Lebanon

Country Lebanon
Capital Beirut
Continent Asia
Currency Lebanese pound(LBP)
Languages Arabic, French & English

Information

Introduction

Following World War I, France acquired a mandate over the northern portion of the former Ottoman Empire province of Syria. The French separated out the region of Lebanon in 1920, and granted this area independence in 1943. A lengthy civil war (1975-1990) devastated the country, but Lebanon has since made progress toward rebuilding its political institutions. Under the Ta'if Accord - the blueprint for national reconciliation - the Lebanese established a more equitable political system, particularly by giving Muslims a greater voice in the political process while institutionalizing sectarian divisions in the government. Since the end of the war, Lebanon has conducted several successful elections. Most militias have been reduced or disbanded, with the exception of Hizballah, designated by the US State Department as a Foreign Terrorist Organization, and Palestinian militant groups. During Lebanon's civil war, the Arab League legitimized in the Ta'if Accord Syria's troop deployment, numbering about 16,000 based mainly east of Beirut and in the Bekaa Valley. Israel's withdrawal from southern Lebanon in May 2000 and the passage in September 2004 of UNSCR 1559 - a resolution calling for Syria to withdraw from Lebanon and end its interference in Lebanese affairs - encouraged some Lebanese groups to demand that Syria withdraw its forces as well. The assassination of former Prime Minister Rafiq HARIRI and 22 others in February 2005 led to massive demonstrations in Beirut against the Syrian presence ("the Cedar Revolution"), and Syria withdrew the remainder of its military forces in April 2005. In May-June 2005, Lebanon held its first legislative elections since the end of the civil war free of foreign interference, handing a majority to the bloc led by Sa'ad HARIRI, the slain prime minister's son. In July 2006, Hizballah kidnapped two Israeli soldiers leading to a 34-day conflict with Israel in which approximately 1,200 Lebanese civilians were killed. UNSCR 1701 ended the war in August 2006, and Lebanese Armed Forces (LAF) deployed throughout the country for the first time in decades, charged with securing Lebanon's borders against weapons smuggling and maintaining a weapons-free zone in south Lebanon with the help of the UN Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL). The LAF in May-September 2007 battled Sunni extremist group Fatah al-Islam in the Nahr al-Barid Palestinian refugee camp, winning a decisive victory, but destroying the camp and displacing 30,000 Palestinian residents. Lebanese politicians in November 2007 were unable to agree on a successor to Emile LAHUD when he stepped down as president, creating a political vacuum until the election of LAF Commander Gen. Michel SULAYMAN in May 2008 and the formation of a new unity government in July 2008. Legislative elections in June 2009 again produced victory for the bloc led by Sa'ad HARIRI, but a period of prolonged negotiation over the composition of the cabinet ensued. A national unity government was finally formed in November 2009 and approved by the National Assembly the following month. In January 2010, Lebanon assumed a nonpermanent seat on the UN Security Council for the 2010-11 term.

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References

Lebanon - Wikipedia
Lebanon - CIA World Fact Book
Lebanon - BBC
Lebanon - Timeline - BBC

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Hezbollah Official Among 4 Killed In Israeli Strike On Lebanon's Beirut - NDTV
  1. Hezbollah Official Among 4 Killed In Israeli Strike On Lebanon's Beirut  NDTV
  2. IDF says it killed Hezbollah operative posing ‘immediate threat’ in Beirut strike  The Times of Israel
  3. Hezbollah says it will act if Israel’s attacks on Lebanon continue  The Hindu
  4. Israel's military says it struck Beirut's suburbs  Deccan Herald
  5. Watch: Israeli airstrike hits Beirut during Eid, targets alleged Hezbollah member  Times of India
  6. Israel strikes building in southern Beirut, killing at least three people  The New Indian Express
  7. Israel strikes Beirut overnight, claims targeting Hezbollah official  Business Standard
  8. Hezbollah chief threatens Israel over Lebanon strikes  JNS.org
  9. Hezbollah official among four dead in Israeli strike on Beirut  The Hindu


IDF strikes in Syria and Lebanon were a message to regional powers - The Times of IsraelIDF strikes in Syria and Lebanon were a message to regional powers  The Times of Israel

Four killed in Israeli strike on Beirut, Lebanon says, despite ceasefire - BBCFour killed in Israeli strike on Beirut, Lebanon says, despite ceasefire  BBC

Israeli airstrike kills 4 in Lebanon violating ceasefire - - News On AIR - All India RadioIsraeli airstrike kills 4 in Lebanon violating ceasefire -  News On AIR - All India Radio

Israel strikes Lebanon’s Beirut testing fragile truce with Hezbollah - Al JazeeraIsrael strikes Lebanon’s Beirut testing fragile truce with Hezbollah  Al Jazeera

Israel strikes a building in southern Beirut, killing at least 4 people - AP NewsIsrael strikes a building in southern Beirut, killing at least 4 people  AP News

Israel Gaza War LIVE Updates: Netanyahu vows more strikes in Lebanon if threats continue - Times of IndiaIsrael Gaza War LIVE Updates: Netanyahu vows more strikes in Lebanon if threats continue  Times of India

Hezbollah chief threatens response to continued Israeli ‘aggression’ in Lebanon - The Times of IsraelHezbollah chief threatens response to continued Israeli ‘aggression’ in Lebanon  The Times of Israel

Macron urges Israel to 'put an end to strikes' on Gaza, Lebanon - RFIMacron urges Israel to 'put an end to strikes' on Gaza, Lebanon  RFI

Israel kills Hezbollah official in deadly Beirut airstrike - ReutersIsrael kills Hezbollah official in deadly Beirut airstrike  Reuters

Anemia and food insecurity: the nutritional struggles of pregnant women in Lebanon amid unprecedented crises - BMC NutritionAnemia and food insecurity: the nutritional struggles of pregnant women in Lebanon amid unprecedented crises  BMC Nutrition

Israel says killed Iran’s IRGC Quds Force operative, a Hezbollah member, in Lebanon - FirstpostIsrael says killed Iran’s IRGC Quds Force operative, a Hezbollah member, in Lebanon  Firstpost

France, Greece, Cyprus, Lebanon and Syria Discuss Security, Migration, and Energy - Syria ReportFrance, Greece, Cyprus, Lebanon and Syria Discuss Security, Migration, and Energy  Syria Report

Key events in Israel's conflict with Hezbollah in Lebanon - Hindustan TimesKey events in Israel's conflict with Hezbollah in Lebanon  Hindustan Times

Israel strikes Beirut for first time since Hezbollah ceasefire | Lebanon - The GuardianIsrael strikes Beirut for first time since Hezbollah ceasefire | Lebanon  The Guardian

Is Lebanon’s new central bank governor ‘another Riad Salameh’? - Al JazeeraIs Lebanon’s new central bank governor ‘another Riad Salameh’?  Al Jazeera

Will Strike Everywhere In Lebanon Against Any Threat To Israel: Netanyahu - NDTVWill Strike Everywhere In Lebanon Against Any Threat To Israel: Netanyahu  NDTV

How stable is Lebanon’s peace – after Israel attack on Beirut? - Al JazeeraHow stable is Lebanon’s peace – after Israel attack on Beirut?  Al Jazeera

"Violation Of Ceasefire": French President Macron On Israeli Air Strike On Lebanon - NDTV"Violation Of Ceasefire": French President Macron On Israeli Air Strike On Lebanon  NDTV

Israel launches first air strike on Lebanon’s Beirut since November truce - Al JazeeraIsrael launches first air strike on Lebanon’s Beirut since November truce  Al Jazeera

Israeli air strike on Beirut raises concerns over shaky ceasefire - Al JazeeraIsraeli air strike on Beirut raises concerns over shaky ceasefire  Al Jazeera

Will Lebanon’s fragile peace hold after Israel’s strike on Beirut? - Al JazeeraWill Lebanon’s fragile peace hold after Israel’s strike on Beirut?  Al Jazeera

Israel strikes Beirut for the first time since a ceasefire ended the latest Israel-Hezbollah war - AP NewsIsrael strikes Beirut for the first time since a ceasefire ended the latest Israel-Hezbollah war  AP News

Pretending to Disarm Hezbollah Won’t Work - Foundation for Defense of DemocraciesPretending to Disarm Hezbollah Won’t Work  Foundation for Defense of Democracies

Spotlight on Terrorism: Hezbollah and Lebanon (March 24 – 31, 2025) - The Meir Amit Intelligence and Terrorism Information CenterSpotlight on Terrorism: Hezbollah and Lebanon (March 24 – 31, 2025)  The Meir Amit Intelligence and Terrorism Information Center

This Solar Engineer Is Patching Lebanon’s Power Grid - IEEE SpectrumThis Solar Engineer Is Patching Lebanon’s Power Grid  IEEE Spectrum

Caesarean Section Rates Among Syrian Refugees in Lebanon - The Cureus Journal of Medical ScienceCaesarean Section Rates Among Syrian Refugees in Lebanon  The Cureus Journal of Medical Science

Israeli strike kills four in Beirut in test of fragile ceasefire with Hezbollah - CNNIsraeli strike kills four in Beirut in test of fragile ceasefire with Hezbollah  CNN

Devastated Lebanon village marks Eid among its dead - AL-MonitorDevastated Lebanon village marks Eid among its dead  AL-Monitor

Israeli operations in Lebanon against Hezbollah: March 24–March 31 - The Long War JournalIsraeli operations in Lebanon against Hezbollah: March 24–March 31  The Long War Journal

'There will be no calm in Beirut': Israel warns after projectiles launched from Lebanon - Times of India'There will be no calm in Beirut': Israel warns after projectiles launched from Lebanon  Times of India

Israeli drone strikes kill four people in southern Lebanon - Al JazeeraIsraeli drone strikes kill four people in southern Lebanon  Al Jazeera

Lebanon will soon have its own ‘camino,’ once traveled by Christ and the Romans - Catholic News AgencyLebanon will soon have its own ‘camino,’ once traveled by Christ and the Romans  Catholic News Agency

Hezbollah lawmaker calls on Lebanon to react after Israeli strike on Beirut - The Times of IsraelHezbollah lawmaker calls on Lebanon to react after Israeli strike on Beirut  The Times of Israel

Israeli airstrike kills 4 in Lebanon - NBC NewsIsraeli airstrike kills 4 in Lebanon  NBC News

Christianity Is the Basis for Cooperation with Lebanon, Says Foreign Minister - Hungary TodayChristianity Is the Basis for Cooperation with Lebanon, Says Foreign Minister  Hungary Today

Israeli airstrike kills four in Beirut, says Lebanese government – video - The GuardianIsraeli airstrike kills four in Beirut, says Lebanese government – video  The Guardian

Israel’s Military Strikes Near Beirut, Killing at Least 4 - The New York TimesIsrael’s Military Strikes Near Beirut, Killing at Least 4  The New York Times

Israeli strike on Lebanon 'unacceptable' ceasefire violation, Macron says - France 24Israeli strike on Lebanon 'unacceptable' ceasefire violation, Macron says  France 24

The role of sports in fostering refugee inclusion in urban South Lebanon - sportanddevThe role of sports in fostering refugee inclusion in urban South Lebanon  sportanddev

Lebanon’s Recovery and Reconstruction Needs Estimated at US$11 Billion - World BankLebanon’s Recovery and Reconstruction Needs Estimated at US$11 Billion  World Bank

Israel conducts first strike on Beirut's southern suburbs since truce - ReutersIsrael conducts first strike on Beirut's southern suburbs since truce  Reuters

Israel conducts first strike on Beirut since Hezbollah ceasefire - BBCIsrael conducts first strike on Beirut since Hezbollah ceasefire  BBC

Iraq agrees to supply Lebanon with fuel for six months - The New ArabIraq agrees to supply Lebanon with fuel for six months  The New Arab

Israel says Revolutionary Guard operative killed in Lebanon - ????? ??????????Israel says Revolutionary Guard operative killed in Lebanon  ????? ??????????

Lebanon president slams Israeli strike, calls for support for country’s sovereignty - The Times of IsraelLebanon president slams Israeli strike, calls for support for country’s sovereignty  The Times of Israel

Israel strikes a suburb of Lebanon's capital for the first time since the ceasefire - NPRIsrael strikes a suburb of Lebanon's capital for the first time since the ceasefire  NPR

After 2 years without a central banker, Souaid divides Lebanon - Arabian Gulf Business Insight | AGBIAfter 2 years without a central banker, Souaid divides Lebanon  Arabian Gulf Business Insight | AGBI

At least seven killed in spiralling clashes on Syria-Lebanon border - Al JazeeraAt least seven killed in spiralling clashes on Syria-Lebanon border  Al Jazeera

Israel strikes Beirut first time since ceasefire end of Israel-Hezbollah war - The HinduIsrael strikes Beirut first time since ceasefire end of Israel-Hezbollah war  The Hindu

Ignoring rockets from Lebanon, Macron blasts Israeli response - JNS.orgIgnoring rockets from Lebanon, Macron blasts Israeli response  JNS.org

KSrelief supports thousands in Sudan, Somalia, Lebanon - Arab NewsKSrelief supports thousands in Sudan, Somalia, Lebanon  Arab News

FedEx to lay off more than 200 workers from Lebanon facility - Https://Www.Wsmv.ComFedEx to lay off more than 200 workers from Lebanon facility  Https://Www.Wsmv.Com

Lebanon, Syria ink border demarcation deal, easing tensions after Assad’s fall - The Times of IsraelLebanon, Syria ink border demarcation deal, easing tensions after Assad’s fall  The Times of Israel

WFP Lebanon 2024 - A Year in Review - ReliefWebWFP Lebanon 2024 - A Year in Review  ReliefWeb

Iraq agrees to supply Lebanon with fuel for six months - ReutersIraq agrees to supply Lebanon with fuel for six months  Reuters

IDF strikes Beirut, southern Lebanon after 2 rockets fired at northern Israel - The Times of IsraelIDF strikes Beirut, southern Lebanon after 2 rockets fired at northern Israel  The Times of Israel

Syria, Lebanon sign border security deal in Saudi Arabia - The New ArabSyria, Lebanon sign border security deal in Saudi Arabia  The New Arab

Lebanon President slams Israeli strike, calls for support for country’s sovereignty - Al Arabiya EnglishLebanon President slams Israeli strike, calls for support for country’s sovereignty  Al Arabiya English

Israeli Strike on Beirut Kills Three - The Defense PostIsraeli Strike on Beirut Kills Three  The Defense Post

Lebanese army detains suspects linked to rocket fire at Israel - The New ArabLebanese army detains suspects linked to rocket fire at Israel  The New Arab

Lebanon closes in on next central bank head - Financial TimesLebanon closes in on next central bank head  Financial Times

FedEx is laying off 200-plus workers in Lebanon - The Business JournalsFedEx is laying off 200-plus workers in Lebanon  The Business Journals

Lebanon PM says Israeli strike in Beirut a ‘clear breach’ of ceasefire deal - The Times of IsraelLebanon PM says Israeli strike in Beirut a ‘clear breach’ of ceasefire deal  The Times of Israel

Cross-Border Shuffle: Refugee Movement Between Lebanon and Syria after Assad - The Century FoundationCross-Border Shuffle: Refugee Movement Between Lebanon and Syria after Assad  The Century Foundation

Border security agreement signed between Syria, Lebanon in Saudi Arabia - Al Arabiya EnglishBorder security agreement signed between Syria, Lebanon in Saudi Arabia  Al Arabiya English

Lebanon-Syria border clashes reflect new realities on the ground - Al JazeeraLebanon-Syria border clashes reflect new realities on the ground  Al Jazeera

Israel threatens Lebanon buffer zone after rogue rocket attack - The New ArabIsrael threatens Lebanon buffer zone after rogue rocket attack  The New Arab

Hezbollah warns it could retaliate if Israeli strikes on Lebanon continue - CBS NewsHezbollah warns it could retaliate if Israeli strikes on Lebanon continue  CBS News

Israel strikes Lebanon after first rocket attack since ceasefire - BBCIsrael strikes Lebanon after first rocket attack since ceasefire  BBC

Israeli dawn strike on Beirut suburb kills four - Middle East EyeIsraeli dawn strike on Beirut suburb kills four  Middle East Eye

"Uproot Terrorists": Israel's demand to Lebanon after Beirut strike - Shafaq News - ??? ????"Uproot Terrorists": Israel's demand to Lebanon after Beirut strike - Shafaq News  ??? ????

Border wars: Syria’s new authorities grapple with Lebanese smugglers - The GuardianBorder wars: Syria’s new authorities grapple with Lebanese smugglers  The Guardian

Saudi crown prince discusses Lebanon, regional developments with Lebanese premier - Middle East MonitorSaudi crown prince discusses Lebanon, regional developments with Lebanese premier  Middle East Monitor

New talks with Lebanon aimed at normalizing ties, senior Israeli official says - The Times of IsraelNew talks with Lebanon aimed at normalizing ties, senior Israeli official says  The Times of Israel

LIVE BLOG: Netanyahu Cancels Sharafit's Appointment | Gaza, Yemen, Lebanon Bombed – Day 543 - Palestine ChronicleLIVE BLOG: Netanyahu Cancels Sharafit's Appointment | Gaza, Yemen, Lebanon Bombed – Day 543  Palestine Chronicle

What’s happening with Lebanon’s economy and will it recover? - Al JazeeraWhat’s happening with Lebanon’s economy and will it recover?  Al Jazeera

IAF kills Hassan Ali Badir, a terrorist for Hezbollah and Iran's Quds Forces, in Beirut strike - The Jerusalem PostIAF kills Hassan Ali Badir, a terrorist for Hezbollah and Iran's Quds Forces, in Beirut strike  The Jerusalem Post

Deadly Israeli strikes in Gaza and Lebanon amid calls for halt to ‘endless war’ - The GuardianDeadly Israeli strikes in Gaza and Lebanon amid calls for halt to ‘endless war’  The Guardian

Israel releases four Lebanese captives, agrees to join border talks - Al JazeeraIsrael releases four Lebanese captives, agrees to join border talks  Al Jazeera

Can Lebanon’s new central bank governor break the cycle of economic crisis? - Arab NewsCan Lebanon’s new central bank governor break the cycle of economic crisis?  Arab News

Lebanon and Syria agree to ceasefire after cross-border attacks kill 10 - CNNLebanon and Syria agree to ceasefire after cross-border attacks kill 10  CNN

Israel to hold talks with Lebanon on land border, frees 5 detainees as goodwill gesture - The Times of IsraelIsrael to hold talks with Lebanon on land border, frees 5 detainees as goodwill gesture  The Times of Israel

Hezbollah official targeted in deadly Israeli strike on Beirut - The New ArabHezbollah official targeted in deadly Israeli strike on Beirut  The New Arab

Lebanon Names Ex-HSBC Banker Souaid as Central Bank Governor - Bloomberg.comLebanon Names Ex-HSBC Banker Souaid as Central Bank Governor  Bloomberg.com

Lebanon warns of ‘new war’ as death toll from Israel strikes rises - Al JazeeraLebanon warns of ‘new war’ as death toll from Israel strikes rises  Al Jazeera

Middle East: Fresh Israeli strikes kill over 300 kids — UN - DWMiddle East: Fresh Israeli strikes kill over 300 kids — UN  DW

Four killed in Israeli strike on Beirut: Lebanon - Somoy NewsFour killed in Israeli strike on Beirut: Lebanon  Somoy News

Lebanon’s president warns of ‘hostile intentions’ after Israel targets Beirut building - IRNA EnglishLebanon’s president warns of ‘hostile intentions’ after Israel targets Beirut building  IRNA English

Updates: Death toll from Israeli attacks on Lebanon, Gaza mounts - Al JazeeraUpdates: Death toll from Israeli attacks on Lebanon, Gaza mounts  Al Jazeera

How will the latest strikes between Israel and Lebanon affect a tenuous ceasefire? - AP NewsHow will the latest strikes between Israel and Lebanon affect a tenuous ceasefire?  AP News

Israel Digs In Beyond Its Northern Border - The New York TimesIsrael Digs In Beyond Its Northern Border  The New York Times