Russia

Country Russia
Capital Moscow
Continent Asia
Currency Russian ruble(RUB)
Languages Russian

Information

Introduction

Founded in the 12th century, the Principality of Muscovy, was able to emerge from over 200 years of Mongol domination (13th-15th centuries) and to gradually conquer and absorb surrounding principalities. In the early 17th century, a new Romanov Dynasty continued this policy of expansion across Siberia to the Pacific. Under PETER I (ruled 1682-1725), hegemony was extended to the Baltic Sea and the country was renamed the Russian Empire. During the 19th century, more territorial acquisitions were made in Europe and Asia. Defeat in the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-05 contributed to the Revolution of 1905, which resulted in the formation of a parliament and other reforms. Repeated devastating defeats of the Russian army in World War I led to widespread rioting in the major cities of the Russian Empire and to the overthrow in 1917 of the imperial household. The Communists under Vladimir LENIN seized power soon after and formed the USSR. The brutal rule of Iosif STALIN (1928-53) strengthened Communist rule and Russian dominance of the Soviet Union at a cost of tens of millions of lives. The Soviet economy and society stagnated in the following decades until General Secretary Mikhail GORBACHEV (1985-91) introduced glasnost (openness) and perestroika (restructuring) in an attempt to modernize Communism, but his initiatives inadvertently released forces that by December 1991 splintered the USSR into Russia and 14 other independent republics. Since then, Russia has shifted its post-Soviet democratic ambitions in favor of a centralized semi-authoritarian state whose legitimacy is buttressed, in part, by carefully managed national elections, former President PUTIN's genuine popularity, and the prudent management of Russia's windfall energy wealth. Russia has severely disabled a Chechen rebel movement, although violence still occurs throughout the North Caucasus.

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References

Russia - Wikipedia
Russia - CIA World Fact Book
Russia - BBC
Russia - National Geographic
Russia - Timeline - BBC

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Behind India’s massive Russian oil imports: Asia’s richest man - Al JazeeraBehind India’s massive Russian oil imports: Asia’s richest man  Al Jazeera

India, Russia vow to deepen trade ties, defying Trump’s tariff threats over oil - CNBCIndia, Russia vow to deepen trade ties, defying Trump’s tariff threats over oil  CNBC

Russia-Ukraine war: List of key events, day 1,276 - Al JazeeraRussia-Ukraine war: List of key events, day 1,276  Al Jazeera

"India Kremlin's Laundromat, Doesn't Need Russian Oil": Trump Trade Advisor - NDTV"India Kremlin's Laundromat, Doesn't Need Russian Oil": Trump Trade Advisor  NDTV

Russia says 'no meeting planned' with Zelenskyy - The HinduRussia says 'no meeting planned' with Zelenskyy  The Hindu

Over 20% of Russia's war-period crude exports! India bought about Rs 13.39 lakh crore in Russian oil; tra - The Times of IndiaOver 20% of Russia's war-period crude exports! India bought about Rs 13.39 lakh crore in Russian oil; tra  The Times of India

How Russia’s drone attacks have reshaped the war in Ukraine: An illustrated guide - CNNHow Russia’s drone attacks have reshaped the war in Ukraine: An illustrated guide  CNN

Macron discusses Russia-Ukraine war with PM Modi, pledges France's support for India's 2026 BRICS presidency - Deccan HeraldMacron discusses Russia-Ukraine war with PM Modi, pledges France's support for India's 2026 BRICS presidency  Deccan Herald

What Russia wants as peace deal with Ukraine? Vladimir Putin has three demands: ‘Donbas, no NATO and...’ - MintWhat Russia wants as peace deal with Ukraine? Vladimir Putin has three demands: ‘Donbas, no NATO and...’  Mint

Heat data and video show Russia pipeline struck plus latest from inside Gaza - BBCHeat data and video show Russia pipeline struck plus latest from inside Gaza  BBC

Russia's foreign minister says no Putin-Zelenskyy summit planned despite Trump's peace push - NBC NewsRussia's foreign minister says no Putin-Zelenskyy summit planned despite Trump's peace push  NBC News

Russia is trying to stop meeting on peace and prolong war, Zelensky says - BBCRussia is trying to stop meeting on peace and prolong war, Zelensky says  BBC

U.S. asked us to buy energy from Russia to stabilise global energy market: Jaishankar in Moscow - The HinduU.S. asked us to buy energy from Russia to stabilise global energy market: Jaishankar in Moscow  The Hindu

No Putin-Zelenskyy meeting planned until agenda is agreed, Russia’s foreign minister says – as it happened - The GuardianNo Putin-Zelenskyy meeting planned until agenda is agreed, Russia’s foreign minister says – as it happened  The Guardian

India, Russia agree to boost trade ties after foreign ministers meet in Moscow - ReutersIndia, Russia agree to boost trade ties after foreign ministers meet in Moscow  Reuters

India’s ‘prisoner’s dilemma’ in Trump’s ‘game of chicken’ on Russian oil, and the Hobson’s choice presented by China - The Indian ExpressIndia’s ‘prisoner’s dilemma’ in Trump’s ‘game of chicken’ on Russian oil, and the Hobson’s choice presented by China  The Indian Express

A Ukrainian startup develops long-range drones and missiles to take the battle to Russia - AP NewsA Ukrainian startup develops long-range drones and missiles to take the battle to Russia  AP News

Pressure on Russia's economy intensifies as war in Ukraine continues - Euronews.comPressure on Russia's economy intensifies as war in Ukraine continues  Euronews.com

Hungary, Slovakia fear oil cuts after Ukrainian attack on Russian pipeline - Al JazeeraHungary, Slovakia fear oil cuts after Ukrainian attack on Russian pipeline  Al Jazeera

With no Ukraine peace deal, Trump again threatens Russia sanctions - ReutersWith no Ukraine peace deal, Trump again threatens Russia sanctions  Reuters

US says road to peace in Russia-Ukraine runs through India; no relief from 50% tariff - The Times of IndiaUS says road to peace in Russia-Ukraine runs through India; no relief from 50% tariff  The Times of India

Putin optimistic about Russia-US relations as Trump threatens sanctions - Al JazeeraPutin optimistic about Russia-US relations as Trump threatens sanctions  Al Jazeera

Russia-Ukraine ceasefire: Trump gives two weeks to assess peace talks - The HinduRussia-Ukraine ceasefire: Trump gives two weeks to assess peace talks  The Hindu

‘Direct threat’: Russia walks out of nuclear treaty with US; cites ‘actions of Western countries’ - The Times of India‘Direct threat’: Russia walks out of nuclear treaty with US; cites ‘actions of Western countries’  The Times of India

Russia’s war economy taking hits as conflict with Ukraine drags on - Al JazeeraRussia’s war economy taking hits as conflict with Ukraine drags on  Al Jazeera

Russia-Ukraine war: List of key events, day 1,275 - Al JazeeraRussia-Ukraine war: List of key events, day 1,275  Al Jazeera

Ukraine war latest: Suspect behind Nord Stream attacks served in Ukraine's army, Sky News understands - Sky NewsUkraine war latest: Suspect behind Nord Stream attacks served in Ukraine's army, Sky News understands  Sky News

‘No Meeting Planned’ Between Putin and Zelensky, Top Russian Diplomat Says - The New York Times‘No Meeting Planned’ Between Putin and Zelensky, Top Russian Diplomat Says  The New York Times

Russia expects India to keep buying its oil and seeks China-India-Russia talks - ReutersRussia expects India to keep buying its oil and seeks China-India-Russia talks  Reuters

Ukraine’s Zelenskyy rules out China as security guarantor in any peace deal - Al JazeeraUkraine’s Zelenskyy rules out China as security guarantor in any peace deal  Al Jazeera

Trump frustrated after thinking he made headway on Russia-Ukraine talks only to see Putin balk - AP NewsTrump frustrated after thinking he made headway on Russia-Ukraine talks only to see Putin balk  AP News

Kim Jong-un hails North Korean troops fighting against Ukraine at ceremony for returned soldiers - The GuardianKim Jong-un hails North Korean troops fighting against Ukraine at ceremony for returned soldiers  The Guardian

Trump says Putin, Zelenskyy like ‘oil and vinegar’ as Ukrainian leader accuses Russia of doing ‘everything’ to stop trilateral summit - The Indian ExpressTrump says Putin, Zelenskyy like ‘oil and vinegar’ as Ukrainian leader accuses Russia of doing ‘everything’ to stop trilateral summit  The Indian Express

India-US tariff conflict: White House Trade Adviser Navarro criticises India as ‘Maharaj in tariffs’ over energy ties with Russia - The HinduIndia-US tariff conflict: White House Trade Adviser Navarro criticises India as ‘Maharaj in tariffs’ over energy ties with Russia  The Hindu

Ukraine says it again hit Russia's Druzhba oil pipeline facility - ReutersUkraine says it again hit Russia's Druzhba oil pipeline facility  Reuters

Putin is facing a fuel crisis as Ukraine escalates attacks on Russian refineries - Atlantic CouncilPutin is facing a fuel crisis as Ukraine escalates attacks on Russian refineries  Atlantic Council

Why is the US sparing China, but not India, for importing Russian oil? - Al JazeeraWhy is the US sparing China, but not India, for importing Russian oil?  Al Jazeera

Putin sees 'light at end of the tunnel' in Russia-US ties, cooperation in Arctic and Alaska - ReutersPutin sees 'light at end of the tunnel' in Russia-US ties, cooperation in Arctic and Alaska  Reuters

Russia orders state-backed Max messenger app to be pre-installed on new phones - The GuardianRussia orders state-backed Max messenger app to be pre-installed on new phones  The Guardian

Ukrainian attack suspends Russian oil flows to Hungary, Slovakia - ReutersUkrainian attack suspends Russian oil flows to Hungary, Slovakia  Reuters

Russia–Ukraine: peace looks more remote than ever - The International Institute for Strategic StudiesRussia–Ukraine: peace looks more remote than ever  The International Institute for Strategic Studies

'We'll see what happens': Trump ends week of Ukraine-Russia talks on a more tentative note - NBC News'We'll see what happens': Trump ends week of Ukraine-Russia talks on a more tentative note  NBC News

Russia's biggest wave of strikes on Ukraine: US factory hit, Ukraine says Putin has no interest in peace - The Times of IndiaRussia's biggest wave of strikes on Ukraine: US factory hit, Ukraine says Putin has no interest in peace  The Times of India

Why a new ‘iron curtain’ is being built across Europe. This time it’s to keep Russia out - The ConversationWhy a new ‘iron curtain’ is being built across Europe. This time it’s to keep Russia out  The Conversation

Russia Launches India Charm Offensive as US Relations Sour - NewsweekRussia Launches India Charm Offensive as US Relations Sour  Newsweek

Ukraine: Russia launches largest strikes in weeks - DWUkraine: Russia launches largest strikes in weeks  DW

Russia launches biggest wave of strikes on Ukraine for weeks - BBCRussia launches biggest wave of strikes on Ukraine for weeks  BBC

Russia rules out European troops in Ukraine as Trump makes veiled threats - The GuardianRussia rules out European troops in Ukraine as Trump makes veiled threats  The Guardian

‘Russia is targeting us deliberately’: how attacks on maternity hospitals fuelled a birth-rate crisis in Ukraine - The Guardian‘Russia is targeting us deliberately’: how attacks on maternity hospitals fuelled a birth-rate crisis in Ukraine  The Guardian

Hungary and Slovakia Demand Ukraine Stop Attacks on Russia’s Druzhba Pipeline - The Moscow TimesHungary and Slovakia Demand Ukraine Stop Attacks on Russia’s Druzhba Pipeline  The Moscow Times

Proposed Ukraine land concessions are Putin's trap, EU top diplomat tells BBC - BBCProposed Ukraine land concessions are Putin's trap, EU top diplomat tells BBC  BBC

North Korea’s Kim lauds ‘heroic’ troops deployed with Russia in Ukraine war - Al JazeeraNorth Korea’s Kim lauds ‘heroic’ troops deployed with Russia in Ukraine war  Al Jazeera

‘Remove Tariffs’: Jaishankar ROARS In Russia As India EMBRACES Putin & STUNS Trump | FULL REMARKS - The Times of India‘Remove Tariffs’: Jaishankar ROARS In Russia As India EMBRACES Putin & STUNS Trump | FULL REMARKS  The Times of India

Russia-Ukraine war: Major Russian drone and missile strike kills 1, injures 15 in Ukraine - The HinduRussia-Ukraine war: Major Russian drone and missile strike kills 1, injures 15 in Ukraine  The Hindu

Zelenskyy rejects Russia’s demand to be involved in security guarantees - Financial TimesZelenskyy rejects Russia’s demand to be involved in security guarantees  Financial Times

Russia Bombed a U.S. Factory in Ukraine. Here’s How Trump Responded. - yahoo.comRussia Bombed a U.S. Factory in Ukraine. Here’s How Trump Responded.  yahoo.com

Russia Delays Moon and Venus Missions Again - The Moscow TimesRussia Delays Moon and Venus Missions Again  The Moscow Times

Russia orders state-backed MAX messenger app, a WhatsApp rival, pre-installed on phones and tablets - ReutersRussia orders state-backed MAX messenger app, a WhatsApp rival, pre-installed on phones and tablets  Reuters

The ‘security guarantee’ paradox: Too weak and it won’t protect Ukraine; too robust and Russia won’t accept it - The ConversationThe ‘security guarantee’ paradox: Too weak and it won’t protect Ukraine; too robust and Russia won’t accept it  The Conversation

'Maharaja tariffs': Trump's trade adviser Peter Navarro's fresh attack on India over Russian oil; calls i - The Times of India'Maharaja tariffs': Trump's trade adviser Peter Navarro's fresh attack on India over Russian oil; calls i  The Times of India

EAM Jaishankar calls on Russian President Putin - DD NewsEAM Jaishankar calls on Russian President Putin  DD News

Russia says it must be part of international talks on Ukraine’s security - The GuardianRussia says it must be part of international talks on Ukraine’s security  The Guardian

Europe’s Fragile Energy Lifeline Exposed by Ukraine’s Strikes in Russia - The Wall Street JournalEurope’s Fragile Energy Lifeline Exposed by Ukraine’s Strikes in Russia  The Wall Street Journal

Oil rises 1% on stalled Russia-Ukraine peace talks, strong US demand - ReutersOil rises 1% on stalled Russia-Ukraine peace talks, strong US demand  Reuters

Russia-Ukraine war: ‘Road to peace runs through New Delhi,’ says White House Trade Adviser - MintRussia-Ukraine war: ‘Road to peace runs through New Delhi,’ says White House Trade Adviser  Mint

India-Russia Partnership "Steadiest" Since World War II: S Jaishankar - NDTVIndia-Russia Partnership "Steadiest" Since World War II: S Jaishankar  NDTV

Donald Trump To Withdraw From Russia-Ukraine Peace Efforts For Now: Reports - Times NowDonald Trump To Withdraw From Russia-Ukraine Peace Efforts For Now: Reports  Times Now

Russia says it must be included in any Ukraine security guarantees - Financial TimesRussia says it must be included in any Ukraine security guarantees  Financial Times

Trump: Could impose sanctions on Russia in two weeks - ReutersTrump: Could impose sanctions on Russia in two weeks  Reuters

Russia launches largest drone and missile attack in more than a month - CNNRussia launches largest drone and missile attack in more than a month  CNN

North Korea's Kim Jong Un decorates soldiers who fought for Russia, KCNA says - ReutersNorth Korea's Kim Jong Un decorates soldiers who fought for Russia, KCNA says  Reuters

After 'maharaja of tariffs', Trump aide calls India ‘laundromat for Russia’ over oil trade | Latest News India - Hindustan Times - Hindustan TimesAfter 'maharaja of tariffs', Trump aide calls India ‘laundromat for Russia’ over oil trade | Latest News India - Hindustan Times  Hindustan Times

Russia carries out its biggest attack in more than a month while accusing Ukraine of not being interested in peace - CNNRussia carries out its biggest attack in more than a month while accusing Ukraine of not being interested in peace  CNN

The Scale of Russian Sabotage Operations Against Europe’s Critical Infrastructure - The International Institute for Strategic StudiesThe Scale of Russian Sabotage Operations Against Europe’s Critical Infrastructure  The International Institute for Strategic Studies

Ukraine war briefing: Zelenskyy reveals huge Flamingo cruise missile as no peace in sight - The GuardianUkraine war briefing: Zelenskyy reveals huge Flamingo cruise missile as no peace in sight  The Guardian

Red carpet for Putin, trade relief for China, penalties on India: Inside Trump's peculiar policy playbook - CNBCRed carpet for Putin, trade relief for China, penalties on India: Inside Trump's peculiar policy playbook  CNBC

US factory in Ukraine hit in largest Russian air attack for weeks - Financial TimesUS factory in Ukraine hit in largest Russian air attack for weeks  Financial Times

Sorry, Trump, but Putin will not pursue peace until he is facing military defeat - Atlantic CouncilSorry, Trump, but Putin will not pursue peace until he is facing military defeat  Atlantic Council

Russia, under war spending pressure, set for more austerity, tax hikes - ReutersRussia, under war spending pressure, set for more austerity, tax hikes  Reuters

Russia Eyes New Tax Hikes, Spending Cuts to Sustain Record Defense Spending – Reuters - The Moscow TimesRussia Eyes New Tax Hikes, Spending Cuts to Sustain Record Defense Spending – Reuters  The Moscow Times

Kremlin-backed Max messenger app to be pre-installed on all smartphones sold in Russia - CNNKremlin-backed Max messenger app to be pre-installed on all smartphones sold in Russia  CNN

Why does Russia want Ukraine’s Donbas region? - Al JazeeraWhy does Russia want Ukraine’s Donbas region?  Al Jazeera

Trump suggests Ukraine 'play offensive' as Russia downplays prospect of Putin-Zelenskyy summit - ABC NewsTrump suggests Ukraine 'play offensive' as Russia downplays prospect of Putin-Zelenskyy summit  ABC News

Has Russia Advanced? Ukrainians Use This Online Map to Check Every Morning. - The New York TimesHas Russia Advanced? Ukrainians Use This Online Map to Check Every Morning.  The New York Times

Kim Jong Un praises North Korean soldiers who died for Russia as 'heroes' in emotional ceremony - NBC NewsKim Jong Un praises North Korean soldiers who died for Russia as 'heroes' in emotional ceremony  NBC News

Exclusive: Putin's demand to Ukraine: give up Donbas, no NATO and no Western troops, sources say - ReutersExclusive: Putin's demand to Ukraine: give up Donbas, no NATO and no Western troops, sources say  Reuters

Trump 'not happy' about Russian strike on US factory in Ukraine - The Kyiv IndependentTrump 'not happy' about Russian strike on US factory in Ukraine  The Kyiv Independent

What is the missile treaty Russia has walked out of – and why? - Al JazeeraWhat is the missile treaty Russia has walked out of – and why?  Al Jazeera

Tracking US and NATO support for Ukraine: A full breakdown - Al JazeeraTracking US and NATO support for Ukraine: A full breakdown  Al Jazeera

Perplexed, Americans told us to stabilise market, buy Russian oil: Jaishankar from Moscow - The Indian ExpressPerplexed, Americans told us to stabilise market, buy Russian oil: Jaishankar from Moscow  The Indian Express

Trump Again Threatens Russian Sanctions If Ukraine Conflict Doesn’t End - Bloomberg.comTrump Again Threatens Russian Sanctions If Ukraine Conflict Doesn’t End  Bloomberg.com

Russia-Ukraine summit talks become a ‘grind’ - PoliticoRussia-Ukraine summit talks become a ‘grind’  Politico

Nato leaders must ‘not be naive’ about any potential Ukraine deployment, says head of German soldiers’ union – as it happened - The GuardianNato leaders must ‘not be naive’ about any potential Ukraine deployment, says head of German soldiers’ union – as it happened  The Guardian

Kim Jong Un Awards Soldiers Who Fought With Russia Against Ukraine - The Moscow TimesKim Jong Un Awards Soldiers Who Fought With Russia Against Ukraine  The Moscow Times

Ukrainian drone strikes push up Russian petrol prices - Financial TimesUkrainian drone strikes push up Russian petrol prices  Financial Times

He hoped Trump’s summit would bring peace. Russia killed him and his family. - The Washington PostHe hoped Trump’s summit would bring peace. Russia killed him and his family.  The Washington Post

Russian Offensive Campaign Assessment, August 21, 2025 - Institute for the Study of WarRussian Offensive Campaign Assessment, August 21, 2025  Institute for the Study of War

Ukraine war latest: Moscow gives Putin-Zelenskyy meeting update; huge fire at Russian oil facility - Sky NewsUkraine war latest: Moscow gives Putin-Zelenskyy meeting update; huge fire at Russian oil facility  Sky News

Russian Offensive Campaign Assessment, August 20, 2025 - Institute for the Study of WarRussian Offensive Campaign Assessment, August 20, 2025  Institute for the Study of War

Russia’s Push to Recruit South African Women Triggers Probe - Bloomberg.comRussia’s Push to Recruit South African Women Triggers Probe  Bloomberg.com