Iran

Country Iran
Capital Tehran
Continent Asia
Currency Rial(IRR)
Languages Persian, Azerbaijani, Kurdish, Lurish, Gilaki, Balochi, Mazandarani, Arabic, Turkmen, Armenian & Georgian

Information

Introduction

Known as Persia until 1935, Iran became an Islamic republic in 1979 after the ruling monarchy was overthrown and Shah Mohammad Reza PAHLAVI was forced into exile. Conservative clerical forces established a theocratic system of government with ultimate political authority vested in a learned religious scholar referred to commonly as the Supreme Leader who, according to the constitution, is accountable only to the Assembly of Experts - a popularly elected 86-member body of clerics. US-Iranian relations have been strained since a group of Iranian students seized the US Embassy in Tehran on 4 November 1979 and held it until 20 January 1981. During 1980-88, Iran fought a bloody, indecisive war with Iraq that eventually expanded into the Persian Gulf and led to clashes between US Navy and Iranian military forces between 1987 and 1988. Iran has been designated a state sponsor of terrorism for its activities in Lebanon and elsewhere in the world and remains subject to US, UN, and EU economic sanctions and export controls because of its continued involvement in terrorism and its nuclear weapons ambitions. Following the election of reformer Hojjat ol-Eslam Mohammad KHATAMI as president in 1997 and a reformist Majles (legislature) in 2000, a campaign to foster political reform in response to popular dissatisfaction was initiated. The movement floundered as conservative politicians, through the control of unelected institutions, prevented reform measures from being enacted and increased repressive measures. Starting with nationwide municipal elections in 2003 and continuing through Majles elections in 2004, conservatives reestablished control over Iran's elected government institutions, which culminated with the August 2005 inauguration of hardliner Mahmud AHMADI-NEJAD as president. His controversial reelection in June 2009 sparked nationwide protests over allegations of electoral fraud. The UN Security Council has passed a number of resolutions (1696 in July 2006, 1737 in December 2006, 1747 in March 2007, 1803 in March 2008, and 1835 in September 2008) calling for Iran to suspend its uranium enrichment and reprocessing activities and comply with its IAEA obligations and responsibilities. Resolutions 1737, 1477, and 1803 subject a number of Iranian individuals and entities involved in Iran's nuclear and ballistic missile programs to sanctions. Additionally, several Iranian entities are subject to US sanctions under Executive Order 13382 designations for proliferation activities and EO 13224 designations for support of terrorism.

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References

Iran - Wikipedia
Iran - CIA World Fact Book
Iran - BBC
Iran - National Geographic
Iran - Timeline - BBC

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Iran says enriched nuclear material ‘under rubble’ of facilities hit amid Israel war - The Times of Israel
  1. Iran says enriched nuclear material ‘under rubble’ of facilities hit amid Israel war  The Times of Israel
  2. Iran warns it will withdraw from fresh IAEA agreement if Europe invokes "snapback" sanctions  Peoples Dispatch
  3. Iran's Enriched Uranium Safe? Araghchi Reveals What Happened to Nuke Material at Sites Hit by US |4K  News18


France demands release of citizens held in Iran after Tehran floats prisoner swap - The HinduFrance demands release of citizens held in Iran after Tehran floats prisoner swap  The Hindu

Wasn’t Hell Supposed to Break Loose if the U.S. Struck Iran? | World News - Hindustan TimesWasn’t Hell Supposed to Break Loose if the U.S. Struck Iran? | World News  Hindustan Times

G7 countries condemn attempts by Iran to target political opponents in other countries - Tribune IndiaG7 countries condemn attempts by Iran to target political opponents in other countries  Tribune India

Iran Says Enriched Nuclear Material 'Under Rubble' of Facilities Hit by US, Israel - News18Iran Says Enriched Nuclear Material 'Under Rubble' of Facilities Hit by US, Israel  News18

Iran & Qatar Strike on Israel Soon? | Iran backs Qatari action against ‘Zionist’ Regime| World War 3 - OneindiaIran & Qatar Strike on Israel Soon? | Iran backs Qatari action against ‘Zionist’ Regime| World War 3  Oneindia

Iran's struggle for status quo in Lebanon | Daily Sabah - Daily SabahIran's struggle for status quo in Lebanon | Daily Sabah  Daily Sabah

Iran expects a prisoner swap with France including an Iranian woman held in France over Gaza posts - theweek.inIran expects a prisoner swap with France including an Iranian woman held in France over Gaza posts  theweek.in

Abusing the Snapback Mechanism: A Blow to Law, Diplomacy and Global Security - The Wire IndiaAbusing the Snapback Mechanism: A Blow to Law, Diplomacy and Global Security  The Wire India

Iran says enriched nuclear material ‘under rubble’ of facilities hit amid Israel war - WIONIran says enriched nuclear material ‘under rubble’ of facilities hit amid Israel war  WION

Statement by IAEA Director General on Iran - IAEAStatement by IAEA Director General on Iran  IAEA

Israeli intelligence admits Iran's nuclear program has not been destroyed - Le Monde.frIsraeli intelligence admits Iran's nuclear program has not been destroyed  Le Monde.fr

Iran and UN appear at odds over nuclear deal - Al JazeeraIran and UN appear at odds over nuclear deal  Al Jazeera

Iran & IAEA announce agreement on resuming nuclear inspections - NewsonairIran & IAEA announce agreement on resuming nuclear inspections  Newsonair

Iran says enriched uranium stockpile buried under bombed sites - Financial TimesIran says enriched uranium stockpile buried under bombed sites  Financial Times

Bhojpur Youth Murdered in Iran, Body Returned After 11 Months - Patna PressBhojpur Youth Murdered in Iran, Body Returned After 11 Months  Patna Press

Iran fall to India at FIBA U16 Women's Asia Cup 2025 - Tehran TimesIran fall to India at FIBA U16 Women's Asia Cup 2025  Tehran Times

UN inspectors can resume work at Iran nuclear sites after breakthrough deal - The GuardianUN inspectors can resume work at Iran nuclear sites after breakthrough deal  The Guardian

Nuclear watchdog chief announces breakthrough on Iran monitoring - UN NewsNuclear watchdog chief announces breakthrough on Iran monitoring  UN News

Sanctioning Sudanese Armed Group Leader and Islamist Militia with Links to Iran - U.S. Department of State (.gov)Sanctioning Sudanese Armed Group Leader and Islamist Militia with Links to Iran  U.S. Department of State (.gov)

What Israel's Unprecedented Strike In Qatar Means For Iran And The Region - Radio Free Europe/Radio LibertyWhat Israel's Unprecedented Strike In Qatar Means For Iran And The Region  Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty

Prisoner swap deal between France and Iran nearing 'final stages', says Tehran - France 24Prisoner swap deal between France and Iran nearing 'final stages', says Tehran  France 24

Fate of Iran's enriched nuclear stockpile unclear: It remains buried under US-bombed debris - FirstpostFate of Iran's enriched nuclear stockpile unclear: It remains buried under US-bombed debris  Firstpost

Iran Explores Partnership with China for Tourism Vehicle Imports to Enhance Travel Infrastructure - Travel And Tour WorldIran Explores Partnership with China for Tourism Vehicle Imports to Enhance Travel Infrastructure  Travel And Tour World

Israel has replaced Iran as the biggest security threat to the Gulf states | Sanam Vakil - The GuardianIsrael has replaced Iran as the biggest security threat to the Gulf states | Sanam Vakil  The Guardian

Iran says enriched nuclear material ‘under rubble’ of facilities hit during Israel war - The Times of IsraelIran says enriched nuclear material ‘under rubble’ of facilities hit during Israel war  The Times of Israel

Iran arrests eight suspected of spying for Israel’s Mossad in 12-day war - Al JazeeraIran arrests eight suspected of spying for Israel’s Mossad in 12-day war  Al Jazeera

Iran’s Foreign Policy Is Changing in Real Time - Foreign PolicyIran’s Foreign Policy Is Changing in Real Time  Foreign Policy

Five years on, a wrestler's execution still haunts Iran—and demands action - ????? ??????????Five years on, a wrestler's execution still haunts Iran—and demands action  ????? ??????????

How triggering snapback sanctions may deepen Iran nuclear crisis - Al JazeeraHow triggering snapback sanctions may deepen Iran nuclear crisis  Al Jazeera

A wake-up call for Team Melli: Iran’s CAFA setback - Tehran TimesA wake-up call for Team Melli: Iran’s CAFA setback  Tehran Times

Iran calls on Muslim countries to enhance coop in face of Israeli regime - taghribnews.comIran calls on Muslim countries to enhance coop in face of Israeli regime  taghribnews.com

US attack on Iran was sound but talks must win peace, ex-US diplomat says - ????? ??????????US attack on Iran was sound but talks must win peace, ex-US diplomat says  ????? ??????????

Germany, France, UK trigger process to reimpose sanctions on Iran - Al JazeeraGermany, France, UK trigger process to reimpose sanctions on Iran  Al Jazeera

Australia denies Iran action due to ‘intervention’ by Israel’s Netanyahu - Al JazeeraAustralia denies Iran action due to ‘intervention’ by Israel’s Netanyahu  Al Jazeera

Iran's heavy crude stands at $69.18 in August as OPEC output rises - Tehran TimesIran's heavy crude stands at $69.18 in August as OPEC output rises  Tehran Times

Iran says enriched uranium stockpile under rubble after US strikes - ????? ??????????Iran says enriched uranium stockpile under rubble after US strikes  ????? ??????????

Iran nuclear: UK, France and Germany move to reimpose UN sanctions - BBCIran nuclear: UK, France and Germany move to reimpose UN sanctions  BBC

Myanmar Joins Russia, Sudan, Ukraine, Somalia, Syria, Iraq, And Iran In Canada’s New Travel Warning, Highlighting Increased Dangers From Armed Conflicts - Travel And Tour WorldMyanmar Joins Russia, Sudan, Ukraine, Somalia, Syria, Iraq, And Iran In Canada’s New Travel Warning, Highlighting Increased Dangers From Armed Conflicts  Travel And Tour World

Iranian official: Iran's nuclear materials buried under bombed sites - chinadailyasia.comIranian official: Iran's nuclear materials buried under bombed sites  chinadailyasia.com

After years living quietly in Florida, Shah of Iran’s alleged ‘chief torturer’ must face accusations in court - The GuardianAfter years living quietly in Florida, Shah of Iran’s alleged ‘chief torturer’ must face accusations in court  The Guardian

Iran considers importing tourism vehicles from China - Tehran TimesIran considers importing tourism vehicles from China  Tehran Times

NPT Safeguards Agreement with Iran: E3 Statement to the IAEA Board of Governors, September 2025 - GOV.UKNPT Safeguards Agreement with Iran: E3 Statement to the IAEA Board of Governors, September 2025  GOV.UK

Khamenei adviser warns Azerbaijan against hosting rabbinical event - ????? ??????????Khamenei adviser warns Azerbaijan against hosting rabbinical event  ????? ??????????

IIran Seeks China's help to Install 7 gigs of new Solar Capacity in "4th Industrial Revolution" - Informed CommentIIran Seeks China's help to Install 7 gigs of new Solar Capacity in "4th Industrial Revolution"  Informed Comment

Iran Introduces New Guidelines for Foreign Tourists with Organised Tours - Travel And Tour WorldIran Introduces New Guidelines for Foreign Tourists with Organised Tours  Travel And Tour World

Western powers condemn Iran over targeting opponents abroad - ????? ??????????Western powers condemn Iran over targeting opponents abroad  ????? ??????????

Iran's Deal With UN Nuclear Watchdog Not Enough To Halt Snapback - Radio Free Europe/Radio LibertyIran's Deal With UN Nuclear Watchdog Not Enough To Halt Snapback  Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty

Iran cleric says disputed islands belong to Tehran, not UAE - IntelliNewsIran cleric says disputed islands belong to Tehran, not UAE  IntelliNews

IAEA Board of Governors on the JCPoA, September 2025: E3 Statement - GOV.UKIAEA Board of Governors on the JCPoA, September 2025: E3 Statement  GOV.UK

Opinion | Wasn’t Hell Supposed to Break Loose if the U.S. Struck Iran? - The Wall Street JournalOpinion | Wasn’t Hell Supposed to Break Loose if the U.S. Struck Iran?  The Wall Street Journal

France and Iran Edge Closer to Prisoner Swap Amid Growing Tensions - DevdiscourseFrance and Iran Edge Closer to Prisoner Swap Amid Growing Tensions  Devdiscourse

Parliament to Review Iran-IAEA Agreement Next Week - WANA News AgencyParliament to Review Iran-IAEA Agreement Next Week  WANA News Agency

Iran tour operators welcome restrictions on unplanned foreign travel - Tehran TimesIran tour operators welcome restrictions on unplanned foreign travel  Tehran Times

Defying 'maximum pressure', China uptake of Iranian oil hits pre-Trump high - ????? ??????????Defying 'maximum pressure', China uptake of Iranian oil hits pre-Trump high  ????? ??????????

Iran, Pakistan, Turkey agree with ECO to revive ITI transit rail corridor - Tehran TimesIran, Pakistan, Turkey agree with ECO to revive ITI transit rail corridor  Tehran Times

Iran and U.N. Watchdog Reach Agreement to Resume Nuclear Inspections - The New York TimesIran and U.N. Watchdog Reach Agreement to Resume Nuclear Inspections  The New York Times

Iran holds largest capacity for umbilical cord blood stem cells in West Asia - Pars TodayIran holds largest capacity for umbilical cord blood stem cells in West Asia  Pars Today

Iran-IAEA agreement - PressTVIran-IAEA agreement  PressTV

Senators blast Poland violation as Russia ups Iran-juiced drone blitzes - ????? ??????????Senators blast Poland violation as Russia ups Iran-juiced drone blitzes  ????? ??????????

Iran News in Brief – September 13, 2025 - National Council of Resistance of Iran - NCRIIran News in Brief – September 13, 2025  National Council of Resistance of Iran - NCRI

Iran will stand up to US demands to be ‘obedient’, says Khamenei - Al JazeeraIran will stand up to US demands to be ‘obedient’, says Khamenei  Al Jazeera

Russia, China slam European nations over Iran ‘snapback’ sanctions move - Al JazeeraRussia, China slam European nations over Iran ‘snapback’ sanctions move  Al Jazeera

Iran’s Water Crisis Pushes a 7,000-Year Civilization to the Brink - irannewsupdate.comIran’s Water Crisis Pushes a 7,000-Year Civilization to the Brink  irannewsupdate.com

Araghchi in Tunisia: Iran and Tunisia pledge stronger ties, condemn Israeli aggression - Tehran TimesAraghchi in Tunisia: Iran and Tunisia pledge stronger ties, condemn Israeli aggression  Tehran Times

Next Generation Penetrator: US to scoop up Iran mega-bomb successor - ????? ??????????Next Generation Penetrator: US to scoop up Iran mega-bomb successor  ????? ??????????

Shia and Sunni scholars unite to condemn Israeli aggression against Iran - Tehran TimesShia and Sunni scholars unite to condemn Israeli aggression against Iran  Tehran Times

News | Israeli general to Netanyahu cabinet: Stop this madness! / Iran shines in nanocatalyst exports - Pars TodayNews | Israeli general to Netanyahu cabinet: Stop this madness! / Iran shines in nanocatalyst exports  Pars Today

After Cairo talks, a cautious resumption of Iran-IAEA cooperation - Tehran TimesAfter Cairo talks, a cautious resumption of Iran-IAEA cooperation  Tehran Times

Iran says more talks needed to bring about IAEA inspections - ReutersIran says more talks needed to bring about IAEA inspections  Reuters

Houthis, Israel, Iran and Yemen: A Nation on the Brink - Fair ObserverHouthis, Israel, Iran and Yemen: A Nation on the Brink  Fair Observer

UN and Iran take ‘important step’ towards restarting nuclear inspections - Financial TimesUN and Iran take ‘important step’ towards restarting nuclear inspections  Financial Times

Silence is complicity: Iran calls for moral action against Israeli genocide, urges accountability - PressTVSilence is complicity: Iran calls for moral action against Israeli genocide, urges accountability  PressTV

This Memoir Is a Bridge to Iranian Solidarity - Electric LiteratureThis Memoir Is a Bridge to Iranian Solidarity  Electric Literature

‘Burkina Faso needs Iran's expertise for sustainable development’ - Tehran Times‘Burkina Faso needs Iran's expertise for sustainable development’  Tehran Times

After wedding was canceled due to Iran war, Avner Netanyahu calls off his engagement - The Times of IsraelAfter wedding was canceled due to Iran war, Avner Netanyahu calls off his engagement  The Times of Israel

Iran Says Enriched Uranium Stockpile Remains Under Bombed Nuclear Sites - Sri Lanka GuardianIran Says Enriched Uranium Stockpile Remains Under Bombed Nuclear Sites  Sri Lanka Guardian

Sharp policy swerve needed to avoid ruin, Tehran moderates warn | Iran International - ????? ??????????Sharp policy swerve needed to avoid ruin, Tehran moderates warn | Iran International  ????? ??????????

Iran vows reciprocal action after Australia expels ambassador - Al JazeeraIran vows reciprocal action after Australia expels ambassador  Al Jazeera

Iran Issues Warning Over Nuclear Agreement - NewsweekIran Issues Warning Over Nuclear Agreement  Newsweek

Iranian security threat in Jordan on the rise, officials warn | Iran International - ????? ??????????Iranian security threat in Jordan on the rise, officials warn | Iran International  ????? ??????????

Iran water polo know rivals at 2025 Asian Aquatics Championships - Tehran TimesIran water polo know rivals at 2025 Asian Aquatics Championships  Tehran Times

Iran Offers Qatar Missile Protection If It Expels US Forces - NewsweekIran Offers Qatar Missile Protection If It Expels US Forces  Newsweek

Iran's nuclear materials 'Under rubble of attacks', Foreign Minister claims - IntelliNewsIran's nuclear materials 'Under rubble of attacks', Foreign Minister claims  IntelliNews

Iran's Nuclear Material Buried Under Rubble: Abbas Araghchi - Patrika NewsIran's Nuclear Material Buried Under Rubble: Abbas Araghchi  Patrika News

Qatari official claims Israel greater threat than Iran - The Jerusalem PostQatari official claims Israel greater threat than Iran  The Jerusalem Post

Will Iran engage? Tricky diplomacy looms after IAEA deal - ????? ??????????Will Iran engage? Tricky diplomacy looms after IAEA deal  ????? ??????????

Rock carving of Sassanid ‘nobleman’ discovered in southern Iran - Tehran TimesRock carving of Sassanid ‘nobleman’ discovered in southern Iran  Tehran Times

Iran says prisoner swap with France nearing final stage - ????? ??????????Iran says prisoner swap with France nearing final stage  ????? ??????????

Iran says IAEA talks will be ‘complicated’ ahead of agency’s planned visit - Al JazeeraIran says IAEA talks will be ‘complicated’ ahead of agency’s planned visit  Al Jazeera

Hopes for French citizens held in Iran as Tehran says swap deal close - France 24Hopes for French citizens held in Iran as Tehran says swap deal close  France 24

Israeli strike in Qatar puts normalization on ice, leaves Iran in suspense - ????? ??????????Israeli strike in Qatar puts normalization on ice, leaves Iran in suspense  ????? ??????????

Iran says moment for ‘effective’ nuclear talks with US not yet reached - Al JazeeraIran says moment for ‘effective’ nuclear talks with US not yet reached  Al Jazeera

Iran, Iraq sign joint MoU to combat drug trafficking - IRNA EnglishIran, Iraq sign joint MoU to combat drug trafficking  IRNA English

Iranian lawmaker suggests Qatar host Revolutionary Guards missiles | Iran International - ????? ??????????Iranian lawmaker suggests Qatar host Revolutionary Guards missiles | Iran International  ????? ??????????

Iran expects a prisoner swap with France, including an Iranian woman held in France over Gaza posts - AP NewsIran expects a prisoner swap with France, including an Iranian woman held in France over Gaza posts  AP News

Iran, Iraq sign anti-narcotics MoU - Shafaq News - ??? ????Iran, Iraq sign anti-narcotics MoU - Shafaq News  ??? ????

Iran Update, September 12, 2025 - Critical ThreatsIran Update, September 12, 2025  Critical Threats

Snapback Sanctions Cast a Political Shadow Over Iran Regime's Supreme Leader Khamenei - irannewsupdate.comSnapback Sanctions Cast a Political Shadow Over Iran Regime's Supreme Leader Khamenei  irannewsupdate.com

Iran urges condemnation of attacks on nuclear facilities at IAEA meeting - PressTVIran urges condemnation of attacks on nuclear facilities at IAEA meeting  PressTV