Iran

Country Iran
Capital Tehran
Continent Asia
Currency Rial(IRR)
Languages Persian, Azerbaijani, Kurdish, Lurish, Gilaki, Balochi, Mazandarani, Arabic, Turkmen, Armenian & Georgian

Information

Introduction

Known as Persia until 1935, Iran became an Islamic republic in 1979 after the ruling monarchy was overthrown and Shah Mohammad Reza PAHLAVI was forced into exile. Conservative clerical forces established a theocratic system of government with ultimate political authority vested in a learned religious scholar referred to commonly as the Supreme Leader who, according to the constitution, is accountable only to the Assembly of Experts - a popularly elected 86-member body of clerics. US-Iranian relations have been strained since a group of Iranian students seized the US Embassy in Tehran on 4 November 1979 and held it until 20 January 1981. During 1980-88, Iran fought a bloody, indecisive war with Iraq that eventually expanded into the Persian Gulf and led to clashes between US Navy and Iranian military forces between 1987 and 1988. Iran has been designated a state sponsor of terrorism for its activities in Lebanon and elsewhere in the world and remains subject to US, UN, and EU economic sanctions and export controls because of its continued involvement in terrorism and its nuclear weapons ambitions. Following the election of reformer Hojjat ol-Eslam Mohammad KHATAMI as president in 1997 and a reformist Majles (legislature) in 2000, a campaign to foster political reform in response to popular dissatisfaction was initiated. The movement floundered as conservative politicians, through the control of unelected institutions, prevented reform measures from being enacted and increased repressive measures. Starting with nationwide municipal elections in 2003 and continuing through Majles elections in 2004, conservatives reestablished control over Iran's elected government institutions, which culminated with the August 2005 inauguration of hardliner Mahmud AHMADI-NEJAD as president. His controversial reelection in June 2009 sparked nationwide protests over allegations of electoral fraud. The UN Security Council has passed a number of resolutions (1696 in July 2006, 1737 in December 2006, 1747 in March 2007, 1803 in March 2008, and 1835 in September 2008) calling for Iran to suspend its uranium enrichment and reprocessing activities and comply with its IAEA obligations and responsibilities. Resolutions 1737, 1477, and 1803 subject a number of Iranian individuals and entities involved in Iran's nuclear and ballistic missile programs to sanctions. Additionally, several Iranian entities are subject to US sanctions under Executive Order 13382 designations for proliferation activities and EO 13224 designations for support of terrorism.

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References

Iran - Wikipedia
Iran - CIA World Fact Book
Iran - BBC
Iran - National Geographic
Iran - Timeline - BBC

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BRICS blasts strikes on Iran as ‘illegal’: What does the statement say? | World News - Hindustan Times - Hindustan TimesBRICS blasts strikes on Iran as ‘illegal’: What does the statement say? | World News - Hindustan Times  Hindustan Times

At Rio Summit, BRICS Hits Out at Tariffs, Iran Attacks and Gaza, but Stops Short of Naming US - The Wire IndiaAt Rio Summit, BRICS Hits Out at Tariffs, Iran Attacks and Gaza, but Stops Short of Naming US  The Wire India

Russia, Iran Relegated to the Periphery as Awkward BRICS Guests - BloombergRussia, Iran Relegated to the Periphery as Awkward BRICS Guests  Bloomberg

Iran’s supreme leader appears in public for first time since start of conflict with Israel - CNNIran’s supreme leader appears in public for first time since start of conflict with Israel  CNN

Ali Khamenei, Iran’s supreme leader, makes first public appearance since Israel war - The GuardianAli Khamenei, Iran’s supreme leader, makes first public appearance since Israel war  The Guardian

Iran Supreme Leader Khamenei in first public appearance since Israel war - BBCIran Supreme Leader Khamenei in first public appearance since Israel war  BBC

Iran tells millions of Afghans to leave or face arrest on day of deadline - Al JazeeraIran tells millions of Afghans to leave or face arrest on day of deadline  Al Jazeera

Why has Iran stepped up its deportation of Afghan refugees? - Al JazeeraWhy has Iran stepped up its deportation of Afghan refugees?  Al Jazeera

'Emergency' at Afghan border as migrant returns from Iran surge ahead of deadline - The New Indian Express'Emergency' at Afghan border as migrant returns from Iran surge ahead of deadline  The New Indian Express

EAM Jaishankar meets counterparts from Russia, Iran, Mexico on sidelines of BRICS Summit - The HinduEAM Jaishankar meets counterparts from Russia, Iran, Mexico on sidelines of BRICS Summit  The Hindu

S Jaishankar Meets Counterparts From Russia, Iran, Mexico At BRICS Summit - NDTVS Jaishankar Meets Counterparts From Russia, Iran, Mexico At BRICS Summit  NDTV

EAM Jaishankar holds talks on ‘regional developments’ with Iranian Foreign Minister - Telangana TodayEAM Jaishankar holds talks on ‘regional developments’ with Iranian Foreign Minister  Telangana Today

News Analysis: Israel declared triumph, but Iran’s nuclear future still looms - Los Angeles TimesNews Analysis: Israel declared triumph, but Iran’s nuclear future still looms  Los Angeles Times

IAEA inspectors depart Tehran after US-Israel-Iran conflict - Al JazeeraIAEA inspectors depart Tehran after US-Israel-Iran conflict  Al Jazeera

Iran’s devastation has hardened hearts towards the west – even for those with no love of the state | Hossein Hamdieh - The GuardianIran’s devastation has hardened hearts towards the west – even for those with no love of the state | Hossein Hamdieh  The Guardian

What we know about Iran's attack on US base in Qatar - BBCWhat we know about Iran's attack on US base in Qatar  BBC

A week into the fragile Israel-Iran peace agreement, here’s what we still don’t know - AP NewsA week into the fragile Israel-Iran peace agreement, here’s what we still don’t know  AP News

What to Know About the U.S. Strike on Iran and the Israel-Iran Cease-Fire - The New York TimesWhat to Know About the U.S. Strike on Iran and the Israel-Iran Cease-Fire  The New York Times

U.S.-Iran nuclear talks to resume in Oslo - NPRU.S.-Iran nuclear talks to resume in Oslo  NPR

The 15-minute interview: Ian Stewart on the present and future status of the Iran nuclear program - Bulletin of the Atomic ScientistsThe 15-minute interview: Ian Stewart on the present and future status of the Iran nuclear program  Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists

Jon Finer analyzes aftermath and potential consequences of U.S. strikes on Iran - PBSJon Finer analyzes aftermath and potential consequences of U.S. strikes on Iran  PBS

Iran demands accountability for Israel and US after ‘war of aggression’ - Al JazeeraIran demands accountability for Israel and US after ‘war of aggression’  Al Jazeera

Trump, Netanyahu meet in Washington for first time after ‘great victory’ over Iran - The Indian ExpressTrump, Netanyahu meet in Washington for first time after ‘great victory’ over Iran  The Indian Express

On Khamenei’s orders, Iran readies strikes against Israel that ‘even US can’t block’ | World News - Hindustan Times - Hindustan TimesOn Khamenei’s orders, Iran readies strikes against Israel that ‘even US can’t block’ | World News - Hindustan Times  Hindustan Times

Two Iran Guards killed clearing explosives after Israel war - The HinduTwo Iran Guards killed clearing explosives after Israel war  The Hindu

‘Worrying disappearance’: 18-year-old French national missing in Iran; 20 Europeans under detention in co - Times of India‘Worrying disappearance’: 18-year-old French national missing in Iran; 20 Europeans under detention in co  Times of India

Nitin Gadkari Flags 'World War' Threat Citing Israel-Iran, Russia-Ukraine - NDTVNitin Gadkari Flags 'World War' Threat Citing Israel-Iran, Russia-Ukraine  NDTV

Russia offers to help resolve Iran conflict, Lavrov tells Araqchi at BRICS meet - India TodayRussia offers to help resolve Iran conflict, Lavrov tells Araqchi at BRICS meet  India Today

Iran-Israel need win-win solutions, not jingoistic brinkmanship - ThePrintIran-Israel need win-win solutions, not jingoistic brinkmanship  ThePrint

BRICS condemns Pahalgam attack, violence in Gaza and Iran, slams Trump tariffs and calls for global reforms: Key points - MintBRICS condemns Pahalgam attack, violence in Gaza and Iran, slams Trump tariffs and calls for global reforms: Key points  Mint

BRICS Condemns Gaza, Iran Strikes; Pushes for Global Reforms and WTO Revival - Deccan HeraldBRICS Condemns Gaza, Iran Strikes; Pushes for Global Reforms and WTO Revival  Deccan Herald

BRICS nations condemn Israel over Iran war, in victory for Islamic Republic - The Times of IsraelBRICS nations condemn Israel over Iran war, in victory for Islamic Republic  The Times of Israel

Trump, Netanyahu may take victory lap on Iran, but Gaza war looms over their meeting - CNBC TV18Trump, Netanyahu may take victory lap on Iran, but Gaza war looms over their meeting  CNBC TV18

BRICS Leaders Condemn Pahalgam Terror Attacks, US Tariffs, And Strikes On Iran - ABP Live EnglishBRICS Leaders Condemn Pahalgam Terror Attacks, US Tariffs, And Strikes On Iran  ABP Live English

Q&A | Twelve days that shook the region: Inside the Iran-Israel war - ACLEDQ&A | Twelve days that shook the region: Inside the Iran-Israel war  ACLED

Gaza ceasefire, Iran & more on agenda as Netanyahu heads to Washington DC - FirstpostGaza ceasefire, Iran & more on agenda as Netanyahu heads to Washington DC  Firstpost

Iran's strong response leaves Israel empty handed as Netanyahu failed to break Khamenei, his move backfired d - India.ComIran's strong response leaves Israel empty handed as Netanyahu failed to break Khamenei, his move backfired d  India.Com

BRICS Declaration Takes A Swipe At Tariffs, Criticises Iran Strikes Without Naming US, Israel - News18BRICS Declaration Takes A Swipe At Tariffs, Criticises Iran Strikes Without Naming US, Israel  News18

Iran’s supreme leader makes first public appearance since Iran-Israel war started - Arab NewsIran’s supreme leader makes first public appearance since Iran-Israel war started  Arab News

Iran still wants a nuclear weapon despite ‘serious damage’ from US, Israeli strikes: expert warns - Fox NewsIran still wants a nuclear weapon despite ‘serious damage’ from US, Israeli strikes: expert warns  Fox News

How Israel Killed Iran’s Top Nuclear Scientists - WSJ - WSJHow Israel Killed Iran’s Top Nuclear Scientists - WSJ  WSJ

What damage did the US do to Iran’s nuclear program? Why it’s so hard to know - The ConversationWhat damage did the US do to Iran’s nuclear program? Why it’s so hard to know  The Conversation

HISTORIC! First Freight Train From China Wheels Into Iran, Flying In The Face Of American Sanctions - EurAsian TimesHISTORIC! First Freight Train From China Wheels Into Iran, Flying In The Face Of American Sanctions  EurAsian Times

Atomic watchdog says Iran not complying with nuclear safeguards - UN NewsAtomic watchdog says Iran not complying with nuclear safeguards  UN News

How Trump pivoted from bombing Iran to announcing a ceasefire - The Washington PostHow Trump pivoted from bombing Iran to announcing a ceasefire  The Washington Post

Inside the spy dossier that led Israel to war - The EconomistInside the spy dossier that led Israel to war  The Economist

Trump wanted an Iran nuclear deal fast. Now he may get military confrontation - CNBCTrump wanted an Iran nuclear deal fast. Now he may get military confrontation  CNBC

Can Israel destroy Iran’s nuclear sites? - Financial TimesCan Israel destroy Iran’s nuclear sites?  Financial Times

Damning IAEA report spells out past secret nuclear activities in Iran - ReutersDamning IAEA report spells out past secret nuclear activities in Iran  Reuters

Can Israel Destroy Iran’s Nuclear Program? - Foreign AffairsCan Israel Destroy Iran’s Nuclear Program?  Foreign Affairs

History Headline: A Kolkata periodical that shaped a revolution in Iran - The Indian ExpressHistory Headline: A Kolkata periodical that shaped a revolution in Iran  The Indian Express

Brazil’s leader Lula condemns Gaza ‘genocide’ at BRICS - Al JazeeraBrazil’s leader Lula condemns Gaza ‘genocide’ at BRICS  Al Jazeera

15 Tamil Nadu Fishermen Return From Iran, Efforts On To Rescue Others - NDTV15 Tamil Nadu Fishermen Return From Iran, Efforts On To Rescue Others  NDTV

Israeli jets strike Houthi targets in Yemen; Iran-linked weapon sites bombed; seized ship, power plant hi - Times of IndiaIsraeli jets strike Houthi targets in Yemen; Iran-linked weapon sites bombed; seized ship, power plant hi  Times of India

Iran's Ayatollah Ali Khamenei Makes First Appearance Days After US Strikes On Nuke Sites - NDTVIran's Ayatollah Ali Khamenei Makes First Appearance Days After US Strikes On Nuke Sites  NDTV

15 fishermen returned from Iran, efforts on to rescue others, says Tamil Nadu BJP chief Nagendran - Times of India15 fishermen returned from Iran, efforts on to rescue others, says Tamil Nadu BJP chief Nagendran  Times of India

Iran’s Khamenei makes first public appearance since war with Israel - Al JazeeraIran’s Khamenei makes first public appearance since war with Israel  Al Jazeera

BRICS declaration condemns US, Israel strikes on Iran, war in Gaza - The Indian ExpressBRICS declaration condemns US, Israel strikes on Iran, war in Gaza  The Indian Express

Iran's Khamenei Makes First Appearance Days After US Strikes On Nuke Sites - NDTVIran's Khamenei Makes First Appearance Days After US Strikes On Nuke Sites  NDTV

BRICS nations slam Trump tariffs, condemn strikes on Iran - MoneycontrolBRICS nations slam Trump tariffs, condemn strikes on Iran  Moneycontrol

BRICS Nations Back Iran; Slam Israel & American Strikes On Nuke Sites As 'ILLEGAL' - Times of IndiaBRICS Nations Back Iran; Slam Israel & American Strikes On Nuke Sites As 'ILLEGAL'  Times of India

Iran has not agreed to inspections or given up enrichment, says Trump - Al JazeeraIran has not agreed to inspections or given up enrichment, says Trump  Al Jazeera

Iran's supreme leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei makes first public appearance since Iran-Israel war started - The HinduIran's supreme leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei makes first public appearance since Iran-Israel war started  The Hindu

Russia, Iran relegated to the periphery as awkward BRICS guests - MoneycontrolRussia, Iran relegated to the periphery as awkward BRICS guests  Moneycontrol

Kolkata couple caught in Iran crossfire, return after 7 days - Times of IndiaKolkata couple caught in Iran crossfire, return after 7 days  Times of India

Europe is scrambling to form a united front and regain relevance in the Iran crisis - The GuardianEurope is scrambling to form a united front and regain relevance in the Iran crisis  The Guardian

Iran's Khamenei makes first public appearance since Israel conflict | World News - Hindustan Times - Hindustan TimesIran's Khamenei makes first public appearance since Israel conflict | World News - Hindustan Times  Hindustan Times

B-2 Mystery After Iran Strikes: Where Is The US Stealth Bomber - NDTVB-2 Mystery After Iran Strikes: Where Is The US Stealth Bomber  NDTV

Iran's Khamenei makes first public appearance since Israel conflict; attends mourning event - video - Times of IndiaIran's Khamenei makes first public appearance since Israel conflict; attends mourning event - video  Times of India

BRICS forum, in Brazil, condemns US, Israeli airstrikes on Iran - The Times of IsraelBRICS forum, in Brazil, condemns US, Israeli airstrikes on Iran  The Times of Israel

Brics denounces US tariffs as 'indiscriminate', condemns strikes on Iran - India TodayBrics denounces US tariffs as 'indiscriminate', condemns strikes on Iran  India Today

BRICS leaders condemn attacks on Gaza and Iran, urge reforms of global institutions - Telegraph IndiaBRICS leaders condemn attacks on Gaza and Iran, urge reforms of global institutions  Telegraph India

Erdogan's 'War on Israel' call at non-Arab Muslim meet, with Iran present: Full Speech| ECO| Turkey - Hindustan TimesErdogan's 'War on Israel' call at non-Arab Muslim meet, with Iran present: Full Speech| ECO| Turkey  Hindustan Times

Dissatisfaction in Iran fuels Mossad recruitment, former officer claims - The Jerusalem PostDissatisfaction in Iran fuels Mossad recruitment, former officer claims  The Jerusalem Post

EAM Jaishankar meets counterparts from Russia, Iran, Mexico on sidelines of BRICS Summit - Press Trust of IndiaEAM Jaishankar meets counterparts from Russia, Iran, Mexico on sidelines of BRICS Summit  Press Trust of India

‘You need strong nerves’: Account of a solo traveller from Taiwan who took 104 hours to escape Iran amid Israeli airstrikes - The Indian Express‘You need strong nerves’: Account of a solo traveller from Taiwan who took 104 hours to escape Iran amid Israeli airstrikes  The Indian Express

Iran’s supreme leader makes first public appearance since Iran-Israel war started - Daily ExcelsiorIran’s supreme leader makes first public appearance since Iran-Israel war started  Daily Excelsior

Trump, Netanyahu may take victory lap on Iran, but Gaza war looms over their meeting - Press Trust of IndiaTrump, Netanyahu may take victory lap on Iran, but Gaza war looms over their meeting  Press Trust of India

EAM Jaishankar meets counterparts from Iran, Mexico at Brics Summit - Business StandardEAM Jaishankar meets counterparts from Iran, Mexico at Brics Summit  Business Standard

Gaza truce, 'unhappy' talks with Putin, Iran nuclear setback: Trump addresses global conflicts- what he s - Times of IndiaGaza truce, 'unhappy' talks with Putin, Iran nuclear setback: Trump addresses global conflicts- what he s  Times of India

BRICS 2025: Jaishankar discusses bilateral ties with Russia, Iran and Mexico - MoneycontrolBRICS 2025: Jaishankar discusses bilateral ties with Russia, Iran and Mexico  Moneycontrol

After Iran victory, Gaza war looms over Trump, Netanyahu's third meeting - Business StandardAfter Iran victory, Gaza war looms over Trump, Netanyahu's third meeting  Business Standard

Mapping Israeli strikes on Iran’s air defences - Al JazeeraMapping Israeli strikes on Iran’s air defences  Al Jazeera

With Xi & Putin missing, can BRICS handle Iran & Trump storm? | HT Podcast - Hindustan TimesWith Xi & Putin missing, can BRICS handle Iran & Trump storm? | HT Podcast  Hindustan Times

'I love this guy': Trump reacts to reporter's question on…| Iran,Israel,Russia| Big Beautiful Bill - Hindustan Times'I love this guy': Trump reacts to reporter's question on…| Iran,Israel,Russia| Big Beautiful Bill  Hindustan Times

Iran Supreme Leader Khamenei seen in public for 1st time since Israel conflict - India TodayIran Supreme Leader Khamenei seen in public for 1st time since Israel conflict  India Today

Trump, Netanyahu tout Iran success as Gaza war overshadows talks - Telangana TodayTrump, Netanyahu tout Iran success as Gaza war overshadows talks  Telangana Today

Trump, Netanyahu may take victory lap on Iran, but Gaza war looms over their meeting - BusinessLineTrump, Netanyahu may take victory lap on Iran, but Gaza war looms over their meeting  BusinessLine

Iran's Bombshell Angers Putin; Russia-Iran Ties Hit After Pezeshkian's Non-Arab Muslim Bloc Meet - Times of IndiaIran's Bombshell Angers Putin; Russia-Iran Ties Hit After Pezeshkian's Non-Arab Muslim Bloc Meet  Times of India

BRICS condemns Pahalgam terror attack, military strikes against Iran - CNBC TV18BRICS condemns Pahalgam terror attack, military strikes against Iran  CNBC TV18

BRICS leaders condemn Gaza and Iran attacks, urge global reforms - MoneycontrolBRICS leaders condemn Gaza and Iran attacks, urge global reforms  Moneycontrol

New US Sanctions on Iran Increase Pressure on Iraq - Crude Oil Prices Today | OilPrice.comNew US Sanctions on Iran Increase Pressure on Iraq  Crude Oil Prices Today | OilPrice.com

BRICS leaders condemn Gaza and Iran attacks, urge global reforms - ThePrintBRICS leaders condemn Gaza and Iran attacks, urge global reforms  ThePrint

Trump Says US ‘Obliterated’ Iran’s Nuclear Sites — Rules Out Future Talks | Vantage On Firstpost - FirstpostTrump Says US ‘Obliterated’ Iran’s Nuclear Sites — Rules Out Future Talks | Vantage On Firstpost  Firstpost

Iran's Supreme Leader Khamenei reappears in public at mourning ceremony after staying off radar amid war with Israel - MintIran's Supreme Leader Khamenei reappears in public at mourning ceremony after staying off radar amid war with Israel  Mint

'Protect Khamenei' Slogans At Iran's Ashura Ceremony; 'O Iran...' Anthem Sung I Unseen Visuals - Times of India'Protect Khamenei' Slogans At Iran's Ashura Ceremony; 'O Iran...' Anthem Sung I Unseen Visuals  Times of India

Who will monitor Iran’s nuclear activities? - Al JazeeraWho will monitor Iran’s nuclear activities?  Al Jazeera

People attend rally in support of Iran's supreme leader in Tehran - XinhuaPeople attend rally in support of Iran's supreme leader in Tehran  Xinhua

EAM Jaishankar meets counterparts from Russia, Iran, Mexico on sidelines of BRICS Summit - ThePrintEAM Jaishankar meets counterparts from Russia, Iran, Mexico on sidelines of BRICS Summit  ThePrint

Russia’s Lavrov meets Iran’s Araqchi, renews offer to help solve conflict - ThePrintRussia’s Lavrov meets Iran’s Araqchi, renews offer to help solve conflict  ThePrint

Iran Struck Five Israeli Military Bases - ??????????Iran Struck Five Israeli Military Bases  ??????????

EAM Jaishankar meets counterparts from Iran, Mexico on sidelines of BRICS Summit - Rising KashmirEAM Jaishankar meets counterparts from Iran, Mexico on sidelines of BRICS Summit  Rising Kashmir

Trump Netanyahu may take victory lap on Iran but Gaza war looms over their meeting - theweek.inTrump Netanyahu may take victory lap on Iran but Gaza war looms over their meeting  theweek.in

Iran's uranium supply chain must be thwarted as nuclear program grows - The Jerusalem PostIran's uranium supply chain must be thwarted as nuclear program grows  The Jerusalem Post

France expresses concerns over disappearance of teenager during cycling trip in Iran - FirstpostFrance expresses concerns over disappearance of teenager during cycling trip in Iran  Firstpost

‘They threw us out like garbage’: Iran rushes deportation of 4 million Afghans before deadline - The Guardian‘They threw us out like garbage’: Iran rushes deportation of 4 million Afghans before deadline  The Guardian

Trump says he’ll talk to Netanyahu about ‘permanent deal with Iran’ - The Times of IsraelTrump says he’ll talk to Netanyahu about ‘permanent deal with Iran’  The Times of Israel

Iran Update, July 6, 2025 - Institute for the Study of WarIran Update, July 6, 2025  Institute for the Study of War

Israel carries out first strikes against Houthi targets in Yemen since Israel-Iran ceasefire - CNNIsrael carries out first strikes against Houthi targets in Yemen since Israel-Iran ceasefire  CNN

Iran alone in crises: Where were Russia, China in their time of need? - Euronews.comIran alone in crises: Where were Russia, China in their time of need?  Euronews.com

A text, a Telegram link, then an offer of money: how Iran sought to recruit spies in Israel - The GuardianA text, a Telegram link, then an offer of money: how Iran sought to recruit spies in Israel  The Guardian

US says its strikes degraded Iran’s nuclear programme by one to two years - Al JazeeraUS says its strikes degraded Iran’s nuclear programme by one to two years  Al Jazeera

US issues first wave of Iran sanctions after ceasefire in 12-day war - Al JazeeraUS issues first wave of Iran sanctions after ceasefire in 12-day war  Al Jazeera

Iran warns ‘whole region and beyond will suffer’ if Israel escapes accountability - Anadolu AjansiIran warns ‘whole region and beyond will suffer’ if Israel escapes accountability  Anadolu Ajansi