Bosnia and Herzegovina

Country Bosnia and Herzegovina
Capital Sarajevo
Continent Europe
Currency Convertible Mark(BAM)
Languages Bosnian, Croatian & Serbian

Information

Introduction

Bosnia and Herzegovina's declaration of sovereignty in October 1991 was followed by a declaration of independence from the former Yugoslavia on 3 March 1992 after a referendum boycotted by ethnic Serbs. The Bosnian Serbs - supported by neighboring Serbia and Montenegro - responded with armed resistance aimed at partitioning the republic along ethnic lines and joining Serb-held areas to form a "Greater Serbia." In March 1994, Bosniaks and Croats reduced the number of warring factions from three to two by signing an agreement creating a joint Bosniak/Croat Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. On 21 November 1995, in Dayton, Ohio, the warring parties initialed a peace agreement that brought to a halt three years of interethnic civil strife (the final agreement was signed in Paris on 14 December 1995). The Dayton Peace Accords retained Bosnia and Herzegovina's international boundaries and created a multi-ethnic and democratic government charged with conducting foreign, diplomatic, and fiscal policy. Also recognized was a second tier of government composed of two entities roughly equal in size: the Bosniak/Croat Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Bosnian Serb-led Republika Srpska (RS). The Federation and RS governments were charged with overseeing most government functions. The Dayton Accords also established the Office of the High Representative (OHR) to oversee the implementation of the civilian aspects of the agreement. The Peace Implementation Council (PIC) at its conference in Bonn in 1997 also gave the High Representative the authority to impose legislation and remove officials, the so-called "Bonn Powers." In 1995-96, a NATO-led international peacekeeping force (IFOR) of 60,000 troops served in Bosnia to implement and monitor the military aspects of the agreement. IFOR was succeeded by a smaller, NATO-led Stabilization Force (SFOR) whose mission was to deter renewed hostilities. European Union peacekeeping troops (EUFOR) replaced SFOR in December 2004; their mission is to maintain peace and stability throughout the country. EUFOR's mission changed from peacekeeping to civil policing in October 2007, with its presence reduced from nearly 7,000 to less than 2,500 troops. Troop strength at the end of 2009 stood at roughly 2,000. In January 2010, Bosnia and Herzegovina assumed a nonpermanent seat on the UN Security Council for the 2010-11 term.

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References

Bosnia and Herzegovina - Wikipedia
Bosnia and Herzegovina - CIA World Fact Book
Bosnia and Herzegovina - BBC
Bosnia and Herzegovina - Timeline - BBC

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Institutions and journalists collaborate towards stronger media environment in Bosnia and Herzegovina - The Council of EuropeInstitutions and journalists collaborate towards stronger media environment in Bosnia and Herzegovina  The Council of Europe

Bosnian Serb leader back in Sarajevo after arrest attempt - Times of IndiaBosnian Serb leader back in Sarajevo after arrest attempt  Times of India

What’s at stake for Bosnia and Herzegovina as Milorad Dodik faces a political reckoning? - Atlantic CouncilWhat’s at stake for Bosnia and Herzegovina as Milorad Dodik faces a political reckoning?  Atlantic Council

Op-Ed by Ambassador Brian Aggeler on current situation in Bosnia and Herzegovina - Organization for Security and Co-operation in EuropeOp-Ed by Ambassador Brian Aggeler on current situation in Bosnia and Herzegovina  Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe

How Bosnia Could Break Europe: The Return of Serbian Nationalism Could Start Another War on the Continent - Foreign AffairsHow Bosnia Could Break Europe: The Return of Serbian Nationalism Could Start Another War on the Continent  Foreign Affairs

Bosnia and Herzegovina—Country Climate and Development Report - World BankBosnia and Herzegovina—Country Climate and Development Report  World Bank

Bosnia and Herzegovina 21 March: Lectures and publication launch - Food and Agriculture OrganizationBosnia and Herzegovina 21 March: Lectures and publication launch  Food and Agriculture Organization

Western Balkans - Mixed Migratory Flows Report (March 2025) [EN/AL/BS/MK] - ReliefWebWestern Balkans - Mixed Migratory Flows Report (March 2025) [EN/AL/BS/MK]  ReliefWeb

Bosnia and Herzegovina avoids airspace closure - Ex-Yu AviationBosnia and Herzegovina avoids airspace closure  Ex-Yu Aviation

Can Bosnia and Herzegovina “survive” after the top court ruling against Milorad Dodik? - European Western BalkansCan Bosnia and Herzegovina “survive” after the top court ruling against Milorad Dodik?  European Western Balkans

Bosnia's Rafinerija Q1 net loss widens 33% y/y - SeeNewsBosnia's Rafinerija Q1 net loss widens 33% y/y  SeeNews

Bosnia’s International Envoy Cuts Off Public Funding to Dodik’s Party - Balkan InsightBosnia’s International Envoy Cuts Off Public Funding to Dodik’s Party  Balkan Insight

Bosnian athletes demand change - InsideTheGamesBosnian athletes demand change  InsideTheGames

Police loyal to separatist Dodik thwart Bosnia's arrest attempt | Daily Sabah - Daily SabahPolice loyal to separatist Dodik thwart Bosnia's arrest attempt | Daily Sabah  Daily Sabah

Bosnia and Herzegovina - General DebateBosnia and Herzegovina  General Debate

Bosnia and Herzegovina: Heightened tensions and destabilising risks after Serb entity’s leader is sentenced to jail and barred from politics - CredendoBosnia and Herzegovina: Heightened tensions and destabilising risks after Serb entity’s leader is sentenced to jail and barred from politics  Credendo

Legal experts in Bosnia and Herzegovina strengthen skills to support victims of human trafficking - The Council of EuropeLegal experts in Bosnia and Herzegovina strengthen skills to support victims of human trafficking  The Council of Europe

Council of Europe supports Bosnia and Herzegovina’s progress towards fairer, more transparent and inclusive elections - The Council of EuropeCouncil of Europe supports Bosnia and Herzegovina’s progress towards fairer, more transparent and inclusive elections  The Council of Europe

Bosnia and Herzegovina urged to strengthen efforts against money laundering and terrorist financing - The Council of EuropeBosnia and Herzegovina urged to strengthen efforts against money laundering and terrorist financing  The Council of Europe

Bosnia and Herzegovina: further progress needed in implementing anti-corruption recommendations - The Council of EuropeBosnia and Herzegovina: further progress needed in implementing anti-corruption recommendations  The Council of Europe

Starlink eyes Bosnia launch - SeeNewsStarlink eyes Bosnia launch  SeeNews

Bosnian Serb Leader Ups Secession Threat After Standoff Over Arrest Warrant - Balkan InsightBosnian Serb Leader Ups Secession Threat After Standoff Over Arrest Warrant  Balkan Insight

Bosnian Serbs declare German official persona non grata - dw.comBosnian Serbs declare German official persona non grata  dw.com

NATO reaffirms its steadfast commitment to security in Bosnia and Herzegovina and to safeguarding the Dayton Peace Agreement - NATO - HomepageNATO reaffirms its steadfast commitment to security in Bosnia and Herzegovina and to safeguarding the Dayton Peace Agreement  NATO - Homepage

Bosnia state police fail in attempted arrest of Serb leader Dodik - ReutersBosnia state police fail in attempted arrest of Serb leader Dodik  Reuters

India and Bosnia & Herzegovina Strengthen Ties at 4th Foreign Office Consultations - Adda247India and Bosnia & Herzegovina Strengthen Ties at 4th Foreign Office Consultations  Adda247

Bosnia's Federation industrial PPI rises 3.1% y/y in March - SeeNewsBosnia's Federation industrial PPI rises 3.1% y/y in March  SeeNews

Bosnia peace envoy says Serb regional leaders seek to destabilise country - Al JazeeraBosnia peace envoy says Serb regional leaders seek to destabilise country  Al Jazeera

Bosnia-Herzegovina - EBRDBosnia-Herzegovina  EBRD

2024 News items - WTO delegation visits Bosnia and Herzegovina to advance accession negotiations - World Trade Organization2024 News items - WTO delegation visits Bosnia and Herzegovina to advance accession negotiations  World Trade Organization

World Report 2025: Bosnia and Herzegovina - Human Rights WatchWorld Report 2025: Bosnia and Herzegovina  Human Rights Watch

Strengthening Institutional Capacities for Early Pollution Detection in Bosnia and Herzegovina - United Nations Development ProgrammeStrengthening Institutional Capacities for Early Pollution Detection in Bosnia and Herzegovina  United Nations Development Programme

Bosnia in 2025: New Year, New Political Crisis - Balkan InsightBosnia in 2025: New Year, New Political Crisis  Balkan Insight

Bosnia and Herzegovina - consilium.europa.euBosnia and Herzegovina  consilium.europa.eu

Bosnia and Herzegovina delegation studies Slovenia’s primary health care model in WHO-organized visit - World Health Organization (WHO)Bosnia and Herzegovina delegation studies Slovenia’s primary health care model in WHO-organized visit  World Health Organization (WHO)

Balkan Leaders Express Sorrow After Death of Pope Francis - Balkan InsightBalkan Leaders Express Sorrow After Death of Pope Francis  Balkan Insight

Bosnia and Herzegovina step closer to systematic monitoring and reporting on freedom of expression and information - The Council of EuropeBosnia and Herzegovina step closer to systematic monitoring and reporting on freedom of expression and information  The Council of Europe

Law enforcement officers in Bosnia and Herzegovina unsuccessfully attempted to arrest the leader of the Republika Srpska, Milorad Dodik - ?????????? ??????????? ??????Law enforcement officers in Bosnia and Herzegovina unsuccessfully attempted to arrest the leader of the Republika Srpska, Milorad Dodik  ?????????? ??????????? ??????

European standards in veterinary sector: EU supports development of veterinary sector in BiH with 3 million euros - EEASEuropean standards in veterinary sector: EU supports development of veterinary sector in BiH with 3 million euros  EEAS

Bosnia’s Crisis Deepens as State Police Told to Vacate Office in Serb Entity - Balkan InsightBosnia’s Crisis Deepens as State Police Told to Vacate Office in Serb Entity  Balkan Insight

Modern waste management centre starts operating in Bosnia and Herzegovina - EBRDModern waste management centre starts operating in Bosnia and Herzegovina  EBRD

The Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina convicts Dodik, he declares that BiH no longer exists - European Western BalkansThe Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina convicts Dodik, he declares that BiH no longer exists  European Western Balkans

Forest restoration restores ecosystems and strengthens rural communities in Bosnia and Herzegovina - Food and Agriculture OrganizationForest restoration restores ecosystems and strengthens rural communities in Bosnia and Herzegovina  Food and Agriculture Organization

UNESCO’s LINKS Programme invites you to celebrate the publication launch of “State of Traditional Knowledge of Biodiversity in Bosnia and Herzegovina” - UNESCO.orgUNESCO’s LINKS Programme invites you to celebrate the publication launch of “State of Traditional Knowledge of Biodiversity in Bosnia and Herzegovina”  UNESCO.org

Local elections in Bosnia and Herzegovina: improved electoral process but lack of genuine public engagement - The Council of EuropeLocal elections in Bosnia and Herzegovina: improved electoral process but lack of genuine public engagement  The Council of Europe

Bosnia and Herzegovina: Technical Assistance Report-Technical Assistance to Develop a Macroeconomic Framework at the Central Bank of Bosnia and Herzegovina - International Monetary FundBosnia and Herzegovina: Technical Assistance Report-Technical Assistance to Develop a Macroeconomic Framework at the Central Bank of Bosnia and Herzegovina  International Monetary Fund

Commission approves new geographical indication ‘Livanjski sir' from Bosnia and Herzegovina - Enlargement and Eastern NeighbourhoodCommission approves new geographical indication ‘Livanjski sir' from Bosnia and Herzegovina  Enlargement and Eastern Neighbourhood

Country Reports on Terrorism 2023: Bosnia and Herzegovina - U.S. Department of State (.gov)Country Reports on Terrorism 2023: Bosnia and Herzegovina  U.S. Department of State (.gov)

NATO Secretary General meets with Željka Cvijanovic, Chair of Bosnia and Herzegovina's Presidency - NATO - HomepageNATO Secretary General meets with Željka Cvijanovic, Chair of Bosnia and Herzegovina's Presidency  NATO - Homepage

Bosnian Serb police raid federal office as tensions escalate - dw.comBosnian Serb police raid federal office as tensions escalate  dw.com

Bosnia and Herzegovina and The World Bank Group: 30 Years of Partnership - World BankBosnia and Herzegovina and The World Bank Group: 30 Years of Partnership  World Bank

Launch in Bosnia and Herzegovina of the CEPEJ-HELP online training course on the quality of justice - The Council of EuropeLaunch in Bosnia and Herzegovina of the CEPEJ-HELP online training course on the quality of justice  The Council of Europe

Listen to the Future: World Children's Day Celebrated in Bosnia and Herzegovina - UnicefListen to the Future: World Children's Day Celebrated in Bosnia and Herzegovina  Unicef

Constitutional crisis shakes Bosnia - VOA - Voice of America English NewsConstitutional crisis shakes Bosnia  VOA - Voice of America English News

Photo gallery: Chair and members of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina visit NATO, 14-Apr.-2025 - NATO - HomepagePhoto gallery: Chair and members of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina visit NATO, 14-Apr.-2025  NATO - Homepage

New project in Bosnia and Herzegovina aims to support authorities for combating digital and sexual violence against women - The Council of EuropeNew project in Bosnia and Herzegovina aims to support authorities for combating digital and sexual violence against women  The Council of Europe

Dr. Nedim Hogic on Corruption and Foreign Influence in Bosnia and Herzegovina - Georgetown Journal of International AffairsDr. Nedim Hogic on Corruption and Foreign Influence in Bosnia and Herzegovina  Georgetown Journal of International Affairs

CyberSEE: Bosnia and Herzegovina moves towards the signature and implementation of the Second Additional Protocol to the Convention on Cybercrime - The Council of EuropeCyberSEE: Bosnia and Herzegovina moves towards the signature and implementation of the Second Additional Protocol to the Convention on Cybercrime  The Council of Europe

Bosnia & Herzegovina - Migrant mobility situation report (November 2024) [EN/BS] - ReliefWebBosnia & Herzegovina - Migrant mobility situation report (November 2024) [EN/BS]  ReliefWeb

Bosnia and Herzegovina: The authorities of Republika Srpska should repeal the “foreign agent” law - The Council of EuropeBosnia and Herzegovina: The authorities of Republika Srpska should repeal the “foreign agent” law  The Council of Europe

Empowering Women in Politics in Bosnia and Herzegovina - UN Women – Europe and Central AsiaEmpowering Women in Politics in Bosnia and Herzegovina  UN Women – Europe and Central Asia

Journalists, lawyers and activists join forces to fight SLAPP in Bosnia and Herzegovina - The Council of EuropeJournalists, lawyers and activists join forces to fight SLAPP in Bosnia and Herzegovina  The Council of Europe

Bosnian Serb leader Milorad Dodik's new laws spark major political crisis - Euronews.comBosnian Serb leader Milorad Dodik's new laws spark major political crisis  Euronews.com

Strengthening Monitoring and Reporting on Freedom of Expression and Information in Bosnia and Herzegovina - The Council of EuropeStrengthening Monitoring and Reporting on Freedom of Expression and Information in Bosnia and Herzegovina  The Council of Europe

With EU and UNDP help: Bosnia and Herzegovina Achieves Record-Breaking Tourism Growth - United Nations Development ProgrammeWith EU and UNDP help: Bosnia and Herzegovina Achieves Record-Breaking Tourism Growth  United Nations Development Programme

Bosnian Border Police Investigate After Wanted Serb Leader Visits Serbia - Balkan InsightBosnian Border Police Investigate After Wanted Serb Leader Visits Serbia  Balkan Insight

Bosnia and Herzegovina urged to strengthen efforts against money laundering and terrorist financing - The Council of EuropeBosnia and Herzegovina urged to strengthen efforts against money laundering and terrorist financing  The Council of Europe

Four observations from Germany’s 2-1 win over Bosnia and Herzegovina - Bavarian Football WorksFour observations from Germany’s 2-1 win over Bosnia and Herzegovina  Bavarian Football Works

Bosnia and Herzegovina 2025: Two US plans for the Balkans and BiH at odds with expansionist concepts? - IfimesBosnia and Herzegovina 2025: Two US plans for the Balkans and BiH at odds with expansionist concepts?  Ifimes

Kurti: Kosovo and Bosnia and Herzegovina can increase trade exchanges - KosovaPressKurti: Kosovo and Bosnia and Herzegovina can increase trade exchanges  KosovaPress

Ice Hockey World Championship: Kyrgyzstan defeats Bosnia and Herzegovina - 24.KGIce Hockey World Championship: Kyrgyzstan defeats Bosnia and Herzegovina  24.KG

EBRD and EU boost digitalisation in Bosnia and Herzegovina - EBRDEBRD and EU boost digitalisation in Bosnia and Herzegovina  EBRD

Empowering Women Human Rights Defenders in Bosnia and Herzegovina - UN Women – Europe and Central AsiaEmpowering Women Human Rights Defenders in Bosnia and Herzegovina  UN Women – Europe and Central Asia

Bosnia and Herzegovina Review - 48th Session of Universal Periodic Review - UN Web TVBosnia and Herzegovina Review - 48th Session of Universal Periodic Review  UN Web TV

An Earthquake hits Bosnia and Herzegovina - Sarajevo TimesAn Earthquake hits Bosnia and Herzegovina  Sarajevo Times

Bosnian Serb leader says only solution for country is either a new agreement or separation - Anadolu AjansiBosnian Serb leader says only solution for country is either a new agreement or separation  Anadolu Ajansi

Next stage in combating digital and sexual violence against women in Bosnia and Herzegovina - The Council of EuropeNext stage in combating digital and sexual violence against women in Bosnia and Herzegovina  The Council of Europe

External pressures on judiciary in Bosnia and Herzegovina are unacceptable - Organization for Security and Co-operation in EuropeExternal pressures on judiciary in Bosnia and Herzegovina are unacceptable  Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe

OSCE Chair-in-Office Borg concludes visit to Bosnia and Herzegovina - Organization for Security and Co-operation in EuropeOSCE Chair-in-Office Borg concludes visit to Bosnia and Herzegovina  Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe

Local elections in Bosnia and Herzegovina were competitive amidst legal reform but lacked genuine public engagement, international observers say - Organization for Security and Co-operation in EuropeLocal elections in Bosnia and Herzegovina were competitive amidst legal reform but lacked genuine public engagement, international observers say  Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe

Commission and Bosnia and Herzegovina sign association agreement to EU4Health programme - Enlargement and Eastern NeighbourhoodCommission and Bosnia and Herzegovina sign association agreement to EU4Health programme  Enlargement and Eastern Neighbourhood

Western Balkans 6 - Bosnia and Herzegovina Country Compendium: Country Climate and Development Report (October 2024) [EN/BS] - ReliefWebWestern Balkans 6 - Bosnia and Herzegovina Country Compendium: Country Climate and Development Report (October 2024) [EN/BS]  ReliefWeb

Bosnia & Herzegovina - Migrant mobility situation report (Febuary 2025) [EN/BS] - ReliefWebBosnia & Herzegovina - Migrant mobility situation report (Febuary 2025) [EN/BS]  ReliefWeb

New research sheds light on impact of hate speech in Bosnia and Herzegovina - The Council of EuropeNew research sheds light on impact of hate speech in Bosnia and Herzegovina  The Council of Europe

Bosnia and Herzegovina's Contributions to Global Environmental Agendas - United Nations Development ProgrammeBosnia and Herzegovina's Contributions to Global Environmental Agendas  United Nations Development Programme

Bosnia and Herzegovina steps up efforts to safeguard media freedom and journalist protection - The Council of EuropeBosnia and Herzegovina steps up efforts to safeguard media freedom and journalist protection  The Council of Europe

Bosnia and Herzegovina: Pluvial/Flash Flood 2024 DREF Operation Appeal: MDRBA017 - ReliefWebBosnia and Herzegovina: Pluvial/Flash Flood 2024 DREF Operation Appeal: MDRBA017  ReliefWeb

EU sends search and rescue teams to support Bosnia and Herzegovina during deadly floods - European Civil Protection and Humanitarian Aid OperationsEU sends search and rescue teams to support Bosnia and Herzegovina during deadly floods  European Civil Protection and Humanitarian Aid Operations

Bosnia and Herzegovina-Cyprus | European Qualifiers 2026 - UEFA.comBosnia and Herzegovina-Cyprus | European Qualifiers 2026  UEFA.com

OSCE organizes roundtable on asset recovery and management in Bosnia and Herzegovina - Organization for Security and Co-operation in EuropeOSCE organizes roundtable on asset recovery and management in Bosnia and Herzegovina  Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe

Committee judgment concerning Bosnia and Herzegovina - ECHRCommittee judgment concerning Bosnia and Herzegovina  ECHR

We want right to a confederation with Serbia: Bosnian Serb leader - Anadolu AjansiWe want right to a confederation with Serbia: Bosnian Serb leader  Anadolu Ajansi

Urgent Call for Action to Prevent a Return to War and Genocide in Bosnia and Herzegovina - Justice For AllUrgent Call for Action to Prevent a Return to War and Genocide in Bosnia and Herzegovina  Justice For All

Pressrelease: NATO Secretary General meets the Chair of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina, 18-Dec.-2024 - NATO - HomepagePressrelease: NATO Secretary General meets the Chair of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina, 18-Dec.-2024  NATO - Homepage

Turkish president, Bosnian party leader discuss rising tensions in Bosnia and Herzegovina - TRT GlobalTurkish president, Bosnian party leader discuss rising tensions in Bosnia and Herzegovina  TRT Global

Bosnia and Herzegovina Epidemic - Measles Outbreak 2024 Final Report (MDRBA016) - ReliefWebBosnia and Herzegovina Epidemic - Measles Outbreak 2024 Final Report (MDRBA016)  ReliefWeb

The European nation where horses roam free - BBCThe European nation where horses roam free  BBC

Possibility of a New War in Bosnia and Herzegovina - ?????????? ????? ?? ????????????? ?????Possibility of a New War in Bosnia and Herzegovina  ?????????? ????? ?? ????????????? ?????

A dangerous gamble: Republika Srpska’s test for Bosnia and the EU - European Council on Foreign Relations (ECFR)A dangerous gamble: Republika Srpska’s test for Bosnia and the EU  European Council on Foreign Relations (ECFR)

OSCE Chairperson-in-Office Valtonen concludes visit to Bosnia and Herzegovina, reiterates OSCE’s continued support for stability and security in the country - Organization for Security and Co-operation in EuropeOSCE Chairperson-in-Office Valtonen concludes visit to Bosnia and Herzegovina, reiterates OSCE’s continued support for stability and security in the country  Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe