Bosnia and Herzegovina

Country Bosnia and Herzegovina
Capital Sarajevo
Continent Europe
Currency Convertible Mark(BAM)
Languages Bosnian, Croatian & Serbian

Information

Introduction

Bosnia and Herzegovina's declaration of sovereignty in October 1991 was followed by a declaration of independence from the former Yugoslavia on 3 March 1992 after a referendum boycotted by ethnic Serbs. The Bosnian Serbs - supported by neighboring Serbia and Montenegro - responded with armed resistance aimed at partitioning the republic along ethnic lines and joining Serb-held areas to form a "Greater Serbia." In March 1994, Bosniaks and Croats reduced the number of warring factions from three to two by signing an agreement creating a joint Bosniak/Croat Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. On 21 November 1995, in Dayton, Ohio, the warring parties initialed a peace agreement that brought to a halt three years of interethnic civil strife (the final agreement was signed in Paris on 14 December 1995). The Dayton Peace Accords retained Bosnia and Herzegovina's international boundaries and created a multi-ethnic and democratic government charged with conducting foreign, diplomatic, and fiscal policy. Also recognized was a second tier of government composed of two entities roughly equal in size: the Bosniak/Croat Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Bosnian Serb-led Republika Srpska (RS). The Federation and RS governments were charged with overseeing most government functions. The Dayton Accords also established the Office of the High Representative (OHR) to oversee the implementation of the civilian aspects of the agreement. The Peace Implementation Council (PIC) at its conference in Bonn in 1997 also gave the High Representative the authority to impose legislation and remove officials, the so-called "Bonn Powers." In 1995-96, a NATO-led international peacekeeping force (IFOR) of 60,000 troops served in Bosnia to implement and monitor the military aspects of the agreement. IFOR was succeeded by a smaller, NATO-led Stabilization Force (SFOR) whose mission was to deter renewed hostilities. European Union peacekeeping troops (EUFOR) replaced SFOR in December 2004; their mission is to maintain peace and stability throughout the country. EUFOR's mission changed from peacekeeping to civil policing in October 2007, with its presence reduced from nearly 7,000 to less than 2,500 troops. Troop strength at the end of 2009 stood at roughly 2,000. In January 2010, Bosnia and Herzegovina assumed a nonpermanent seat on the UN Security Council for the 2010-11 term.

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References

Bosnia and Herzegovina - Wikipedia
Bosnia and Herzegovina - CIA World Fact Book
Bosnia and Herzegovina - BBC
Bosnia and Herzegovina - Timeline - BBC

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Google News
Shock and Delight: Bosnia Divided Over End to US Sanctions on Dodik - Balkan InsightShock and Delight: Bosnia Divided Over End to US Sanctions on Dodik  Balkan Insight

EU and Council of Europe partnership supports Bosnia and Herzegovina in applying European standards - coe.intEU and Council of Europe partnership supports Bosnia and Herzegovina in applying European standards  coe.int

Significant support from the European Union for Drvar's recovery from floods - United Nations Development ProgrammeSignificant support from the European Union for Drvar's recovery from floods  United Nations Development Programme

Macron hosts members of BiH Presidency - European Western BalkansMacron hosts members of BiH Presidency  European Western Balkans

Showcasing Operational Excellence: K9 Units from Across BiH Present Skills in Sarajevo - Organization for Security and Co-operation in EuropeShowcasing Operational Excellence: K9 Units from Across BiH Present Skills in Sarajevo  Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe

Bosnia's arms maker BNT TMIH to start producing drones - SeeNewsBosnia's arms maker BNT TMIH to start producing drones  SeeNews

Chess boom continues! 16-year-old Ilamparthi AR becomes India’s 90th Grandmaster - Times of IndiaChess boom continues! 16-year-old Ilamparthi AR becomes India’s 90th Grandmaster  Times of India

ArcelorMittal (MT) Finalizes Sale of Bosnia and Herzegovina Operations - GuruFocusArcelorMittal (MT) Finalizes Sale of Bosnia and Herzegovina Operations  GuruFocus

ArcelorMittal completes sale of Bosnia operations - Investing News NetworkArcelorMittal completes sale of Bosnia operations  Investing News Network

EU provides €130,000 for protective equipment to deminers in Bosnia and Herzegovina - European InterestEU provides €130,000 for protective equipment to deminers in Bosnia and Herzegovina  European Interest

Can Bosnia and Herzegovina become a regional trade hub? - IRU | World Road Transport OrganisationCan Bosnia and Herzegovina become a regional trade hub?  IRU | World Road Transport Organisation

News: NATO Deputy Secretary General visits Bosnia and Herzegovina, 25-Sep.-2025 - NATO - HomepageNews: NATO Deputy Secretary General visits Bosnia and Herzegovina, 25-Sep.-2025  NATO - Homepage

Sarajevo, Bosnia & Herzegovina Travel Guide: From War to Wonder - The Planet DSarajevo, Bosnia & Herzegovina Travel Guide: From War to Wonder  The Planet D

New Roads Boost Jobs, Connectivity, and Growth in Bosnia and Herzegovina - World Bank GroupNew Roads Boost Jobs, Connectivity, and Growth in Bosnia and Herzegovina  World Bank Group

Bosnia and Herzegovina - Welcome to the United NationsBosnia and Herzegovina  Welcome to the United Nations

Bosnia and Herzegovina’s Sitting Volleyball legacy | Brisbane 2032 - Olympics.comBosnia and Herzegovina’s Sitting Volleyball legacy | Brisbane 2032  Olympics.com

Trump Lifts Sanctions on Milorad Dodik - Hungarian ConservativeTrump Lifts Sanctions on Milorad Dodik  Hungarian Conservative

Gradiška: Healthier and safer living for Tekija residents thanks to the new sewage network - United Nations Development ProgrammeGradiška: Healthier and safer living for Tekija residents thanks to the new sewage network  United Nations Development Programme

U.S. lifts sanctions on Bosnian Serb leader Dodik, family - SeeNewsU.S. lifts sanctions on Bosnian Serb leader Dodik, family  SeeNews

From Peaks to Peace: Women in Bosnia and Herzegovina Lead the Way - United Nations Sustainable Development GroupFrom Peaks to Peace: Women in Bosnia and Herzegovina Lead the Way  United Nations Sustainable Development Group

A New EuroVelo Route Could Soon Link Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia & Herzegovina, and Serbia - Momentum MagA New EuroVelo Route Could Soon Link Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia & Herzegovina, and Serbia  Momentum Mag

2025 News items - Members advance Bosnia and Herzegovina's WTO accession negotiations closer to conclusion - World Trade Organization2025 News items - Members advance Bosnia and Herzegovina's WTO accession negotiations closer to conclusion  World Trade Organization

Security Council urged to stand firm as Bosnia and Herzegovina faces deepening crisis - UN NewsSecurity Council urged to stand firm as Bosnia and Herzegovina faces deepening crisis  UN News

Collaboration is key to successful land management in Bosnia and Herzegovina - Food and Agriculture OrganizationCollaboration is key to successful land management in Bosnia and Herzegovina  Food and Agriculture Organization

Bosnia and Herzegovina: Dodik’s Fall: The End of an Era? - Friedrich-Naumann-Stiftung für die FreiheitBosnia and Herzegovina: Dodik’s Fall: The End of an Era?  Friedrich-Naumann-Stiftung für die Freiheit

Bosnia and Herzegovina - Congress of Local and Regional Authorities - coe.intBosnia and Herzegovina - Congress of Local and Regional Authorities  coe.int

Bosnia and Herzegovina in crisis as Bosnian-Serb president rallies for secession - The ConversationBosnia and Herzegovina in crisis as Bosnian-Serb president rallies for secession  The Conversation

A Matter of Choice: Reimagining Development in Bosnia and Herzegovina in the Age of AI - United Nations Development ProgrammeA Matter of Choice: Reimagining Development in Bosnia and Herzegovina in the Age of AI  United Nations Development Programme

Bosnia in Deadlock as Serbs Strain for Exit - International Crisis GroupBosnia in Deadlock as Serbs Strain for Exit  International Crisis Group

US lifts sanctions from Bosnian Serb leader Dodik and his allies - ReutersUS lifts sanctions from Bosnian Serb leader Dodik and his allies  Reuters

Bosnia and Herzegovina | Who Owns Agricultural Land? | Agricultural and Rural Convention - Agricultural and Rural Convention - ARC2020Bosnia and Herzegovina | Who Owns Agricultural Land? | Agricultural and Rural Convention  Agricultural and Rural Convention - ARC2020

EU provides protective equipment worth €130,000 to deminers in Bosnia and Herzegovina - EEASEU provides protective equipment worth €130,000 to deminers in Bosnia and Herzegovina  EEAS

US Removes Pro-Russian Bosnian Serb Politician Milorad Dodik And Allies From Sanctions List - Radio Free Europe/Radio LibertyUS Removes Pro-Russian Bosnian Serb Politician Milorad Dodik And Allies From Sanctions List  Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty

30 years after the Bosnian War, its refugees still cannot return home - Le Monde.fr30 years after the Bosnian War, its refugees still cannot return home  Le Monde.fr

Country Reports on Terrorism 2023: Bosnia and Herzegovina - U.S. Department of State (.gov)Country Reports on Terrorism 2023: Bosnia and Herzegovina  U.S. Department of State (.gov)

Trump administration lifts sanctions on Bosnian Serb leader Milorad Dodik - Anadolu AjansiTrump administration lifts sanctions on Bosnian Serb leader Milorad Dodik  Anadolu Ajansi

Legal professionals in Bosnia and Herzegovina examine new tools to counter SLAPPs and protect free expression - coe.intLegal professionals in Bosnia and Herzegovina examine new tools to counter SLAPPs and protect free expression  coe.int

The Fifth SDG Week in Bosnia and Herzegovina Opens - United Nations Development ProgrammeThe Fifth SDG Week in Bosnia and Herzegovina Opens  United Nations Development Programme

US lifts sanctions on Bosnian Serb leader Milorad Dodik - Yeni Safak EnglishUS lifts sanctions on Bosnian Serb leader Milorad Dodik  Yeni Safak English

Bosnia and Herzegovina: advancing health reform with a focus on community-based primary health care - World Health Organization (WHO)Bosnia and Herzegovina: advancing health reform with a focus on community-based primary health care  World Health Organization (WHO)

Can Bosnia and Herzegovina “survive” after the top court ruling against Milorad Dodik? - European Western BalkansCan Bosnia and Herzegovina “survive” after the top court ruling against Milorad Dodik?  European Western Balkans

Publication of the complete text of the judgment concerning Bosnia and Herzegovina - ECHRPublication of the complete text of the judgment concerning Bosnia and Herzegovina  ECHR

Bosnia and Herzegovina: further progress needed in implementing anti-corruption recommendations - coe.intBosnia and Herzegovina: further progress needed in implementing anti-corruption recommendations  coe.int

Bosnia and Herzegovina ratifies the 2019 Global Convention on the - unesco.orgBosnia and Herzegovina ratifies the 2019 Global Convention on the  unesco.org

Second Call Published under the Bosnia and Herzegovina – Montenegro Programme 2021–2027 - EEASSecond Call Published under the Bosnia and Herzegovina – Montenegro Programme 2021–2027  EEAS

CyberSEE: Bosnia and Herzegovina moves towards the signature and implementation of the Second Additional Protocol to the Convention on Cybercrime - coe.intCyberSEE: Bosnia and Herzegovina moves towards the signature and implementation of the Second Additional Protocol to the Convention on Cybercrime  coe.int

Matin’s Journey: From fear to belonging in Bosnia and Herzegovina - UNHCR - The UN Refugee AgencyMatin’s Journey: From fear to belonging in Bosnia and Herzegovina  UNHCR - The UN Refugee Agency

US Suddenly Lifts Sanctions on Bosnian Serb Leader Dodik - Balkan InsightUS Suddenly Lifts Sanctions on Bosnian Serb Leader Dodik  Balkan Insight

Bosnia and Herzegovina-Austria | European Qualifiers 2026 - UEFA.comBosnia and Herzegovina-Austria | European Qualifiers 2026  UEFA.com

Thirty years after Srebrenica, is Bosnia and Herzegovina a viable state? - European Consortium for Political Research (ECPR)Thirty years after Srebrenica, is Bosnia and Herzegovina a viable state?  European Consortium for Political Research (ECPR)

Bosnia and Herzegovina: “a society that has gone through a genocide is more prone to it happening again” - Statewatch |Bosnia and Herzegovina: “a society that has gone through a genocide is more prone to it happening again”  Statewatch |

ECDC country visit to Bosnia and Herzegovina to discuss surveillance of communicable diseases - European Centre for Disease Prevention and ControlECDC country visit to Bosnia and Herzegovina to discuss surveillance of communicable diseases  European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control

Bosnia and Herzegovina: MRG urges action in Sejdic/Finci case - Minority Rights GroupBosnia and Herzegovina: MRG urges action in Sejdic/Finci case  Minority Rights Group

World Report 2025: Bosnia and Herzegovina - Human Rights WatchWorld Report 2025: Bosnia and Herzegovina  Human Rights Watch

Intersectoral Advisory Board Established to Support Digital Transformation of Education in Bosnia and Herzegovina - UnicefIntersectoral Advisory Board Established to Support Digital Transformation of Education in Bosnia and Herzegovina  Unicef

Minister for Foreign Affairs visits Bosnia and Herzegovina - Government.seMinister for Foreign Affairs visits Bosnia and Herzegovina  Government.se

US lifts sanctions on Putin ally ‘Bosnian Bear’ - PoliticoUS lifts sanctions on Putin ally ‘Bosnian Bear’  Politico

Support for Bosnia and Herzegovina’s EU accession amid political challenges - European Western BalkansSupport for Bosnia and Herzegovina’s EU accession amid political challenges  European Western Balkans

Bosnia and Herzegovina: Heightened tensions and destabilising risks after Serb entity’s leader is sentenced to jail and barred from politics - CredendoBosnia and Herzegovina: Heightened tensions and destabilising risks after Serb entity’s leader is sentenced to jail and barred from politics  Credendo

Meeting with the Central Election Commission of Bosnia and Herzegovina - coe.intMeeting with the Central Election Commission of Bosnia and Herzegovina  coe.int

Bosnia and Herzegovina urged to strengthen efforts against money laundering and terrorist financing - coe.intBosnia and Herzegovina urged to strengthen efforts against money laundering and terrorist financing  coe.int

Bosnia and Herzegovina Urged to Strengthen Efforts Against Money Laundering and Terrorist Financing - coe.intBosnia and Herzegovina Urged to Strengthen Efforts Against Money Laundering and Terrorist Financing  coe.int

Bilateral Relations Between India and Bosnia & Herzegovina - India BriefingBilateral Relations Between India and Bosnia & Herzegovina  India Briefing

IFAD in Bosnia and Herzegovina - IFADIFAD in Bosnia and Herzegovina  IFAD

Statement of the OSCE Mission to Bosnia and Herzegovina regarding the BiH CEC Decision on early elections for the President of Republika Srpska - Organization for Security and Co-operation in EuropeStatement of the OSCE Mission to Bosnia and Herzegovina regarding the BiH CEC Decision on early elections for the President of Republika Srpska  Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe

A Hike to Lukomir, The Highest Village in Bosnia and Herzegovina - Much Better AdventuresA Hike to Lukomir, The Highest Village in Bosnia and Herzegovina  Much Better Adventures

US lifts sanctions on Putin-backed Bosnian Serb strongman after Trump allies’ lobbying - CNNUS lifts sanctions on Putin-backed Bosnian Serb strongman after Trump allies’ lobbying  CNN

What’s behind the political crisis in Bosnia Herzegovina? - Al JazeeraWhat’s behind the political crisis in Bosnia Herzegovina?  Al Jazeera

Forest restoration restores ecosystems and strengthens rural communities in Bosnia and Herzegovina - Food and Agriculture OrganizationForest restoration restores ecosystems and strengthens rural communities in Bosnia and Herzegovina  Food and Agriculture Organization

Digital 2025: Bosnia And Herzegovina - DataReportal – Global Digital InsightsDigital 2025: Bosnia And Herzegovina  DataReportal – Global Digital Insights

Climate Governance and Data Systems in Bosnia and Herzegovina - United Nations Development ProgrammeClimate Governance and Data Systems in Bosnia and Herzegovina  United Nations Development Programme

Bosnia and Herzegovina steps up action on technology-facilitated violence against women - coe.intBosnia and Herzegovina steps up action on technology-facilitated violence against women  coe.int

Is Bosnia and Herzegovina’s EU Bid Worth It? - Foreign PolicyIs Bosnia and Herzegovina’s EU Bid Worth It?  Foreign Policy

How Trump Could Fix Bosnia’s Flawed Peace Deal - Balkan InsightHow Trump Could Fix Bosnia’s Flawed Peace Deal  Balkan Insight

Rebuilding Trust, One Municipality at a Time in Bosnia and Herzegovina - Welcome to the United NationsRebuilding Trust, One Municipality at a Time in Bosnia and Herzegovina  Welcome to the United Nations

Local leaders in Bosnia and Herzegovina join global dialogue on open government - coe.intLocal leaders in Bosnia and Herzegovina join global dialogue on open government  coe.int

Startup Scene in Bosnia Heats Up: Country's First Venture Fund Officially Launches - Yahoo FinanceStartup Scene in Bosnia Heats Up: Country's First Venture Fund Officially Launches  Yahoo Finance

Bosnian Serb leader Milorad Dodik's new laws spark major political crisis - Euronews.comBosnian Serb leader Milorad Dodik's new laws spark major political crisis  Euronews.com

Religious communities in Bosnia and Herzegovina unite to promote interreligious dialogue and tolerance - coe.intReligious communities in Bosnia and Herzegovina unite to promote interreligious dialogue and tolerance  coe.int

AFET ad-hoc mission to Bosnia and Herzegovina – 16-18 September 2025 | Past events | Events | Think Tank - European ParliamentAFET ad-hoc mission to Bosnia and Herzegovina – 16-18 September 2025 | Past events | Events | Think Tank  European Parliament

What’s at stake for Bosnia and Herzegovina as Milorad Dodik faces a political reckoning? - Atlantic CouncilWhat’s at stake for Bosnia and Herzegovina as Milorad Dodik faces a political reckoning?  Atlantic Council

Election administration in Bosnia and Herzegovina proposes steps for improving election process based on lessons learned in 2024 - coe.intElection administration in Bosnia and Herzegovina proposes steps for improving election process based on lessons learned in 2024  coe.int

SME Policy Index: Bosnia and Herzegovina Kick-off Event - OECDSME Policy Index: Bosnia and Herzegovina Kick-off Event  OECD

Recognition award from the Central Election Commission of Bosnia and Herzegovina to the Venice Commission of the Council of Europe - Venice Commission of the Council of Europe - coe.intRecognition award from the Central Election Commission of Bosnia and Herzegovina to the Venice Commission of the Council of Europe - Venice Commission of the Council of Europe  coe.int

Protecting Freedom of Expression Against Defamation and SLAPPs in Bosnia and Herzegovina - coe.intProtecting Freedom of Expression Against Defamation and SLAPPs in Bosnia and Herzegovina  coe.int

16-09-2025 09:00 AFET ad-hoc mission to Bosnia and Herzegovina – 16-18 September 2025 - European Parliament16-09-2025 09:00 AFET ad-hoc mission to Bosnia and Herzegovina – 16-18 September 2025  European Parliament

Cyprus-Bosnia and Herzegovina | European Qualifiers 2026 - UEFA.comCyprus-Bosnia and Herzegovina | European Qualifiers 2026  UEFA.com

OSCE Head of Mission Visits Travnik and Zenica - Organization for Security and Co-operation in EuropeOSCE Head of Mission Visits Travnik and Zenica  Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe

UN / BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA - UN MediaUN / BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA  UN Media

Call to civil society organisations: Grants for projects addressing digital and sexual violence against women in Bosnia and Herzegovina - coe.intCall to civil society organisations: Grants for projects addressing digital and sexual violence against women in Bosnia and Herzegovina  coe.int

Bosnia peace envoy says Serb regional leaders seek to destabilise country - Al JazeeraBosnia peace envoy says Serb regional leaders seek to destabilise country  Al Jazeera

Australian Embassy Direct Aid Program in Bosnia and Herzegovina - fundsforNGOsAustralian Embassy Direct Aid Program in Bosnia and Herzegovina  fundsforNGOs

Standing up, speaking out: Journalists from Bosnia and Herzegovina empowered for combating gender-based violence - coe.intStanding up, speaking out: Journalists from Bosnia and Herzegovina empowered for combating gender-based violence  coe.int

Grand Chamber conclusions in a case concerning Bosnia and Herzegovina - ECHRGrand Chamber conclusions in a case concerning Bosnia and Herzegovina  ECHR

Bosnia and Herzegovina: 30th anniversary of Srebrenica massacre “a painful reminder from history” - Amnesty InternationalBosnia and Herzegovina: 30th anniversary of Srebrenica massacre “a painful reminder from history”  Amnesty International

Constitutional Standoff in Bosnia and Herzegovina: Drama in Four Acts (So Far) - ConstitutionNetConstitutional Standoff in Bosnia and Herzegovina: Drama in Four Acts (So Far)  ConstitutionNet

Bosnia Arrests Four Police Officers Suspected of Human Trafficking - Balkan InsightBosnia Arrests Four Police Officers Suspected of Human Trafficking  Balkan Insight

Teachers in Bosnia and Herzegovina unite to bring democratic values into classrooms - coe.intTeachers in Bosnia and Herzegovina unite to bring democratic values into classrooms  coe.int

Croatia is pushing for Bosnia's EU membership — PM Plenkovic - Euronews.comCroatia is pushing for Bosnia's EU membership — PM Plenkovic  Euronews.com

Bosnia-Herzegovina Country Report 2025 - Genocide WatchBosnia-Herzegovina Country Report 2025  Genocide Watch