of State (.gov)

Rwanda launches airborne eye hospital training program - XinhuaRwanda launches airborne eye hospital training program  Xinhua

DRC-Rwanda peace deal: What you need to know - DWDRC-Rwanda peace deal: What you need to know  DW

The grid is weak. The bikes are electric. Rwanda is betting it'll work anyway - BBCThe grid is weak. The bikes are electric. Rwanda is betting it'll work anyway  BBC

Security Council urges Rwanda to stop supporting M23 in eastern DR Congo - UN NewsSecurity Council urges Rwanda to stop supporting M23 in eastern DR Congo  UN News

The United States Hosts Signing of Declaration of Principles Between the Government of the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Government of Rwanda - U.S. Department of State (.gov)The United States Hosts Signing of Declaration of Principles Between the Government of the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Government of Rwanda  U.S. Department of State (.gov)

The Flying Eye Hospital Touches Down in Rwanda: A First for Orbis International - Angels in MedicineThe Flying Eye Hospital Touches Down in Rwanda: A First for Orbis International  Angels in Medicine

Kwibuka: Rwanda 1994 - Remembering the genocide against the Tutsi. Photo essay - UNESCOKwibuka: Rwanda 1994 - Remembering the genocide against the Tutsi. Photo essay  UNESCO

Rwandan rebels' fate clouds Trump's vision for mineral-rich Congo - ReutersRwandan rebels' fate clouds Trump's vision for mineral-rich Congo  Reuters

Rwanda, Congo hold first meeting of joint oversight committee under peace deal - MSNRwanda, Congo hold first meeting of joint oversight committee under peace deal  MSN

DR Congo and Rwanda sign long-awaited peace deal in Washington - BBCDR Congo and Rwanda sign long-awaited peace deal in Washington  BBC

HIV and TB Overview: Rwanda - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention | CDC (.gov)HIV and TB Overview: Rwanda  Centers for Disease Control and Prevention | CDC (.gov)

Passport Index 2025: Pasiporo y’u Rwanda n’iy’u Burundi zazamutseho imyanya itatu - BBCPassport Index 2025: Pasiporo y’u Rwanda n’iy’u Burundi zazamutseho imyanya itatu  BBC

Malaysia joins the UAE and Rwanda-founded C4IR AI Fellowship Program - Arabian BusinessMalaysia joins the UAE and Rwanda-founded C4IR AI Fellowship Program  Arabian Business

Rwanda’s HIV leadership on display at IAS 2025 - AidsmapRwanda’s HIV leadership on display at IAS 2025  Aidsmap

DRC and Rwanda sign a US-brokered peace deal: what are the chances of its success? - The ConversationDRC and Rwanda sign a US-brokered peace deal: what are the chances of its success?  The Conversation

Rwanda: Pawn of the West or Master of the Game? - Pan African ReviewRwanda: Pawn of the West or Master of the Game?  Pan African Review

DR Congo, Rwanda agree to draft peace deal by May 2 - Al JazeeraDR Congo, Rwanda agree to draft peace deal by May 2  Al Jazeera

Scepticism in Goma over peace deal between DR Congo and Rwanda - BBCScepticism in Goma over peace deal between DR Congo and Rwanda  BBC

Basketball: Rwanda’s Kayijuka named Giants of Africa tournament MVP| The New Times - The New TimesBasketball: Rwanda’s Kayijuka named Giants of Africa tournament MVP| The New Times  The New Times

Rwanda, Congo Peace Deal includes agreement on economic integration framework outlines| Gulf Times - Gulf TimesRwanda, Congo Peace Deal includes agreement on economic integration framework outlines| Gulf Times  Gulf Times

Game Changers: Rwanda unveils new sports city investment - CNBC AfricaGame Changers: Rwanda unveils new sports city investment  CNBC Africa