Turkey

Country Turkey
Capital Ankara
Continent Asia
Currency Turkish lira(TRY)
Languages Turkish

Information

Introduction

Ahmad Modern Turkey was founded in 1923 from the Anatolian remnants of the defeated Ottoman Empire by national hero Mustafa KEMAL, who was later honored with the title Ataturk or "Father of the Turks." Under his authoritarian leadership, the country adopted wide-ranging social, legal, and political reforms. After a period of one-party rule, an experiment with multi-party politics led to the 1950 election victory of the opposition Democratic Party and the peaceful transfer of power. Since then, Turkish political parties have multiplied, but democracy has been fractured by periods of instability and intermittent military coups (1960, 1971, 1980), which in each case eventually resulted in a return of political power to civilians. In 1997, the military again helped engineer the ouster - popularly dubbed a "post-modern coup" - of the then Islamic-oriented government. Turkey intervened militarily on Cyprus in 1974 to prevent a Greek takeover of the island and has since acted as patron state to the "Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus," which only Turkey recognizes. A separatist insurgency begun in 1984 by the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) - now known as the People's Congress of Kurdistan or Kongra-Gel (KGK) - has dominated the Turkish military's attention and claimed more than 30,000 lives. After the capture of the group's leader in 1999, the insurgents largely withdrew from Turkey mainly to northern Iraq. In 2004, KGK announced an end to its ceasefire and attacks attributed to the KGK increased. Turkey joined the UN in 1945 and in 1952 it became a member of NATO; it holds a non-permanent seat on the UN Security Council during 2009-10. In 1964, Turkey became an associate member of the European Community. Over the past decade, it has undertaken many reforms to strengthen its democracy and economy; it began accession membership talks with the European Union in 2005.

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References

Turkey - Wikipedia
Turkey- CIA World Fact Book
Turkey - BBC
Turkey - National Geographic
Turkey - Timeline - BBC

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Europe Turns a Blind Eye to Erdogan’s Crackdown Because It Needs Turkey - WSJEurope Turns a Blind Eye to Erdogan’s Crackdown Because It Needs Turkey  WSJ

Lessons from Russia, Turkey and India for Trump’s America - Financial TimesLessons from Russia, Turkey and India for Trump’s America  Financial Times

When Turkey’s Honorary Consul-General was disqualified as MLA in Tamil Nadu - The HinduWhen Turkey’s Honorary Consul-General was disqualified as MLA in Tamil Nadu  The Hindu

Opinion | Turkey: History Comes Back To Bite Erdogan - NDTVOpinion | Turkey: History Comes Back To Bite Erdogan  NDTV

Türkiye's self-sabotage directly benefits India - Deccan HeraldTürkiye's self-sabotage directly benefits India  Deccan Herald

Europe turns a blind eye to Erdogan’s crackdown because it needs Turkey | Mint - MintEurope turns a blind eye to Erdogan’s crackdown because it needs Turkey | Mint  Mint

Turkey's Erdogan Calls For Destruction Of Israel In Eid Prayer As Domestic Tension Soars - News18Turkey's Erdogan Calls For Destruction Of Israel In Eid Prayer As Domestic Tension Soars  News18

Swedish journalist arrested in Turkey over alleged links to Kurdish separatists - India TodaySwedish journalist arrested in Turkey over alleged links to Kurdish separatists  India Today

Turkey democracy crisis: where religion, power and repression intersect - The ConversationTurkey democracy crisis: where religion, power and repression intersect  The Conversation

Myanmar earthquake, Turkey protests, Eid al-Fitr: The week in pictures - France 24Myanmar earthquake, Turkey protests, Eid al-Fitr: The week in pictures  France 24

Watch: Pikachu seen fleeing police during anti-Erdogan protests in Turkey - Times of IndiaWatch: Pikachu seen fleeing police during anti-Erdogan protests in Turkey  Times of India

Turkey moves to take control of Syria’s strategic T4 air base: Sources - Middle East EyeTurkey moves to take control of Syria’s strategic T4 air base: Sources  Middle East Eye

Turkey is an incredibly powerful broker in the current world crisis, and a masterful negotiator - The ConversationTurkey is an incredibly powerful broker in the current world crisis, and a masterful negotiator  The Conversation

Pikachu spotted fleeing from police during Turkey protests in bizarre video: ‘Pokemon have risen against Erdogan’ - Hindustan TimesPikachu spotted fleeing from police during Turkey protests in bizarre video: ‘Pokemon have risen against Erdogan’  Hindustan Times

Western intelligence source to 'Post': Turkey aims to activate the Syrian T4 air base - The Jerusalem PostWestern intelligence source to 'Post': Turkey aims to activate the Syrian T4 air base  The Jerusalem Post

Turkish opposition leader calls for weekly rallies and deeper economic boycott - The GuardianTurkish opposition leader calls for weekly rallies and deeper economic boycott  The Guardian

Air Astana Launches New Routes And Expands Services To Turkey And Georgia, Offering Boosted Travel Opportunities This Summer - Travel And Tour WorldAir Astana Launches New Routes And Expands Services To Turkey And Georgia, Offering Boosted Travel Opportunities This Summer  Travel And Tour World

Iraq seeks more compensation from Turkey, 'blocks' reopening of Kurds' oil pipeline - AL-MonitorIraq seeks more compensation from Turkey, 'blocks' reopening of Kurds' oil pipeline  AL-Monitor

Turkey mulls building new military base to train forces in Syria - The New ArabTurkey mulls building new military base to train forces in Syria  The New Arab

Opinion | Turkey Protests: Erdogan Faces The Crisis Of His Life - NDTVOpinion | Turkey Protests: Erdogan Faces The Crisis Of His Life  NDTV

‘They’ve Crossed a Threshold of Fear’: Turkey’s Youth Rise Up - The Media Line‘They’ve Crossed a Threshold of Fear’: Turkey’s Youth Rise Up  The Media Line

In Turkey, 'We are no longer afraid to speak out about the things that have become unbearable for us' - Le Monde.frIn Turkey, 'We are no longer afraid to speak out about the things that have become unbearable for us'  Le Monde.fr

Turkey’s young ‘hope of millions’ held in jail as Erdogan cracks down on protests - The GuardianTurkey’s young ‘hope of millions’ held in jail as Erdogan cracks down on protests  The Guardian

Turkey confirms arrest of Swedish journalist - politico.euTurkey confirms arrest of Swedish journalist  politico.eu

The Debate - Which course for Turkey? Mass protests defy Erdogan's 22-year grip on power - France 24The Debate - Which course for Turkey? Mass protests defy Erdogan's 22-year grip on power  France 24

Meta Faces Fines in Turkey After Failing to Comply With Removal Orders - Social Media TodayMeta Faces Fines in Turkey After Failing to Comply With Removal Orders  Social Media Today

Turkey's jailed mayor Ekrem Imamoglu criticises West for 'silence' - Business StandardTurkey's jailed mayor Ekrem Imamoglu criticises West for 'silence'  Business Standard

Hundreds of thousands, maybe millions, gather at Istanbul rally to protest against Erdogan - The Times of IsraelHundreds of thousands, maybe millions, gather at Istanbul rally to protest against Erdogan  The Times of Israel

Meta faces ‘substantial’ fine for not complying with Turkey’s gag orders - politico.euMeta faces ‘substantial’ fine for not complying with Turkey’s gag orders  politico.eu

Foreign investors wary of Turkey despite $25bn lira intervention - Financial TimesForeign investors wary of Turkey despite $25bn lira intervention  Financial Times

What next for Turkey: More authoritarianism? - DWWhat next for Turkey: More authoritarianism?  DW

Corner Kitchen: Strawberry Pesto & Turkey Sandwich pt. 1 - fox34.comCorner Kitchen: Strawberry Pesto & Turkey Sandwich pt. 1  fox34.com

Turkey: Hundreds of thousands join growing Istanbul protest - DWTurkey: Hundreds of thousands join growing Istanbul protest  DW

Turkey’s moves in Syria threaten Israel - JNS.orgTurkey’s moves in Syria threaten Israel  JNS.org

Turkey protests: Pro-democracy demonstrators return to Istanbul's streets for huge rally - BBCTurkey protests: Pro-democracy demonstrators return to Istanbul's streets for huge rally  BBC

Turkey arrests Swedish journalist Joakim Medin over 'terrorism' - Euronews.comTurkey arrests Swedish journalist Joakim Medin over 'terrorism'  Euronews.com

I’ve never seen such clampdowns in Istanbul. Turkey’s democracy is fighting for its life | Orhan Pamuk - The GuardianI’ve never seen such clampdowns in Istanbul. Turkey’s democracy is fighting for its life | Orhan Pamuk  The Guardian

'Then, the phone rang': BBC's Mark Lowen on being deported from Turkey - BBC'Then, the phone rang': BBC's Mark Lowen on being deported from Turkey  BBC

Turkey: Is Erdogan taking an even more authoritarian turn? - DWTurkey: Is Erdogan taking an even more authoritarian turn?  DW

Hundreds of thousands join mass opposition protest in Istanbul - France 24Hundreds of thousands join mass opposition protest in Istanbul  France 24

International report - Further arrests as Turkey cracks down on protests over jailed Istanbul mayor - RFIInternational report - Further arrests as Turkey cracks down on protests over jailed Istanbul mayor  RFI

Turkey says Swedish journalist detained on terror charges and for ‘insulting the president’ - The GuardianTurkey says Swedish journalist detained on terror charges and for ‘insulting the president’  The Guardian

With his main rival in jail, Erdogan turns Turkey into an ‘assumed autocracy’ - France 24With his main rival in jail, Erdogan turns Turkey into an ‘assumed autocracy’  France 24

Turkey increasing military assistance to Syria - The Long War JournalTurkey increasing military assistance to Syria  The Long War Journal

In Turkey's Kurdish heartland, distrust erodes peace process hopes - ReutersIn Turkey's Kurdish heartland, distrust erodes peace process hopes  Reuters

Erdogan: Turkey's all-powerful leader of 20 years - BBCErdogan: Turkey's all-powerful leader of 20 years  BBC

Turkey’s Opposition Is Energized: ‘The Fire Is Already Lit’ - The New York TimesTurkey’s Opposition Is Energized: ‘The Fire Is Already Lit’  The New York Times

Hundreds of thousands demonstrate in Istanbul to defend democracy - Le Monde.frHundreds of thousands demonstrate in Istanbul to defend democracy  Le Monde.fr

Why did Turkey deport a BBC journalist amid mass anti-Erdogan protests? - FirstpostWhy did Turkey deport a BBC journalist amid mass anti-Erdogan protests?  Firstpost

Plane with 150 Israeli students aboard makes emergency landing in Turkey - JNS.orgPlane with 150 Israeli students aboard makes emergency landing in Turkey  JNS.org

Israeli students' flight arrives safely in Poland after emergency stop in Turkey - The Jerusalem PostIsraeli students' flight arrives safely in Poland after emergency stop in Turkey  The Jerusalem Post

Israel must act now to prevent a future war with Turkey - YnetnewsIsrael must act now to prevent a future war with Turkey  Ynetnews

'Damn Zionist Israel': Are Israel and Turkey on a collision course? - The Jerusalem Post'Damn Zionist Israel': Are Israel and Turkey on a collision course?  The Jerusalem Post

Israel should sever ties with Erdogan's Turkey - YnetnewsIsrael should sever ties with Erdogan's Turkey  Ynetnews

Turkey’s expansionism in Syria creates new challenges for Israel - JNS.orgTurkey’s expansionism in Syria creates new challenges for Israel  JNS.org

Hundreds of thousands join protest in defence of Erdogan rival jailed in Turkey – video - The GuardianHundreds of thousands join protest in defence of Erdogan rival jailed in Turkey – video  The Guardian

Opinion | Turkey Knows How to Get F-35s - WSJOpinion | Turkey Knows How to Get F-35s  WSJ

The Unlikely Resistance in Turkey - JacobinThe Unlikely Resistance in Turkey  Jacobin

The Guardian view on Turkey’s protests: a rejection of Erdogan’s autocracy | Editorial - The GuardianThe Guardian view on Turkey’s protests: a rejection of Erdogan’s autocracy | Editorial  The Guardian

More arrests as Turkey escalates crackdown over protests - France 24More arrests as Turkey escalates crackdown over protests  France 24

Turkish opposition rallies in defence of jailed Istanbul mayor in mass protest - The GuardianTurkish opposition rallies in defence of jailed Istanbul mayor in mass protest  The Guardian

Israeli high schoolers stranded at Turkey airport for over 12 hours - The Times of IsraelIsraeli high schoolers stranded at Turkey airport for over 12 hours  The Times of Israel

‘They’ve crossed the fear threshold’: Turkey’s youth rise up against Erdogan - Ynetnews‘They’ve crossed the fear threshold’: Turkey’s youth rise up against Erdogan  Ynetnews

Rethinking Democracy Ep. 7: The Protests and Political Crisis Shaping Turkey's Democratic Future - Middle East InstituteRethinking Democracy Ep. 7: The Protests and Political Crisis Shaping Turkey's Democratic Future  Middle East Institute

BBC reporter arrested and deported from Turkey - BBCBBC reporter arrested and deported from Turkey  BBC

Turkey's opposition threatens to block UK Labour return to Socialist International - Middle East EyeTurkey's opposition threatens to block UK Labour return to Socialist International  Middle East Eye

Turkey detains nearly 1,900 in protests over jailed mayor, rejects foreign criticism - ReutersTurkey detains nearly 1,900 in protests over jailed mayor, rejects foreign criticism  Reuters

Next US ambassador to Turkey urges Erdogan not to clash with Trump - eKathimerini.comNext US ambassador to Turkey urges Erdogan not to clash with Trump  eKathimerini.com

Turkey says Chery Auto's partners to invest $1 bln in plant to make 200,000 cars/year - ReutersTurkey says Chery Auto's partners to invest $1 bln in plant to make 200,000 cars/year  Reuters

The anti-Erdogan Pikachu rallying Turkey and worldwide protests - YnetnewsThe anti-Erdogan Pikachu rallying Turkey and worldwide protests  Ynetnews

The End of Competitive Authoritarianism in Turkey - Freedom HouseThe End of Competitive Authoritarianism in Turkey  Freedom House

EU faces balancing act over Turkey ties - DWEU faces balancing act over Turkey ties  DW

Turkey Launches Probe Into Calls for Economic Boycott After Istanbul Mayor's Arrest - U.S. News & World ReportTurkey Launches Probe Into Calls for Economic Boycott After Istanbul Mayor's Arrest  U.S. News & World Report

Trump's pick for envoy to Türkiye stresses country's strategic role - Anadolu AjansiTrump's pick for envoy to Türkiye stresses country's strategic role  Anadolu Ajansi

Untapped potential of Bangladesh-Türkiye strategic partnership | Daily Sabah - Daily SabahUntapped potential of Bangladesh-Türkiye strategic partnership | Daily Sabah  Daily Sabah

EU faces billion-euro dilemma over Turkey crisis - politico.euEU faces billion-euro dilemma over Turkey crisis  politico.eu

Rubio voices US concerns to Turkey after arrest of Istanbul mayor - ReutersRubio voices US concerns to Turkey after arrest of Istanbul mayor  Reuters

Israel-Turkey Tensions Mounting Over Air Bases In Syria - YahooIsrael-Turkey Tensions Mounting Over Air Bases In Syria  Yahoo

Türkiye's president discusses global issues with world leaders, extends Eid greetings - Anadolu AjansiTürkiye's president discusses global issues with world leaders, extends Eid greetings  Anadolu Ajansi

Turkey arrests Swedish journalist over alleged terrorist connections to a pro-Kurdish group - AP NewsTurkey arrests Swedish journalist over alleged terrorist connections to a pro-Kurdish group  AP News

Erdogan demands Allah to 'damn Zionist Israel' in Eid al-Fitr remarks, Israel condemns - The Jerusalem PostErdogan demands Allah to 'damn Zionist Israel' in Eid al-Fitr remarks, Israel condemns  The Jerusalem Post

More journalists detained by Turkey after covering anti-government protests - The Times of IsraelMore journalists detained by Turkey after covering anti-government protests  The Times of Israel

Israeli Knesset Member Ohad Tal calls Türkiye an ‘enemy state’ - Türkiye TodayIsraeli Knesset Member Ohad Tal calls Türkiye an ‘enemy state’  Türkiye Today

Turkey plans new big tech regulations that risk clash with U.S. - FortuneTurkey plans new big tech regulations that risk clash with U.S.  Fortune

Turkey: Dilek Imamoglu, the woman standing up to Erdogan - DWTurkey: Dilek Imamoglu, the woman standing up to Erdogan  DW

We Study Repression in Turkey. Now We See It Here. - The AtlanticWe Study Repression in Turkey. Now We See It Here.  The Atlantic

Trump Shouldn’t Back a Loser in Turkey. It’s Time to Dump Erdogan - Middle East ForumTrump Shouldn’t Back a Loser in Turkey. It’s Time to Dump Erdogan  Middle East Forum

Turkey Deports BBC Reporter Who Covered Mass Protests - The New York TimesTurkey Deports BBC Reporter Who Covered Mass Protests  The New York Times

Turkey protests: CHP vows protests will continue 'in every city' - BBCTurkey protests: CHP vows protests will continue 'in every city'  BBC

BBC reporter arrested and deported from Turkey after covering protests - The GuardianBBC reporter arrested and deported from Turkey after covering protests  The Guardian

Police use force to break up protests at a university in Turkey’s capital - AP NewsPolice use force to break up protests at a university in Turkey’s capital  AP News

Imamoglu's lawyer detained amid ongoing protests in Turkey - DWImamoglu's lawyer detained amid ongoing protests in Turkey  DW

Turkey’s opposition mobilizes huge crowd to protest jailing of Istanbul mayor - politico.euTurkey’s opposition mobilizes huge crowd to protest jailing of Istanbul mayor  politico.eu

Aselsan Secures $616M to Develop Equipment for Turkey’s ‘Steel Dome’ - The Defense PostAselsan Secures $616M to Develop Equipment for Turkey’s ‘Steel Dome’  The Defense Post

Turkey Unlikely Capable Of Contesting Israeli Air Supremacy Over Syria - ForbesTurkey Unlikely Capable Of Contesting Israeli Air Supremacy Over Syria  Forbes

Congress urges Türkiye to release detained mayors and stop their dismissals and detention - coe.intCongress urges Türkiye to release detained mayors and stop their dismissals and detention  coe.int

Swedish journalist held in Turkey not housed with other prisoners, employer says - Turkish MinuteSwedish journalist held in Turkey not housed with other prisoners, employer says  Turkish Minute

Mass Protests in Turkey and Other Headlines of the Day - Council on Foreign RelationsMass Protests in Turkey and Other Headlines of the Day  Council on Foreign Relations

Eliminating opponents: On Erdogan and Türkiye’s future - The HinduEliminating opponents: On Erdogan and Türkiye’s future  The Hindu

Thousands turn out in Turkey for protests after more than 1,400 arrests - BBCThousands turn out in Turkey for protests after more than 1,400 arrests  BBC