Iran

Country Iran
Capital Tehran
Continent Asia
Currency Rial(IRR)
Languages Persian, Azerbaijani, Kurdish, Lurish, Gilaki, Balochi, Mazandarani, Arabic, Turkmen, Armenian & Georgian

Information

Introduction

Known as Persia until 1935, Iran became an Islamic republic in 1979 after the ruling monarchy was overthrown and Shah Mohammad Reza PAHLAVI was forced into exile. Conservative clerical forces established a theocratic system of government with ultimate political authority vested in a learned religious scholar referred to commonly as the Supreme Leader who, according to the constitution, is accountable only to the Assembly of Experts - a popularly elected 86-member body of clerics. US-Iranian relations have been strained since a group of Iranian students seized the US Embassy in Tehran on 4 November 1979 and held it until 20 January 1981. During 1980-88, Iran fought a bloody, indecisive war with Iraq that eventually expanded into the Persian Gulf and led to clashes between US Navy and Iranian military forces between 1987 and 1988. Iran has been designated a state sponsor of terrorism for its activities in Lebanon and elsewhere in the world and remains subject to US, UN, and EU economic sanctions and export controls because of its continued involvement in terrorism and its nuclear weapons ambitions. Following the election of reformer Hojjat ol-Eslam Mohammad KHATAMI as president in 1997 and a reformist Majles (legislature) in 2000, a campaign to foster political reform in response to popular dissatisfaction was initiated. The movement floundered as conservative politicians, through the control of unelected institutions, prevented reform measures from being enacted and increased repressive measures. Starting with nationwide municipal elections in 2003 and continuing through Majles elections in 2004, conservatives reestablished control over Iran's elected government institutions, which culminated with the August 2005 inauguration of hardliner Mahmud AHMADI-NEJAD as president. His controversial reelection in June 2009 sparked nationwide protests over allegations of electoral fraud. The UN Security Council has passed a number of resolutions (1696 in July 2006, 1737 in December 2006, 1747 in March 2007, 1803 in March 2008, and 1835 in September 2008) calling for Iran to suspend its uranium enrichment and reprocessing activities and comply with its IAEA obligations and responsibilities. Resolutions 1737, 1477, and 1803 subject a number of Iranian individuals and entities involved in Iran's nuclear and ballistic missile programs to sanctions. Additionally, several Iranian entities are subject to US sanctions under Executive Order 13382 designations for proliferation activities and EO 13224 designations for support of terrorism.

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References

Iran - Wikipedia
Iran - CIA World Fact Book
Iran - BBC
Iran - National Geographic
Iran - Timeline - BBC

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Iranian president lightly wounded while escaping Israeli attack - Al JazeeraIranian president lightly wounded while escaping Israeli attack  Al Jazeera

How close did Israel come to killing Iran’s president? - Al JazeeraHow close did Israel come to killing Iran’s president?  Al Jazeera

Iran's president calls for regional unity against Israel's 'destructive' agenda - India TodayIran's president calls for regional unity against Israel's 'destructive' agenda  India Today

Iran shipments to Houthis a masterclass in AIS manipulation - Lloyd's ListIran shipments to Houthis a masterclass in AIS manipulation  Lloyd's List

BREAKING: Iran-Backed Militias Strike U.S Oil Site in Iraq —Kurdistan in Flames, Drone War Escalates - OneindiaBREAKING: Iran-Backed Militias Strike U.S Oil Site in Iraq —Kurdistan in Flames, Drone War Escalates  Oneindia

‘Carefully consider…’: Indian embassy in Iran issues fresh advisory; urges nationals to use available exit options - Times of India‘Carefully consider…’: Indian embassy in Iran issues fresh advisory; urges nationals to use available exit options  Times of India

We don't trust the ceasefire, ready for any new adventurism: Iran defence chief - India TodayWe don't trust the ceasefire, ready for any new adventurism: Iran defence chief  India Today

'Israel Not Reliable': Iran Says Ceasefire Could Collapse, Military Ready For All Scenarios - Times of India'Israel Not Reliable': Iran Says Ceasefire Could Collapse, Military Ready For All Scenarios  Times of India

Why Russia Chose To Watch And Not Act In The Iran-Israel War - Zee NewsWhy Russia Chose To Watch And Not Act In The Iran-Israel War  Zee News

Iran says open to negotiations provided US respects its "red lines" - ANI NewsIran says open to negotiations provided US respects its "red lines"  ANI News

Considering US offer to restart nuclear talks, says Iran minister - Times of IndiaConsidering US offer to restart nuclear talks, says Iran minister  Times of India

'No Specific Date Or Time': Iran On Restarting Stalled Nuclear Talks With US - News18'No Specific Date Or Time': Iran On Restarting Stalled Nuclear Talks With US  News18

US Attack Pulled Back Iran’s Nuclear Program By Up To 2 Years: Pentagon; Tehran Says No Significant Damage - EurAsian TimesUS Attack Pulled Back Iran’s Nuclear Program By Up To 2 Years: Pentagon; Tehran Says No Significant Damage  EurAsian Times

Iran | Khoy, West Azarbayejan Earthquake 2023 (DREF Final Report MDRIR009) - ReliefWebIran | Khoy, West Azarbayejan Earthquake 2023 (DREF Final Report MDRIR009)  ReliefWeb

Europe is stuck in a bystander role over Iran’s nuclear program after US, Israeli bombs establish facts on the ground - The ConversationEurope is stuck in a bystander role over Iran’s nuclear program after US, Israeli bombs establish facts on the ground  The Conversation

Kerala Nurse Nimisha Priya's Execution in 48 Hours - Can Iran, A Houthi Ally, Help? - Times NowKerala Nurse Nimisha Priya's Execution in 48 Hours - Can Iran, A Houthi Ally, Help?  Times Now

Europe gives Iran deadline to contain nuclear programme or see sanctions reinstated - The GuardianEurope gives Iran deadline to contain nuclear programme or see sanctions reinstated  The Guardian

What’s the legacy of the Iran nuclear deal and its collapse? - Al JazeeraWhat’s the legacy of the Iran nuclear deal and its collapse?  Al Jazeera

Iran: Council sanctions eight individuals and one entity over serious human rights violations and transnational repression - consilium.europa.euIran: Council sanctions eight individuals and one entity over serious human rights violations and transnational repression  consilium.europa.eu

Pentagon acknowledges Iranian ballistic missile hit Qatar air base during Iran's attack - The HinduPentagon acknowledges Iranian ballistic missile hit Qatar air base during Iran's attack  The Hindu

Iran's President Was Injured In Israel's Nasrallah-Style Assassination Plot: Report - NDTVIran's President Was Injured In Israel's Nasrallah-Style Assassination Plot: Report  NDTV

Israel and Iran Usher In New Era of Psychological Warfare - The New York TimesIsrael and Iran Usher In New Era of Psychological Warfare  The New York Times

What exactly is Netanyahu smoking? Iran's foreign minister blasts Israeli PM - India TodayWhat exactly is Netanyahu smoking? Iran's foreign minister blasts Israeli PM  India Today

Iran-Israel war: A clash of missiles, narratives, and digital battlegrounds - Tehran TimesIran-Israel war: A clash of missiles, narratives, and digital battlegrounds  Tehran Times

Iran is losing its stranglehold over Iraq - The EconomistIran is losing its stranglehold over Iraq  The Economist

Nasrallah-style operation: Israel plotted to kill Iran’s President Pezeshkian? Report claims secret plan - Times of IndiaNasrallah-style operation: Israel plotted to kill Iran’s President Pezeshkian? Report claims secret plan  Times of India

What is Arrow 4? Israel afraid of Iran's hypersonic missiles? Develops new air defence system, it is capable - India.ComWhat is Arrow 4? Israel afraid of Iran's hypersonic missiles? Develops new air defence system, it is capable  India.Com

Blast at housing complex near Iran’s Qom city injures at least 7 people - Al JazeeraBlast at housing complex near Iran’s Qom city injures at least 7 people  Al Jazeera

Shocking Putin Twist In Iran-U.S. Nuclear Deal; Russia Erupts | ‘Dirty Bid To Inflame Tensions’ - Times of IndiaShocking Putin Twist In Iran-U.S. Nuclear Deal; Russia Erupts | ‘Dirty Bid To Inflame Tensions’  Times of India

Iranian FM warns UN sanctions would ‘end’ Europe’s role in nuclear issue - Al JazeeraIranian FM warns UN sanctions would ‘end’ Europe’s role in nuclear issue  Al Jazeera

Build regional stability from the ashes of Netanyahu’s war on JCPOA - Al JazeeraBuild regional stability from the ashes of Netanyahu’s war on JCPOA  Al Jazeera

Once United by Nuclear Defiance, Iran and India Now Diverge Over Ideology – and Israel - HaaretzOnce United by Nuclear Defiance, Iran and India Now Diverge Over Ideology – and Israel  Haaretz

IAEA inspectors depart Tehran after US-Israel-Iran conflict - Al JazeeraIAEA inspectors depart Tehran after US-Israel-Iran conflict  Al Jazeera

The Gulf States After the Israel-Iran War: Three Lessons Learned - ISPIThe Gulf States After the Israel-Iran War: Three Lessons Learned  ISPI

Iran could recover some uranium after US strike, Israeli official says - BBCIran could recover some uranium after US strike, Israeli official says  BBC

'B-2 pilots told me...': Trump's latest claim on Iran strikes; US president credits himself for decision - Times of India'B-2 pilots told me...': Trump's latest claim on Iran strikes; US president credits himself for decision  Times of India

Iran President Pezeshkian was reportedly injured in Israeli strikes - BBCIran President Pezeshkian was reportedly injured in Israeli strikes  BBC

What's next after Israel devastated Iran's nuclear program? - The Jerusalem PostWhat's next after Israel devastated Iran's nuclear program?  The Jerusalem Post

Russia Slams Report It Backed ‘Zero Enrichment’ Iran Nuclear Deal - The Moscow TimesRussia Slams Report It Backed ‘Zero Enrichment’ Iran Nuclear Deal  The Moscow Times

How Iran Overplayed its Hand - War on the RocksHow Iran Overplayed its Hand  War on the Rocks

Death toll from Israeli attacks on Gaza surpasses 58,000, says health ministry – as it happened - The GuardianDeath toll from Israeli attacks on Gaza surpasses 58,000, says health ministry – as it happened  The Guardian

Iran vows ‘proportionate response’ if Europe triggers ‘snapback’ of UN sanctions - Anadolu AjansiIran vows ‘proportionate response’ if Europe triggers ‘snapback’ of UN sanctions  Anadolu Ajansi

Iran’s recent UNESCO label was a combined effort of archaeology and cultural diplomacy - Tehran TimesIran’s recent UNESCO label was a combined effort of archaeology and cultural diplomacy  Tehran Times

Iran Conflict: Four Lessons Learned for the Oil Market - CSIS | Center for Strategic and International StudiesIran Conflict: Four Lessons Learned for the Oil Market  CSIS | Center for Strategic and International Studies

Scale of Afghans returning from Iran is overwhelming, says UN official - MillenniumPostScale of Afghans returning from Iran is overwhelming, says UN official  MillenniumPost

Regime in Crisis? Iran’s New Strategic Dilemmas - Geopolitical MonitorRegime in Crisis? Iran’s New Strategic Dilemmas  Geopolitical Monitor

"Ending the conflict with Iran and removing other regional threats could be a real game changer for Israel’s economy" - CTech"Ending the conflict with Iran and removing other regional threats could be a real game changer for Israel’s economy"  CTech

India Issues Travel Advisory For Iran Amid Escalating Tensions - Republic WorldIndia Issues Travel Advisory For Iran Amid Escalating Tensions  Republic World

Trump Signals Support for New Israel Attack if Iran Moves Toward Bomb - WSJ - The Wall Street JournalTrump Signals Support for New Israel Attack if Iran Moves Toward Bomb - WSJ  The Wall Street Journal

Iran president signs law suspending cooperation with IAEA - Al JazeeraIran president signs law suspending cooperation with IAEA  Al Jazeera

Iran says willing to resume nuclear talks with US if guaranteed no further attacks - Le Monde.frIran says willing to resume nuclear talks with US if guaranteed no further attacks  Le Monde.fr

Israeli F-15 malfunctioned above Iran in war, just avoided emergency landing — report - The Times of IsraelIsraeli F-15 malfunctioned above Iran in war, just avoided emergency landing — report  The Times of Israel

US issues first wave of Iran sanctions after ceasefire in 12-day war - Al JazeeraUS issues first wave of Iran sanctions after ceasefire in 12-day war  Al Jazeera

Iran Update, July 10, 2025 - Institute for the Study of WarIran Update, July 10, 2025  Institute for the Study of War

A Maximalist Moment: Why Israel Isn’t Done with Iran - orfonline.orgA Maximalist Moment: Why Israel Isn’t Done with Iran  orfonline.org

US says its strikes degraded Iran’s nuclear programme by one to two years - Al JazeeraUS says its strikes degraded Iran’s nuclear programme by one to two years  Al Jazeera

Report claims to expose Iran-backed bots targeting UK that went dark during war - The Times of IsraelReport claims to expose Iran-backed bots targeting UK that went dark during war  The Times of Israel

FBI releases new images of Iran intel officers allegedly involved in Robert Levinson abduction - CBS NewsFBI releases new images of Iran intel officers allegedly involved in Robert Levinson abduction  CBS News

Iran says it will respond to reimposition of UN sanctions - ReutersIran says it will respond to reimposition of UN sanctions  Reuters

Netanyahu says he’s ‘confident’ hostage deal can be reached, Iran in ‘deep trouble’ - The Times of IsraelNetanyahu says he’s ‘confident’ hostage deal can be reached, Iran in ‘deep trouble’  The Times of Israel

Putin said to tell Trump, Iran that he backs deal barring Tehran from enriching uranium - The Times of IsraelPutin said to tell Trump, Iran that he backs deal barring Tehran from enriching uranium  The Times of Israel

'Israel Burns After Nuclear Attack’: Iran Official Shares Chilling Pic Of ‘Apocalypse’ | WW3 Teaser? - Times of India'Israel Burns After Nuclear Attack’: Iran Official Shares Chilling Pic Of ‘Apocalypse’ | WW3 Teaser?  Times of India

After backing Israel, Iran’s self-styled crown prince loses support - Al JazeeraAfter backing Israel, Iran’s self-styled crown prince loses support  Al Jazeera

Iran may approach bomb-grade enrichment if UN sanctions restored – IRGC media - ????? ??????????Iran may approach bomb-grade enrichment if UN sanctions restored – IRGC media  ????? ??????????

UN nuclear inspectors hid microchips in their shoes, Iranian MP alleges | Iran International - ????? ??????????UN nuclear inspectors hid microchips in their shoes, Iranian MP alleges | Iran International  ????? ??????????

Iran’s president accused of coup plans as post-war rift widens - ????? ??????????Iran’s president accused of coup plans as post-war rift widens  ????? ??????????

Pakistani fishers feel the impact of Iran-Israel war - Dialogue EarthPakistani fishers feel the impact of Iran-Israel war  Dialogue Earth

Iran President Pezeshkian was injured in Israeli strikes on Tehran in June: Report - The Indian ExpressIran President Pezeshkian was injured in Israeli strikes on Tehran in June: Report  The Indian Express

Iran Update, July 13, 2025 - Institute for the Study of WarIran Update, July 13, 2025  Institute for the Study of War

Drones could soon strike a European city, Iranian official warns | Iran International - ????? ??????????Drones could soon strike a European city, Iranian official warns | Iran International  ????? ??????????

Iran ready to resume nuclear talks with US only after 'firm guarantee' of no attacks | World News - Hindustan Times - Hindustan TimesIran ready to resume nuclear talks with US only after 'firm guarantee' of no attacks | World News - Hindustan Times  Hindustan Times

Iran and the Logic of Limited Wars - Foreign PolicyIran and the Logic of Limited Wars  Foreign Policy

Iran threatens Europe as France, Germany, and UK weigh snapback options - Long War JournalIran threatens Europe as France, Germany, and UK weigh snapback options  Long War Journal

Iran’s President Masoud Pezeshkian injured while escaping Israeli ‘assassination’ attempt - MintIran’s President Masoud Pezeshkian injured while escaping Israeli ‘assassination’ attempt  Mint

What Israel’s attack on Iran means for the future of war - Al JazeeraWhat Israel’s attack on Iran means for the future of war  Al Jazeera

Iran’s Last Card - Mishpacha MagazineIran’s Last Card  Mishpacha Magazine

Update on Developments in Iran (7) - International Atomic Energy AgencyUpdate on Developments in Iran (7)  International Atomic Energy Agency

Israel-Iran war: Netanyahu achieved a tactical victory but failed strategically - FirstpostIsrael-Iran war: Netanyahu achieved a tactical victory but failed strategically  Firstpost

Iran says it will work with IAEA but inspections may be risky - ReutersIran says it will work with IAEA but inspections may be risky  Reuters

After the Bombings, Iran Tightened Its Censorship. Iranians Aren’t Standing For It. - Council on Foreign RelationsAfter the Bombings, Iran Tightened Its Censorship. Iranians Aren’t Standing For It.  Council on Foreign Relations

Iranian president Pezeshkian injured during Israeli strike on bunker: Report - India TodayIranian president Pezeshkian injured during Israeli strike on bunker: Report  India Today

The Post-Iranian Middle East - Foreign AffairsThe Post-Iranian Middle East  Foreign Affairs

In US, Iran strikes’ afterglow buys Netanyahu time to carry on ineffective Gaza war - The Times of IsraelIn US, Iran strikes’ afterglow buys Netanyahu time to carry on ineffective Gaza war  The Times of Israel

Iran sees chance for nuclear deal with U.S. even after attacks - The Washington PostIran sees chance for nuclear deal with U.S. even after attacks  The Washington Post

What we know about alleged Israeli strike on Iran's National Security Council | Iran International - ????? ??????????What we know about alleged Israeli strike on Iran's National Security Council | Iran International  ????? ??????????

Qatar to compensate residents affected by debris after Iranian missile strike; 2-day deadline to submit c - Times of IndiaQatar to compensate residents affected by debris after Iranian missile strike; 2-day deadline to submit c  Times of India

Iran destroyed dome in Qatar used by US for communications, satellite images suggest - The Times of IsraelIran destroyed dome in Qatar used by US for communications, satellite images suggest  The Times of Israel

Iran says it is committed to NPT, slams Germany’s support for Israel - Al JazeeraIran says it is committed to NPT, slams Germany’s support for Israel  Al Jazeera

Are We Seeing the Outlines of a New Middle East? - The New York TimesAre We Seeing the Outlines of a New Middle East?  The New York Times

Blast caused by gas leak injures 7 in Iranian city of Qom - ReutersBlast caused by gas leak injures 7 in Iranian city of Qom  Reuters

Russia, Iran and China intensifying life-threatening operations in UK, police say - YahooRussia, Iran and China intensifying life-threatening operations in UK, police say  Yahoo

Judge Approves Release of Iranian Arrested in Louisiana After U.S. Bombed Iran - The New York TimesJudge Approves Release of Iranian Arrested in Louisiana After U.S. Bombed Iran  The New York Times

Iran Update, July 9, 2025 - Institute for the Study of WarIran Update, July 9, 2025  Institute for the Study of War

UNESCO adds Iran’s Khorramabad Valley to World Heritage List, highlighting 60,000 years of human history - Archaeology News Online MagazineUNESCO adds Iran’s Khorramabad Valley to World Heritage List, highlighting 60,000 years of human history  Archaeology News Online Magazine

Explosions across Iran continue - www.israelhayom.comExplosions across Iran continue  www.israelhayom.com

Israeli strike modeled on Nasrallah assassination operation injured Iran president: Report | World News - Hindustan Times - Hindustan TimesIsraeli strike modeled on Nasrallah assassination operation injured Iran president: Report | World News - Hindustan Times  Hindustan Times

Iran, China, and Russia behind life-threatening operations in UK, British police say - The Jerusalem PostIran, China, and Russia behind life-threatening operations in UK, British police say  The Jerusalem Post

Iranian official posts image that appears to depict a nuclear strike on Israel | Iran International - ????? ??????????Iranian official posts image that appears to depict a nuclear strike on Israel | Iran International  ????? ??????????

Letter: Attacks on Iran slow nuclear programme yet solve nothing - Financial TimesLetter: Attacks on Iran slow nuclear programme yet solve nothing  Financial Times

Iran vows retaliation if UN Security Council issues snapback sanctions on anniversary of nuclear deal - Fox NewsIran vows retaliation if UN Security Council issues snapback sanctions on anniversary of nuclear deal  Fox News

Iran: ‘No specific date’ for nuclear talks with US, but ‘window for diplomacy’ open - The Times of IsraelIran: ‘No specific date’ for nuclear talks with US, but ‘window for diplomacy’ open  The Times of Israel

France, UK, Germany to trigger UN ‘snapback’ on Iran by August if no nuclear deal - The Times of IsraelFrance, UK, Germany to trigger UN ‘snapback’ on Iran by August if no nuclear deal  The Times of Israel

Iran hardens stance against IAEA and its chief in wake of US-Israel attacks - Al JazeeraIran hardens stance against IAEA and its chief in wake of US-Israel attacks  Al Jazeera

After Iran's war with Israel, questions return about Khamenei's potential successors - NPRAfter Iran's war with Israel, questions return about Khamenei's potential successors  NPR

Hezbollah's strategic ascension after Iran's open war with Israel - thecradle.coHezbollah's strategic ascension after Iran's open war with Israel  thecradle.co

Iran to hold talks with Chinese, Russian partners at summit - ReutersIran to hold talks with Chinese, Russian partners at summit  Reuters