Bosnia and Herzegovina

Country Bosnia and Herzegovina
Capital Sarajevo
Continent Europe
Currency Convertible Mark(BAM)
Languages Bosnian, Croatian & Serbian

Information

Introduction

Bosnia and Herzegovina's declaration of sovereignty in October 1991 was followed by a declaration of independence from the former Yugoslavia on 3 March 1992 after a referendum boycotted by ethnic Serbs. The Bosnian Serbs - supported by neighboring Serbia and Montenegro - responded with armed resistance aimed at partitioning the republic along ethnic lines and joining Serb-held areas to form a "Greater Serbia." In March 1994, Bosniaks and Croats reduced the number of warring factions from three to two by signing an agreement creating a joint Bosniak/Croat Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. On 21 November 1995, in Dayton, Ohio, the warring parties initialed a peace agreement that brought to a halt three years of interethnic civil strife (the final agreement was signed in Paris on 14 December 1995). The Dayton Peace Accords retained Bosnia and Herzegovina's international boundaries and created a multi-ethnic and democratic government charged with conducting foreign, diplomatic, and fiscal policy. Also recognized was a second tier of government composed of two entities roughly equal in size: the Bosniak/Croat Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Bosnian Serb-led Republika Srpska (RS). The Federation and RS governments were charged with overseeing most government functions. The Dayton Accords also established the Office of the High Representative (OHR) to oversee the implementation of the civilian aspects of the agreement. The Peace Implementation Council (PIC) at its conference in Bonn in 1997 also gave the High Representative the authority to impose legislation and remove officials, the so-called "Bonn Powers." In 1995-96, a NATO-led international peacekeeping force (IFOR) of 60,000 troops served in Bosnia to implement and monitor the military aspects of the agreement. IFOR was succeeded by a smaller, NATO-led Stabilization Force (SFOR) whose mission was to deter renewed hostilities. European Union peacekeeping troops (EUFOR) replaced SFOR in December 2004; their mission is to maintain peace and stability throughout the country. EUFOR's mission changed from peacekeeping to civil policing in October 2007, with its presence reduced from nearly 7,000 to less than 2,500 troops. Troop strength at the end of 2009 stood at roughly 2,000. In January 2010, Bosnia and Herzegovina assumed a nonpermanent seat on the UN Security Council for the 2010-11 term.

[+] Geography

[+] People

[+] Government

Video

Map


View Larger Map

References

Bosnia and Herzegovina - Wikipedia
Bosnia and Herzegovina - CIA World Fact Book
Bosnia and Herzegovina - BBC
Bosnia and Herzegovina - Timeline - BBC

Cities

Links

News Headlines

Google News
Bosnia and Herzegovina Epidemic - Measles Outbreak 2024 Final Report (MDRBA016) - ReliefWebBosnia and Herzegovina Epidemic - Measles Outbreak 2024 Final Report (MDRBA016)  ReliefWeb

Bosnia and Herzegovina Industrial Output Declines Sharply - TradingViewBosnia and Herzegovina Industrial Output Declines Sharply  TradingView

NATO’s Rutte backs Bosnia after separatist moves by Serbian region - Al JazeeraNATO’s Rutte backs Bosnia after separatist moves by Serbian region  Al Jazeera

The EU needs a proactive approach in Bosnia - politico.euThe EU needs a proactive approach in Bosnia  politico.eu

The European Powder Keg: ‘Bosnia Is a Failed State’ - The American ConservativeThe European Powder Keg: ‘Bosnia Is a Failed State’  The American Conservative

A Russia-Friendly Region Cheers Trump’s Reordering of the U.S. Role in the World - The New York TimesA Russia-Friendly Region Cheers Trump’s Reordering of the U.S. Role in the World  The New York Times

Bosnia's top court temporarily suspends Serb region's separatist laws - ReutersBosnia's top court temporarily suspends Serb region's separatist laws  Reuters

EU sends more troops to Bosnia as Russia defends Serb leader - politico.euEU sends more troops to Bosnia as Russia defends Serb leader  politico.eu

Protecting Freedom of Expression Against Defamation and SLAPPs in Bosnia and Herzegovina - coe.intProtecting Freedom of Expression Against Defamation and SLAPPs in Bosnia and Herzegovina  coe.int

The battle to control assets behind Bosnia crisis - France 24The battle to control assets behind Bosnia crisis  France 24

Bosnia Steps Up Efforts to Arrest Dodik with Nationwide Warrant - Balkan InsightBosnia Steps Up Efforts to Arrest Dodik with Nationwide Warrant  Balkan Insight

Bosnia and Herzegovina—Country Climate and Development Report - World BankBosnia and Herzegovina—Country Climate and Development Report  World Bank

Bosnia and Herzegovina Imports 621.4 Tons of Honey, Exports Only 10 Tons - Sarajevo TimesBosnia and Herzegovina Imports 621.4 Tons of Honey, Exports Only 10 Tons  Sarajevo Times

Bosnia and Herzegovina 21 March: 150 years since the discovery of the Serbian spruce - fao.orgBosnia and Herzegovina 21 March: 150 years since the discovery of the Serbian spruce  fao.org

Bosnia issues international arrest warrant for Milorad Dodik - DWBosnia issues international arrest warrant for Milorad Dodik  DW

Bosnia's ASA Banka to pay lower dividend for 2024 - SeeNewsBosnia's ASA Banka to pay lower dividend for 2024  SeeNews

Bosnia and Herzegovina - General DebateBosnia and Herzegovina  General Debate

Pilgrim walks across Bosnia to help heal the lasting wounds of war - Hindustan TimesPilgrim walks across Bosnia to help heal the lasting wounds of war  Hindustan Times

Constitutional crisis shakes Bosnia - VOA - Voice of America English NewsConstitutional crisis shakes Bosnia  VOA - Voice of America English News

Minister holds talks in London on Bosnia and Herzegovina - Ministčre de l'Europe et des Affaires étrangčresMinister holds talks in London on Bosnia and Herzegovina  Ministčre de l'Europe et des Affaires étrangčres

Enhanced freedom of expression in Bosnia and Herzegovina through a Council of Europe training on defamation and SLAPPs - coe.intEnhanced freedom of expression in Bosnia and Herzegovina through a Council of Europe training on defamation and SLAPPs  coe.int

What’s behind the political crisis in Bosnia Herzegovina? - Al JazeeraWhat’s behind the political crisis in Bosnia Herzegovina?  Al Jazeera

Bosnian Serb police raid federal office as tensions escalate - DWBosnian Serb police raid federal office as tensions escalate  DW

Finding safety and hope: One year of Bosnia and Herzegovina’s first LGBTI shelter - coe.intFinding safety and hope: One year of Bosnia and Herzegovina’s first LGBTI shelter  coe.int

Bosnia and Herzegovina urged to strengthen efforts against money laundering and terrorist financing - coe.intBosnia and Herzegovina urged to strengthen efforts against money laundering and terrorist financing  coe.int

Bosnian Serb leader flees to Moscow as authorities step up pursuit - politico.euBosnian Serb leader flees to Moscow as authorities step up pursuit  politico.eu

Can Bosnia and Herzegovina “survive” after the top court ruling against Milorad Dodik? - European Western BalkansCan Bosnia and Herzegovina “survive” after the top court ruling against Milorad Dodik?  European Western Balkans

Bosnia hit by flooding after heavy rains - bne IntelliNewsBosnia hit by flooding after heavy rains  bne IntelliNews

Pro-Russian Bosnian Serb leader Dodik surfaces in Moscow amid charges in Bosnia. - The Kyiv IndependentPro-Russian Bosnian Serb leader Dodik surfaces in Moscow amid charges in Bosnia.  The Kyiv Independent

Heavy rain flooding hits Bosnia - report - SeeNewsHeavy rain flooding hits Bosnia - report  SeeNews

Launch in Bosnia and Herzegovina of the CEPEJ-HELP online training course on the quality of justice - coe.intLaunch in Bosnia and Herzegovina of the CEPEJ-HELP online training course on the quality of justice  coe.int

Bosnian Serb leader arrives in Moscow, defying calls for his arrest - TVP WorldBosnian Serb leader arrives in Moscow, defying calls for his arrest  TVP World

Intersectoral Advisory Board Established to Support Digital Transformation of Education in Bosnia and Herzegovina - UnicefIntersectoral Advisory Board Established to Support Digital Transformation of Education in Bosnia and Herzegovina  Unicef

Bosnia and Herzegovina eyes boosted trade with Azerbaijan through Middle Corridor (Exclusive) - Trend News AgencyBosnia and Herzegovina eyes boosted trade with Azerbaijan through Middle Corridor (Exclusive)  Trend News Agency

UK reiterates commitment to Bosnia and Herzegovina’s sovereignty, territorial integrity - Anadolu AjansiUK reiterates commitment to Bosnia and Herzegovina’s sovereignty, territorial integrity  Anadolu Ajansi

Bosnia peace envoy says Serb regional leaders seek to destabilise country - Al JazeeraBosnia peace envoy says Serb regional leaders seek to destabilise country  Al Jazeera

Bosnia issues new nationwide arrest warrant for Bosnian Serb leader Milorad Dodik - Euronews.comBosnia issues new nationwide arrest warrant for Bosnian Serb leader Milorad Dodik  Euronews.com

Energy key to Bosnia and Herzegovina - Azerbaijan investment strategy, says Željka Cvijanovic - Trend News AgencyEnergy key to Bosnia and Herzegovina - Azerbaijan investment strategy, says Željka Cvijanovic  Trend News Agency

India, Bosnia & Herzegovina hold 4th foreign consultations, boost ties - Business StandardIndia, Bosnia & Herzegovina hold 4th foreign consultations, boost ties  Business Standard

Bilateral Relations Between India and Bosnia & Herzegovina - India BriefingBilateral Relations Between India and Bosnia & Herzegovina  India Briefing

World Report 2025: Bosnia and Herzegovina - Human Rights WatchWorld Report 2025: Bosnia and Herzegovina  Human Rights Watch

Chair of GOP Israel branch owns firm registered as lobbyist for pro-Kremlin Bosnian entity -- report - The Times of IsraelChair of GOP Israel branch owns firm registered as lobbyist for pro-Kremlin Bosnian entity -- report  The Times of Israel

WTO | 2024 News items - WTO delegation visits Bosnia and Herzegovina to advance accession negotiations - World Trade OrganizationWTO | 2024 News items - WTO delegation visits Bosnia and Herzegovina to advance accession negotiations  World Trade Organization

BiH Presidency Member spoke with the Prime Minister of Pakistan about Strengthening Relations - Sarajevo TimesBiH Presidency Member spoke with the Prime Minister of Pakistan about Strengthening Relations  Sarajevo Times

The unseen toll of floods: Prioritizing mental well-being in Bosnia and Herzegovina - World Health Organization (WHO)The unseen toll of floods: Prioritizing mental well-being in Bosnia and Herzegovina  World Health Organization (WHO)

CyberSEE: Bosnia and Herzegovina moves towards the signature and implementation of the Second Additional Protocol to the Convention on Cybercrime - coe.intCyberSEE: Bosnia and Herzegovina moves towards the signature and implementation of the Second Additional Protocol to the Convention on Cybercrime  coe.int

Bosnia’s Crisis Deepens as State Police Told to Vacate Office in Serb Entity - Balkan InsightBosnia’s Crisis Deepens as State Police Told to Vacate Office in Serb Entity  Balkan Insight

Dame Karen Pierce visits Bosnia and Herzegovina - GOV.UKDame Karen Pierce visits Bosnia and Herzegovina  GOV.UK

Prime Minister greets Member of Bosnia & Herzegovina Presidency H.E. Dr. Denis Becirovic on Eid ul Fitr - Islamabad PostPrime Minister greets Member of Bosnia & Herzegovina Presidency H.E. Dr. Denis Becirovic on Eid ul Fitr  Islamabad Post

Bosnia and Herzegovina - consilium.europa.euBosnia and Herzegovina  consilium.europa.eu

Western Balkans Competitiveness Outlook 2024: Bosnia and Herzegovina - OECDWestern Balkans Competitiveness Outlook 2024: Bosnia and Herzegovina  OECD

EU offers free internet to Bosnia and Herzegovina’s municipalities - EEASEU offers free internet to Bosnia and Herzegovina’s municipalities  EEAS

Bosnia and Herzegovina: Technical Assistance Report-Technical Assistance to Develop a Macroeconomic Framework at the Central Bank of Bosnia and Herzegovina - International Monetary FundBosnia and Herzegovina: Technical Assistance Report-Technical Assistance to Develop a Macroeconomic Framework at the Central Bank of Bosnia and Herzegovina  International Monetary Fund

We want right to a confederation with Serbia: Bosnian Serb leader - Anadolu AjansiWe want right to a confederation with Serbia: Bosnian Serb leader  Anadolu Ajansi

Bosnia in 2025: New Year, New Political Crisis - Balkan InsightBosnia in 2025: New Year, New Political Crisis  Balkan Insight

Report by the Head of OSCE Mission to Bosnia and Herzegovina: UK response, March 2025 - GOV.UKReport by the Head of OSCE Mission to Bosnia and Herzegovina: UK response, March 2025  GOV.UK

Chairwoman of Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina congratulates President Ilham Aliyev - Trend News AgencyChairwoman of Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina congratulates President Ilham Aliyev  Trend News Agency

UNESCO’s LINKS Programme invites you to celebrate the publication launch of “State of Traditional Knowledge of Biodiversity in Bosnia and Herzegovina” - UNESCOUNESCO’s LINKS Programme invites you to celebrate the publication launch of “State of Traditional Knowledge of Biodiversity in Bosnia and Herzegovina”  UNESCO

Gender-Based Violence in Bosnia and Herzegovina: The Silence That Endangers Lives - UnicefGender-Based Violence in Bosnia and Herzegovina: The Silence That Endangers Lives  Unicef

Bosnia and Herzegovina and The World Bank Group: 30 Years of Partnership - World BankBosnia and Herzegovina and The World Bank Group: 30 Years of Partnership  World Bank

Bosnian court seeks international arrest warrant for pro-Russian Serb president Dodik - The New Indian ExpressBosnian court seeks international arrest warrant for pro-Russian Serb president Dodik  The New Indian Express

Interpol issues arrest warrants for Bosnian Serb leader Dodik - TRT WorldInterpol issues arrest warrants for Bosnian Serb leader Dodik  TRT World

NATO Secretary General meets with Željka Cvijanovic, Chair of Bosnia and Herzegovina's Presidency - NATO - HomepageNATO Secretary General meets with Željka Cvijanovic, Chair of Bosnia and Herzegovina's Presidency  NATO - Homepage

The European nation where horses roam free - BBCThe European nation where horses roam free  BBC

Bosnia’s Top Court Calls on Interpol to Issue Warrant for Serb Leader Dodik - Balkan InsightBosnia’s Top Court Calls on Interpol to Issue Warrant for Serb Leader Dodik  Balkan Insight

Western unity is still on display in Bosnia — but for how long? - Financial TimesWestern unity is still on display in Bosnia — but for how long?  Financial Times

Commission approves new geographical indication ‘Livanjski sir' from Bosnia and Herzegovina - Enlargement and Eastern NeighbourhoodCommission approves new geographical indication ‘Livanjski sir' from Bosnia and Herzegovina  Enlargement and Eastern Neighbourhood

Chairwoman of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina congratulates Azerbaijani President - Apa.azChairwoman of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina congratulates Azerbaijani President  Apa.az

Empowering Women in Politics in Bosnia and Herzegovina - UN Women – Europe and Central AsiaEmpowering Women in Politics in Bosnia and Herzegovina  UN Women – Europe and Central Asia

Listen to the Future: World Children's Day Celebrated in Bosnia and Herzegovina - UnicefListen to the Future: World Children's Day Celebrated in Bosnia and Herzegovina  Unicef

Romania-Bosnia and Herzegovina | European Qualifiers 2026 - UEFA.comRomania-Bosnia and Herzegovina | European Qualifiers 2026  UEFA.com

A dangerous gamble: Republika Srpska’s test for Bosnia and the EU - European Council on Foreign Relations (ECFR)A dangerous gamble: Republika Srpska’s test for Bosnia and the EU  European Council on Foreign Relations (ECFR)

Constitutional Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina suspends separatist decisions of Republika Srpska - Anadolu AjansiConstitutional Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina suspends separatist decisions of Republika Srpska  Anadolu Ajansi

Country Reports on Terrorism 2023: Bosnia and Herzegovina - U.S. Department of State (.gov)Country Reports on Terrorism 2023: Bosnia and Herzegovina  U.S. Department of State (.gov)

Bosnia's Igman agrees to improve ammo test range safety - SeeNewsBosnia's Igman agrees to improve ammo test range safety  SeeNews

Bosnia court seeks int'l warrant for separatist Serb leader Dodik | Daily Sabah - Daily SabahBosnia court seeks int'l warrant for separatist Serb leader Dodik | Daily Sabah  Daily Sabah

Bosnia and Herzegovina: The authorities of Republika Srpska should repeal the “foreign agent” law - coe.intBosnia and Herzegovina: The authorities of Republika Srpska should repeal the “foreign agent” law  coe.int

OSCE Chairperson-in-Office Valtonen concludes visit to Bosnia and Herzegovina, reiterates OSCE’s continued support for stability and security in the country - Organization for Security and Co-operation in EuropeOSCE Chairperson-in-Office Valtonen concludes visit to Bosnia and Herzegovina, reiterates OSCE’s continued support for stability and security in the country  Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe

Bosnia court orders international arrest warrant for Dodik - SeeNewsBosnia court orders international arrest warrant for Dodik  SeeNews

Empowering Women Human Rights Defenders in Bosnia and Herzegovina - UN Women – Europe and Central AsiaEmpowering Women Human Rights Defenders in Bosnia and Herzegovina  UN Women – Europe and Central Asia

Bosnian Border Police Investigate After Wanted Serb Leader Visits Serbia - Balkan InsightBosnian Border Police Investigate After Wanted Serb Leader Visits Serbia  Balkan Insight

Eurocontrol freezes payments to Bosnia’s air traffic agency - SeeNewsEurocontrol freezes payments to Bosnia’s air traffic agency  SeeNews

External pressures on judiciary in Bosnia and Herzegovina are unacceptable - Organization for Security and Co-operation in EuropeExternal pressures on judiciary in Bosnia and Herzegovina are unacceptable  Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe

Congress observes local elections in Bosnia and Herzegovina - coe.intCongress observes local elections in Bosnia and Herzegovina  coe.int

Commission and Bosnia and Herzegovina sign association agreement to EU4Health programme - Enlargement and Eastern NeighbourhoodCommission and Bosnia and Herzegovina sign association agreement to EU4Health programme  Enlargement and Eastern Neighbourhood

Unblocking the Constitutional Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina: Three Strategies to Move Forward - ConstitutionNetUnblocking the Constitutional Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina: Three Strategies to Move Forward  ConstitutionNet

The Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina convicts Dodik, he declares that BiH no longer exists - European Western BalkansThe Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina convicts Dodik, he declares that BiH no longer exists  European Western Balkans

Bosnia issues international arrest warrant for Serb leader Dodik - France 24Bosnia issues international arrest warrant for Serb leader Dodik  France 24

Bosnia and Herzegovina Review - 48th Session of Universal Periodic Review - UN Web TVBosnia and Herzegovina Review - 48th Session of Universal Periodic Review  UN Web TV

OSCE Chair-in-Office Borg concludes visit to Bosnia and Herzegovina - Organization for Security and Co-operation in EuropeOSCE Chair-in-Office Borg concludes visit to Bosnia and Herzegovina  Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe

Bosnia-Herzegovina vs Cyprus LIVE Score Updates (2-1) - VAVEL.comBosnia-Herzegovina vs Cyprus LIVE Score Updates (2-1)  VAVEL.com

Local elections in Bosnia and Herzegovina were competitive amidst legal reform but lacked genuine public engagement, international observers say - Organization for Security and Co-operation in EuropeLocal elections in Bosnia and Herzegovina were competitive amidst legal reform but lacked genuine public engagement, international observers say  Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe

Contributing to Bosnia and Herzegovina's Transparent Climate Change Reporting - United Nations Development ProgrammeContributing to Bosnia and Herzegovina's Transparent Climate Change Reporting  United Nations Development Programme

New Report on Bosnia and Herzegovina’s Constitutional Reform Offers Roadmap for Stability in Europe - New Lines InstituteNew Report on Bosnia and Herzegovina’s Constitutional Reform Offers Roadmap for Stability in Europe  New Lines Institute

Pressrelease: NATO Secretary General meets the Chair of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina, 18-Dec.-2024 - NATO - HomepagePressrelease: NATO Secretary General meets the Chair of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina, 18-Dec.-2024  NATO - Homepage

Possibility of a New War in Bosnia and Herzegovina - ?????????? ????? ?? ????????????? ?????Possibility of a New War in Bosnia and Herzegovina  ?????????? ????? ?? ????????????? ?????

New project in Bosnia and Herzegovina aims to support authorities for combating digital and sexual violence against women - coe.intNew project in Bosnia and Herzegovina aims to support authorities for combating digital and sexual violence against women  coe.int

Congress observed Cantonal elections in Bosnia and Herzegovina - Congress of Local and Regional Authorities - coe.intCongress observed Cantonal elections in Bosnia and Herzegovina - Congress of Local and Regional Authorities  coe.int

Live Blog: Milorad Dodik Challenges Bosnian State Institutions - Balkan InsightLive Blog: Milorad Dodik Challenges Bosnian State Institutions  Balkan Insight

OSCE organizes roundtable on asset recovery and management in Bosnia and Herzegovina - Organization for Security and Co-operation in EuropeOSCE organizes roundtable on asset recovery and management in Bosnia and Herzegovina  Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe