Bosnia and Herzegovina

Country Bosnia and Herzegovina
Capital Sarajevo
Continent Europe
Currency Convertible Mark(BAM)
Languages Bosnian, Croatian & Serbian

Information

Introduction

Bosnia and Herzegovina's declaration of sovereignty in October 1991 was followed by a declaration of independence from the former Yugoslavia on 3 March 1992 after a referendum boycotted by ethnic Serbs. The Bosnian Serbs - supported by neighboring Serbia and Montenegro - responded with armed resistance aimed at partitioning the republic along ethnic lines and joining Serb-held areas to form a "Greater Serbia." In March 1994, Bosniaks and Croats reduced the number of warring factions from three to two by signing an agreement creating a joint Bosniak/Croat Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. On 21 November 1995, in Dayton, Ohio, the warring parties initialed a peace agreement that brought to a halt three years of interethnic civil strife (the final agreement was signed in Paris on 14 December 1995). The Dayton Peace Accords retained Bosnia and Herzegovina's international boundaries and created a multi-ethnic and democratic government charged with conducting foreign, diplomatic, and fiscal policy. Also recognized was a second tier of government composed of two entities roughly equal in size: the Bosniak/Croat Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Bosnian Serb-led Republika Srpska (RS). The Federation and RS governments were charged with overseeing most government functions. The Dayton Accords also established the Office of the High Representative (OHR) to oversee the implementation of the civilian aspects of the agreement. The Peace Implementation Council (PIC) at its conference in Bonn in 1997 also gave the High Representative the authority to impose legislation and remove officials, the so-called "Bonn Powers." In 1995-96, a NATO-led international peacekeeping force (IFOR) of 60,000 troops served in Bosnia to implement and monitor the military aspects of the agreement. IFOR was succeeded by a smaller, NATO-led Stabilization Force (SFOR) whose mission was to deter renewed hostilities. European Union peacekeeping troops (EUFOR) replaced SFOR in December 2004; their mission is to maintain peace and stability throughout the country. EUFOR's mission changed from peacekeeping to civil policing in October 2007, with its presence reduced from nearly 7,000 to less than 2,500 troops. Troop strength at the end of 2009 stood at roughly 2,000. In January 2010, Bosnia and Herzegovina assumed a nonpermanent seat on the UN Security Council for the 2010-11 term.

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References

Bosnia and Herzegovina - Wikipedia
Bosnia and Herzegovina - CIA World Fact Book
Bosnia and Herzegovina - BBC
Bosnia and Herzegovina - Timeline - BBC

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Bosnia’s Serbs Set Vote That Risks Plunging Country Into Chaos - MintBosnia’s Serbs Set Vote That Risks Plunging Country Into Chaos  Mint

Bosnian Serb Lawmakers Vote for Referendum in Bid to Keep Dodik in Power - Balkan InsightBosnian Serb Lawmakers Vote for Referendum in Bid to Keep Dodik in Power  Balkan Insight

Bosnia and Herzegovina in crisis as Bosnian-Serb president rallies for secession - The ConversationBosnia and Herzegovina in crisis as Bosnian-Serb president rallies for secession  The Conversation

Bosnia and Herzegovina: Dodik’s Fall: The End of an Era? - Friedrich-Naumann-Stiftung für die FreiheitBosnia and Herzegovina: Dodik’s Fall: The End of an Era?  Friedrich-Naumann-Stiftung für die Freiheit

Tarik Hodzic: History of Bosnia and Herzegovina is Incredible - Sarajevo TimesTarik Hodzic: History of Bosnia and Herzegovina is Incredible  Sarajevo Times

2025 News items - Members advance Bosnia and Herzegovina's WTO accession negotiations closer to conclusion - World Trade Organization2025 News items - Members advance Bosnia and Herzegovina's WTO accession negotiations closer to conclusion  World Trade Organization

Bosnia and Herzegovina name final 12-man roster for EuroBasket - fiba.basketballBosnia and Herzegovina name final 12-man roster for EuroBasket  fiba.basketball

Security Council urged to stand firm as Bosnia and Herzegovina faces deepening crisis - UN NewsSecurity Council urged to stand firm as Bosnia and Herzegovina faces deepening crisis  UN News

A Matter of Choice: Reimagining Development in Bosnia and Herzegovina in the Age of AI - UNDPA Matter of Choice: Reimagining Development in Bosnia and Herzegovina in the Age of AI  UNDP

New Roads Boost Jobs, Connectivity, and Growth in Bosnia and Herzegovina - World BankNew Roads Boost Jobs, Connectivity, and Growth in Bosnia and Herzegovina  World Bank

Country Reports on Terrorism 2023: Bosnia and Herzegovina - U.S. Department of State (.gov)Country Reports on Terrorism 2023: Bosnia and Herzegovina  U.S. Department of State (.gov)

News: NATO and Bosnia and Herzegovina boost practical cooperation, 10-Jun.-2025 - NATO - HomepageNews: NATO and Bosnia and Herzegovina boost practical cooperation, 10-Jun.-2025  NATO - Homepage

Bomb threat disrupts key Serb Republic parl session - report - SeeNewsBomb threat disrupts key Serb Republic parl session - report  SeeNews

The ACN welcomes Montenegro and Bosnia and Herzegovina as new members of its peer review mechanism - OECDThe ACN welcomes Montenegro and Bosnia and Herzegovina as new members of its peer review mechanism  OECD

30 years after the Bosnian War, its refugees still cannot return home - Le Monde.fr30 years after the Bosnian War, its refugees still cannot return home  Le Monde.fr

Collaboration is key to successful land management in Bosnia and Herzegovina - Food and Agriculture OrganizationCollaboration is key to successful land management in Bosnia and Herzegovina  Food and Agriculture Organization

Can people afford to pay for health care? New analysis sheds light on financial protection in Bosnia and Herzegovina - World Health Organization (WHO)Can people afford to pay for health care? New analysis sheds light on financial protection in Bosnia and Herzegovina  World Health Organization (WHO)

As Ousted Serb Strongman Vows Revenge, Bosnia Holds its Breath - Balkan InsightAs Ousted Serb Strongman Vows Revenge, Bosnia Holds its Breath  Balkan Insight

IGK: Canada Reaffirms Support for Bosnia and Herzegovina’s Sovereignty, Integrity and Multi-Ethnic Character - Sarajevo TimesIGK: Canada Reaffirms Support for Bosnia and Herzegovina’s Sovereignty, Integrity and Multi-Ethnic Character  Sarajevo Times

How Bosnia and Herzegovina’s Youth Are Building the Future They Want - UNDPHow Bosnia and Herzegovina’s Youth Are Building the Future They Want  UNDP

What’s next for Dodik after the Court of BiH confirms that he is no longer President of Republika Srpska? - European Western BalkansWhat’s next for Dodik after the Court of BiH confirms that he is no longer President of Republika Srpska?  European Western Balkans

EU strengthens cooperation on migration and border management with Bosnia and Herzegovina - Enlargement and Eastern NeighbourhoodEU strengthens cooperation on migration and border management with Bosnia and Herzegovina  Enlargement and Eastern Neighbourhood

Minister for Foreign Affairs visits Bosnia and Herzegovina - Government.seMinister for Foreign Affairs visits Bosnia and Herzegovina  Government.se

Dodik is no longer president of Republika Srpska, the Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina rules - Gazeta ExpressDodik is no longer president of Republika Srpska, the Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina rules  Gazeta Express

Bosnia and Herzegovina—Country Climate and Development Report - World BankBosnia and Herzegovina—Country Climate and Development Report  World Bank

Bosnia and Herzegovina: advancing health reform with a focus on community-based primary health care - World Health Organization (WHO)Bosnia and Herzegovina: advancing health reform with a focus on community-based primary health care  World Health Organization (WHO)

Bosnia and Herzegovina: further progress needed in implementing anti-corruption recommendations - The Council of EuropeBosnia and Herzegovina: further progress needed in implementing anti-corruption recommendations  The Council of Europe

Separatist Bosnian Serb leader Dodik removed from office by Bosnian election authorities - The HinduSeparatist Bosnian Serb leader Dodik removed from office by Bosnian election authorities  The Hindu

Bosnia and Herzegovina | Who Owns Agricultural Land? - ARC2020Bosnia and Herzegovina | Who Owns Agricultural Land?  ARC2020

Bosnia and Herzegovina: MRG urges action in Sejdic/Finci case - Minority Rights GroupBosnia and Herzegovina: MRG urges action in Sejdic/Finci case  Minority Rights Group

Is Bosnia and Herzegovina’s EU Bid Worth It? - Foreign PolicyIs Bosnia and Herzegovina’s EU Bid Worth It?  Foreign Policy

Bosnia and Herzegovina Holds Exclusive Right to Manage State Property - Sarajevo TimesBosnia and Herzegovina Holds Exclusive Right to Manage State Property  Sarajevo Times

Cerimagic: Crisis contained for now, but Dodik’s next moves will be decisive - European Western BalkansCerimagic: Crisis contained for now, but Dodik’s next moves will be decisive  European Western Balkans

EU Support to Floods Recovery in Bosnia and Herzegovina - UNDPEU Support to Floods Recovery in Bosnia and Herzegovina  UNDP

Bosnia and Herzegovina ratifies the 2019 Global Convention on the - UNESCOBosnia and Herzegovina ratifies the 2019 Global Convention on the  UNESCO

Forest restoration restores ecosystems and strengthens rural communities in Bosnia and Herzegovina - Food and Agriculture OrganizationForest restoration restores ecosystems and strengthens rural communities in Bosnia and Herzegovina  Food and Agriculture Organization

Conference held on journalists' safety and media freedom in Bosnia and Herzegovina - The Council of EuropeConference held on journalists' safety and media freedom in Bosnia and Herzegovina  The Council of Europe

Bosnia-Herzegovina - EBRDBosnia-Herzegovina  EBRD

Can Bosnia and Herzegovina “survive” after the top court ruling against Milorad Dodik? - European Western BalkansCan Bosnia and Herzegovina “survive” after the top court ruling against Milorad Dodik?  European Western Balkans

Bosnia and Herzegovina Urged to Strengthen Efforts Against Money Laundering and Terrorist Financing - The Council of EuropeBosnia and Herzegovina Urged to Strengthen Efforts Against Money Laundering and Terrorist Financing  The Council of Europe

Bilateral Relations Between India and Bosnia & Herzegovina - India BriefingBilateral Relations Between India and Bosnia & Herzegovina  India Briefing

Bosnia and Herzegovina: 30 years after Srebrenica massacre - DWBosnia and Herzegovina: 30 years after Srebrenica massacre  DW

Bosnian Serb prime minister steps down as political turmoil deepens | Daily Sabah - Daily SabahBosnian Serb prime minister steps down as political turmoil deepens | Daily Sabah  Daily Sabah

Bosnia and Herzegovina: Heightened tensions and destabilising risks after Serb entity’s leader is sentenced to jail and barred from politics - CredendoBosnia and Herzegovina: Heightened tensions and destabilising risks after Serb entity’s leader is sentenced to jail and barred from politics  Credendo

World Report 2025: Bosnia and Herzegovina - Human Rights WatchWorld Report 2025: Bosnia and Herzegovina  Human Rights Watch

Bosnia and Herzegovina urged to strengthen efforts against money laundering and terrorist financing - The Council of EuropeBosnia and Herzegovina urged to strengthen efforts against money laundering and terrorist financing  The Council of Europe

Digital 2025: Bosnia And Herzegovina - DataReportal – Global Digital InsightsDigital 2025: Bosnia And Herzegovina  DataReportal – Global Digital Insights

Thirty years after the Srebrenica genocide, Bosnia and Herzegovina remains a land suspended between memory and oblivion - New Eastern EuropeThirty years after the Srebrenica genocide, Bosnia and Herzegovina remains a land suspended between memory and oblivion  New Eastern Europe

Meeting with the Central Election Commission of Bosnia and Herzegovina - The Council of EuropeMeeting with the Central Election Commission of Bosnia and Herzegovina  The Council of Europe

Efforts to Establish a More Efficient Information Exchange System for Financial Investigations in Bosnia and Herzegovina - United Nations Office on Drugs and CrimeEfforts to Establish a More Efficient Information Exchange System for Financial Investigations in Bosnia and Herzegovina  United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime

GRETA carries out fourth evaluation visit to Bosnia and Herzegovina - The Council of EuropeGRETA carries out fourth evaluation visit to Bosnia and Herzegovina  The Council of Europe

What’s behind the political crisis in Bosnia Herzegovina? - Al JazeeraWhat’s behind the political crisis in Bosnia Herzegovina?  Al Jazeera

Bosnia and Herzegovina: 30th anniversary of Srebrenica massacre “a painful reminder from history” - Amnesty InternationalBosnia and Herzegovina: 30th anniversary of Srebrenica massacre “a painful reminder from history”  Amnesty International

The European Union and the Council of Europe in BiH continue activities within the initiative ‘Block Hate. Share Love!’ - European NewsroomThe European Union and the Council of Europe in BiH continue activities within the initiative ‘Block Hate. Share Love!’  European Newsroom

Why Bosnia has Europe on edge again - DWWhy Bosnia has Europe on edge again  DW

Sarajevo Film Fest Premieres Bosnian Detention Camp Survivor’s Tragic Story - Balkan InsightSarajevo Film Fest Premieres Bosnian Detention Camp Survivor’s Tragic Story  Balkan Insight

Grand Chamber conclusions in a case concerning Bosnia and Herzegovina - ECHRGrand Chamber conclusions in a case concerning Bosnia and Herzegovina  ECHR

2024 News items - WTO delegation visits Bosnia and Herzegovina to advance accession negotiations - World Trade Organization2024 News items - WTO delegation visits Bosnia and Herzegovina to advance accession negotiations  World Trade Organization

Western Sanctions on Bosnian Serb Leader Dodik: Have They Worked? - Balkan InsightWestern Sanctions on Bosnian Serb Leader Dodik: Have They Worked?  Balkan Insight

CyberSEE: Bosnia and Herzegovina moves towards the signature and implementation of the Second Additional Protocol to the Convention on Cybercrime - The Council of EuropeCyberSEE: Bosnia and Herzegovina moves towards the signature and implementation of the Second Additional Protocol to the Convention on Cybercrime  The Council of Europe

‘Worst-Case Scenario’: Fears Grow Among Post-War Returnees in Bosnia - Balkan Insight‘Worst-Case Scenario’: Fears Grow Among Post-War Returnees in Bosnia  Balkan Insight

Bosnia and Herzegovina’s Srpska Republic prime minister resigns - Caliber.AzBosnia and Herzegovina’s Srpska Republic prime minister resigns  Caliber.Az

Constitutional Standoff in Bosnia and Herzegovina: Drama in Four Acts (So Far) - ConstitutionNetConstitutional Standoff in Bosnia and Herzegovina: Drama in Four Acts (So Far)  ConstitutionNet

47 Israelis stranded in Bosnia after passports end up in waste bin - JNS.org47 Israelis stranded in Bosnia after passports end up in waste bin  JNS.org

Launch in Bosnia and Herzegovina of the CEPEJ-HELP online training course on the quality of justice - The Council of EuropeLaunch in Bosnia and Herzegovina of the CEPEJ-HELP online training course on the quality of justice  The Council of Europe

Religious communities in Bosnia and Herzegovina unite to promote interreligious dialogue and tolerance - The Council of EuropeReligious communities in Bosnia and Herzegovina unite to promote interreligious dialogue and tolerance  The Council of Europe

Protecting Freedom of Expression Against Defamation and SLAPPs in Bosnia and Herzegovina - The Council of EuropeProtecting Freedom of Expression Against Defamation and SLAPPs in Bosnia and Herzegovina  The Council of Europe

EU AND UNICEF LAUNCH REHABILITATION OF 9 PRESCHOOLS ACROSS BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA - UnicefEU AND UNICEF LAUNCH REHABILITATION OF 9 PRESCHOOLS ACROSS BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA  Unicef

Embracing One Health for Sustainable Development in Bosnia and Herzegovina - Food and Agriculture OrganizationEmbracing One Health for Sustainable Development in Bosnia and Herzegovina  Food and Agriculture Organization

How Bosnia and Herzegovina’s National Parks Are Becoming Beacons of Resilience - UNDPHow Bosnia and Herzegovina’s National Parks Are Becoming Beacons of Resilience  UNDP

Election administration in Bosnia and Herzegovina proposes steps for improving election process based on lessons learned in 2024 - The Council of EuropeElection administration in Bosnia and Herzegovina proposes steps for improving election process based on lessons learned in 2024  The Council of Europe

Rebuilding Trust, One Municipality at a Time in Bosnia and Herzegovina - Welcome to the United NationsRebuilding Trust, One Municipality at a Time in Bosnia and Herzegovina  Welcome to the United Nations

What’s at stake for Bosnia and Herzegovina as Milorad Dodik faces a political reckoning? - Atlantic CouncilWhat’s at stake for Bosnia and Herzegovina as Milorad Dodik faces a political reckoning?  Atlantic Council

Genocide Museum opens in Srebrenica – the world's largest exhibition on the victims of the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina - Gazeta ExpressGenocide Museum opens in Srebrenica – the world's largest exhibition on the victims of the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina  Gazeta Express

New project in Bosnia and Herzegovina aims to support authorities for combating digital and sexual violence against women - The Council of EuropeNew project in Bosnia and Herzegovina aims to support authorities for combating digital and sexual violence against women  The Council of Europe

Bosnia in 2025: New Year, New Political Crisis - Balkan InsightBosnia in 2025: New Year, New Political Crisis  Balkan Insight

Bosnian Court Rejects State’s Attempt to Curb Corruption Reporter - Balkan InsightBosnian Court Rejects State’s Attempt to Curb Corruption Reporter  Balkan Insight

Bosnia and Herzegovina relives the trauma of Srebrenica 30 years after the genocide - EL PAÍS EnglishBosnia and Herzegovina relives the trauma of Srebrenica 30 years after the genocide  EL PAÍS English

How Trump Could Fix Bosnia’s Flawed Peace Deal - Balkan InsightHow Trump Could Fix Bosnia’s Flawed Peace Deal  Balkan Insight

Bosnia and Herzegovina - consilium.europa.euBosnia and Herzegovina  consilium.europa.eu

Bosnia in Deadlock as Serbs Strain for Exit - International Crisis GroupBosnia in Deadlock as Serbs Strain for Exit  International Crisis Group

Bosnia-Herzegovina Country Report 2025 - Genocide WatchBosnia-Herzegovina Country Report 2025  Genocide Watch

Call to civil society organisations: Grants for projects addressing digital and sexual violence against women in Bosnia and Herzegovina - The Council of EuropeCall to civil society organisations: Grants for projects addressing digital and sexual violence against women in Bosnia and Herzegovina  The Council of Europe

Dominance of PV and the shift to bifacial back contact c-Si technology in the next solar decade - PV TechDominance of PV and the shift to bifacial back contact c-Si technology in the next solar decade  PV Tech

Bosnia and Herzegovina - General DebateBosnia and Herzegovina  General Debate

Passports of 50 Israeli tourists lost in Bosnia and Herzegovina - Gazeta ExpressPassports of 50 Israeli tourists lost in Bosnia and Herzegovina  Gazeta Express

Thirty years after Srebrenica, is Bosnia and Herzegovina a viable state? - European Consortium for Political Research (ECPR)Thirty years after Srebrenica, is Bosnia and Herzegovina a viable state?  European Consortium for Political Research (ECPR)

Bosnia change naturalized player ahead of EuroBasket - BasketNews.comBosnia change naturalized player ahead of EuroBasket  BasketNews.com

Bosnian court rejects Serb entity President Dodik’s appeal to revoke his mandate - Anadolu AjansiBosnian court rejects Serb entity President Dodik’s appeal to revoke his mandate  Anadolu Ajansi

Bosnian Serb police raid federal office as tensions escalate - DWBosnian Serb police raid federal office as tensions escalate  DW

Constitutional crisis shakes Bosnia - VOA - Voice of America English NewsConstitutional crisis shakes Bosnia  VOA - Voice of America English News

Bosnia and Herzegovina: The authorities of Republika Srpska should repeal the “foreign agent” law - The Council of EuropeBosnia and Herzegovina: The authorities of Republika Srpska should repeal the “foreign agent” law  The Council of Europe

Standing up, speaking out: Journalists from Bosnia and Herzegovina empowered for combating gender-based violence - The Council of EuropeStanding up, speaking out: Journalists from Bosnia and Herzegovina empowered for combating gender-based violence  The Council of Europe

Standing up, speaking out: Journalists from Bosnia and Herzegovina empowered for combating gender-based violence - The Council of EuropeStanding up, speaking out: Journalists from Bosnia and Herzegovina empowered for combating gender-based violence  The Council of Europe

Bosnia, 30 years on: the looming crisis in the Balkans - Financial TimesBosnia, 30 years on: the looming crisis in the Balkans  Financial Times

SFF Teen Action Programme Winners Announced - Sarajevo TimesSFF Teen Action Programme Winners Announced  Sarajevo Times

Bosnia and Herzegovina Still Without an Adopted State Budget - Sarajevo TimesBosnia and Herzegovina Still Without an Adopted State Budget  Sarajevo Times

Enhancing Institutional Integrity of Judicial and Prosecutorial Training Centers in Bosnia and Herzegovina - United Nations Office on Drugs and CrimeEnhancing Institutional Integrity of Judicial and Prosecutorial Training Centers in Bosnia and Herzegovina  United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime

OSCE Chairperson-in-Office Valtonen concludes visit to Bosnia and Herzegovina, reiterates OSCE’s continued support for stability and security in the country - Organization for Security and Co-operation in EuropeOSCE Chairperson-in-Office Valtonen concludes visit to Bosnia and Herzegovina, reiterates OSCE’s continued support for stability and security in the country  Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe

Dr. Nedim Hogic on Corruption and Foreign Influence in Bosnia and Herzegovina - Georgetown Journal of International AffairsDr. Nedim Hogic on Corruption and Foreign Influence in Bosnia and Herzegovina  Georgetown Journal of International Affairs