Poland

Country Poland
Capital Warsaw
Continent Europe
Currency Złoty(PLN)
Languages Polish & Kashubian

Information

Introduction

Poland is an ancient nation that was conceived near the middle of the 10th century. Its golden age occurred in the 16th century. During the following century, the strengthening of the gentry and internal disorders weakened the nation. In a series of agreements between 1772 and 1795, Russia, Prussia, and Austria partitioned Poland amongst themselves. Poland regained its independence in 1918 only to be overrun by Germany and the Soviet Union in World War II. It became a Soviet satellite state following the war, but its government was comparatively tolerant and progressive. Labor turmoil in 1980 led to the formation of the independent trade union "Solidarity" that over time became a political force and by 1990 had swept parliamentary elections and the presidency. A "shock therapy" program during the early 1990s enabled the country to transform its economy into one of the most robust in Central Europe, but Poland still faces the lingering challenges of high unemployment, underdeveloped and dilapidated infrastructure, and a poor rural underclass. Solidarity suffered a major defeat in the 2001 parliamentary elections when it failed to elect a single deputy to the lower house of Parliament, and the new leaders of the Solidarity Trade Union subsequently pledged to reduce the Trade Union's political role. Poland joined NATO in 1999 and the European Union in 2004. With its transformation to a democratic, market-oriented country largely completed, Poland is an increasingly active member of Euro-Atlantic organizations.

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References

Poland - Wikipedia
Poland - CIA World Fact Book
Poland - BBC
Poland - National Geographic
Poland - Timeline - BBC

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Three Ukrainians jailed for Russia-linked sabotage in Poland - Arab NewsThree Ukrainians jailed for Russia-linked sabotage in Poland  Arab News

Flashy hardware, fragile strategy: is Poland, NATO’s biggest defence spender, preparing for the right war? - Notes From PolandFlashy hardware, fragile strategy: is Poland, NATO’s biggest defence spender, preparing for the right war?  Notes From Poland

‘Rare’ 4th-century Celtic brain surgery tool unearthed in Poland - TVP World‘Rare’ 4th-century Celtic brain surgery tool unearthed in Poland  TVP World

RBC upgrades Kingfisher to “outperform,” sees UK and Poland driving growth - Investing.comRBC upgrades Kingfisher to “outperform,” sees UK and Poland driving growth  Investing.com

Researchers report progress in effort to boost Poland’s only native turtle species - Notes From PolandResearchers report progress in effort to boost Poland’s only native turtle species  Notes From Poland

Poland’s public debt rises at second-fastest rate in EU - Notes From PolandPoland’s public debt rises at second-fastest rate in EU  Notes From Poland

Poland’s former deputy anti-corruption chief charged in Pegasus spyware probe - Notes From PolandPoland’s former deputy anti-corruption chief charged in Pegasus spyware probe  Notes From Poland

Hungary condemns Polish foreign minister’s call for Russian oil pipeline to be destroyed - Notes From PolandHungary condemns Polish foreign minister’s call for Russian oil pipeline to be destroyed  Notes From Poland

Poland threatens Putin with arrest if he flies through its airspace on way to Hungary – as it happened - The GuardianPoland threatens Putin with arrest if he flies through its airspace on way to Hungary – as it happened  The Guardian

Poland Detains Eight People Suspected of Sabotage, Tusk Says - Bloomberg.comPoland Detains Eight People Suspected of Sabotage, Tusk Says  Bloomberg.com

9-Month-Old Baby Rescued From Poland's Highest Peak After Parents Attempt Dangerous Climb - NDTV9-Month-Old Baby Rescued From Poland's Highest Peak After Parents Attempt Dangerous Climb  NDTV

Poland "cannot guarantee" Putin would not be arrested if he flies through Polish airspace to Hungary - Notes From PolandPoland "cannot guarantee" Putin would not be arrested if he flies through Polish airspace to Hungary  Notes From Poland

Poland’s birth rate is in freefall. The cause? A loneliness epidemic that state cash can’t solve - The GuardianPoland’s birth rate is in freefall. The cause? A loneliness epidemic that state cash can’t solve  The Guardian

Poland Puts Military On Highest Alert Level After Russian Warplanes Strike Neighbouring Ukraine - Times of IndiaPoland Puts Military On Highest Alert Level After Russian Warplanes Strike Neighbouring Ukraine  Times of India

Viral: Couple defies warnings, climbs frozen peak in Poland with 9-month-old baby - India TodayViral: Couple defies warnings, climbs frozen peak in Poland with 9-month-old baby  India Today

Rugby Europe Trophy: Poland defeats Lithuania 41-8 - TVP WorldRugby Europe Trophy: Poland defeats Lithuania 41-8  TVP World

Top Virtual Pet Apps on iOS in Poland: Q3 2025 - Sensor TowerTop Virtual Pet Apps on iOS in Poland: Q3 2025  Sensor Tower

Poland, Romania foil Russian exploding parcels plot, Warsaw says - DD NewsPoland, Romania foil Russian exploding parcels plot, Warsaw says  DD News

Discover "Picture Poland" on Google Arts & Culture - blog.googleDiscover "Picture Poland" on Google Arts & Culture  blog.google

Poland arrests suspected saboteurs amid fears of Russian ‘hybrid warfare’ - Al JazeeraPoland arrests suspected saboteurs amid fears of Russian ‘hybrid warfare’  Al Jazeera

Poland to abolish income tax for families with children: what is known - Visit UkrainePoland to abolish income tax for families with children: what is known  Visit Ukraine

The Exploitation Of Migrant Workers In Poland - The Organization for World PeaceThe Exploitation Of Migrant Workers In Poland  The Organization for World Peace

Poland detains eight over suspected Russia-linked sabotage, says PM Tusk - Euronews.comPoland detains eight over suspected Russia-linked sabotage, says PM Tusk  Euronews.com

Huge copper discovery could economically transform Poland - TVP WorldHuge copper discovery could economically transform Poland  TVP World

Poland’s main ruling party changes name and merges with junior partners - Notes From PolandPoland’s main ruling party changes name and merges with junior partners  Notes From Poland

Poland’s Mongrel Day celebrates mixed-breed dogs - TVP WorldPoland’s Mongrel Day celebrates mixed-breed dogs  TVP World

Poland detains eight suspected of plotting sabotage on behalf of Russia - Notes From PolandPoland detains eight suspected of plotting sabotage on behalf of Russia  Notes From Poland

Poland’s population falls by 158,000 in a year, says stats office - TVP WorldPoland’s population falls by 158,000 in a year, says stats office  TVP World

Painting lost after WWII returned to Polish museum - TVP WorldPainting lost after WWII returned to Polish museum  TVP World

Voltalia commissions new 45 MW solar plant in Poland - Energies MediaVoltalia commissions new 45 MW solar plant in Poland  Energies Media

Huawei threatens Poland over cybersecurity law - Global Arbitration ReviewHuawei threatens Poland over cybersecurity law  Global Arbitration Review

Poland Officially Backs Morocco’s Autonomy Plan, Calls It ‘ Serious, Realistic’ - Morocco World NewsPoland Officially Backs Morocco’s Autonomy Plan, Calls It ‘ Serious, Realistic’  Morocco World News

Poland Signals Readiness to Arrest Putin on ICC Warrant en Route to Trump Summit - The Moscow TimesPoland Signals Readiness to Arrest Putin on ICC Warrant en Route to Trump Summit  The Moscow Times

Volkswagen to expand Poland plant for all-electric crafter production - Manufacturing Today IndiaVolkswagen to expand Poland plant for all-electric crafter production  Manufacturing Today India

Poland opens stunning mountain road - TVP WorldPoland opens stunning mountain road  TVP World

Lavrov Drops Bombshell On Poland ‘Threatening' Putin’s Plane | ‘NATO Nation Ready To Attack’ - Times of IndiaLavrov Drops Bombshell On Poland ‘Threatening' Putin’s Plane | ‘NATO Nation Ready To Attack’  Times of India

Are Poland’s efforts to bolster its defences enough to deter Russia? - MonocleAre Poland’s efforts to bolster its defences enough to deter Russia?  Monocle

Spending of foreigners in Poland 50.2% higher than Poles abroad in ‘24 - Warsaw Business JournalSpending of foreigners in Poland 50.2% higher than Poles abroad in ‘24  Warsaw Business Journal

Poland warns Russia's Putin against crossing its airspace for Trump summit - ReutersPoland warns Russia's Putin against crossing its airspace for Trump summit  Reuters

Spain Joins Portugal, Poland, and Czech Republic as Top Affordable European Travel Destinations for 2025 - Travel And Tour WorldSpain Joins Portugal, Poland, and Czech Republic as Top Affordable European Travel Destinations for 2025  Travel And Tour World

Three Ukrainians convicted in Poland over role in Russian-linked arson campaign - Notes From PolandThree Ukrainians convicted in Poland over role in Russian-linked arson campaign  Notes From Poland

Poland's record-breaking Troscianka wins men's Rising Star award at Golden Tracks - European AthleticsPoland's record-breaking Troscianka wins men's Rising Star award at Golden Tracks  European Athletics

Poland warns Putin: Enter our airspace and you will be forced down, sent to the Hague - The Economic TimesPoland warns Putin: Enter our airspace and you will be forced down, sent to the Hague  The Economic Times

Over 100,000 chickens killed in massive poultry farm blaze in Poland - Anadolu AjansiOver 100,000 chickens killed in massive poultry farm blaze in Poland  Anadolu Ajansi

Poland refuses to extradite a Nord Stream suspect - The EconomistPoland refuses to extradite a Nord Stream suspect  The Economist

Sikorski responds to Tucker Carlson’s remarks on Poland’s role in Ukraine war - TVP WorldSikorski responds to Tucker Carlson’s remarks on Poland’s role in Ukraine war  TVP World

Zodzik: ‘I had no interest in finishing fourth’ - worldathletics.orgZodzik: ‘I had no interest in finishing fourth’  worldathletics.org

Poland - Welcome to the United NationsPoland  Welcome to the United Nations

Poland scrambles aircraft after Russia launches strikes on Ukraine - The HinduPoland scrambles aircraft after Russia launches strikes on Ukraine  The Hindu

Poland Threatens Vladimir Putin Against Using Its Airspace: ‘Will Be Forced To Arrest’ - News18Poland Threatens Vladimir Putin Against Using Its Airspace: ‘Will Be Forced To Arrest’  News18

Poland pushes back on German Nord Stream extradition request - DWPoland pushes back on German Nord Stream extradition request  DW

Polish MPs urge EU to reach agreement on daylight saving time - TVP WorldPolish MPs urge EU to reach agreement on daylight saving time  TVP World

Poland Arrests Eight Over Suspected Russian-Linked Sabotage Plot - Modern DiplomacyPoland Arrests Eight Over Suspected Russian-Linked Sabotage Plot  Modern Diplomacy

Donald Tusk Defends Ukrainian Nord Stream Suspect; Poland Denies Germany’s Extradition Request - Times of IndiaDonald Tusk Defends Ukrainian Nord Stream Suspect; Poland Denies Germany’s Extradition Request  Times of India

Poland slashes travel time to Czech Rep. with new expressway - TVP WorldPoland slashes travel time to Czech Rep. with new expressway  TVP World

Poland television viewing rises while streaming declines in September - PPC LandPoland television viewing rises while streaming declines in September  PPC Land

EU launches legal action against Poland over lack of climate plan - Notes From PolandEU launches legal action against Poland over lack of climate plan  Notes From Poland

Poland backs two-state solution in Middle East during Pakistan talks - TRT WorldPoland backs two-state solution in Middle East during Pakistan talks  TRT World

Poland threatens to arrest Putin if he flies over its airspace - MoneycontrolPoland threatens to arrest Putin if he flies over its airspace  Moneycontrol

Number of fully electric passenger vehicles in Poland passes 100,000 - Notes From PolandNumber of fully electric passenger vehicles in Poland passes 100,000  Notes From Poland

News: NATO Deputy Secretary General visits Poland, 29-Sep.-2025 - NATO - HomepageNews: NATO Deputy Secretary General visits Poland, 29-Sep.-2025  NATO - Homepage

Poland to build Europe’s first Central Animal Sanctuary near Warsaw - TVP WorldPoland to build Europe’s first Central Animal Sanctuary near Warsaw  TVP World

Poland accuses Ukrainian of spying on critical infrastructure - TVP WorldPoland accuses Ukrainian of spying on critical infrastructure  TVP World

What is Poland hiding besides the Ukrainian Nord Steam suspect? - Responsible StatecraftWhat is Poland hiding besides the Ukrainian Nord Steam suspect?  Responsible Statecraft

Poland and Pakistan eye closer economic and political ties [VIDEO] - TVP WorldPoland and Pakistan eye closer economic and political ties [VIDEO]  TVP World

A vestige of Nazi Germany, underground tunnels in Poland transformed into a museum - New York PostA vestige of Nazi Germany, underground tunnels in Poland transformed into a museum  New York Post

Analysis: How Poland and Lithuania have become a defense ‘commonwealth’ on the eastern flank - TVP WorldAnalysis: How Poland and Lithuania have become a defense ‘commonwealth’ on the eastern flank  TVP World

Two men hospitalised in Poland after drunkenly exploding WWII artillery shell in apartment - Notes From PolandTwo men hospitalised in Poland after drunkenly exploding WWII artillery shell in apartment  Notes From Poland

American Eric Lu wins International Chopin Piano Competition in Poland - Notes From PolandAmerican Eric Lu wins International Chopin Piano Competition in Poland  Notes From Poland

Ukrainian citizens arrested in Poland and Romania over an alleged Russian plot - AP NewsUkrainian citizens arrested in Poland and Romania over an alleged Russian plot  AP News

Poland – ‘Inspired by the Word’. A Youth Congress in Krakow to bring young people closer to Holy Scripture - ANS - Agenzia iNfo SalesianaPoland – ‘Inspired by the Word’. A Youth Congress in Krakow to bring young people closer to Holy Scripture  ANS - Agenzia iNfo Salesiana

NATO Downs Russian Drones over Poland - Arms Control AssociationNATO Downs Russian Drones over Poland  Arms Control Association

Travel Turmoil Strikes Europe as Air France, SATA Air Açores, Vueling, Rossiya, SAS Link and More Airlines Cancel 39 New Flights and Delay 2,413 Across Netherlands, Spain, Germany, Russia, Poland at Amsterdam, Ibiza, Frankfurt, Moscow, Warsaw - Travel And Tour WorldTravel Turmoil Strikes Europe as Air France, SATA Air Açores, Vueling, Rossiya, SAS Link and More Airlines Cancel 39 New Flights and Delay 2,413 Across Netherlands, Spain, Germany, Russia, Poland at Amsterdam, Ibiza, Frankfurt, Moscow, Warsaw  Travel And Tour World

Reversing Democratic Backsliding: Experiences from Poland - International IDEAReversing Democratic Backsliding: Experiences from Poland  International IDEA

Poland Scraps Income Tax for Families With Two or More Children - NewsweekPoland Scraps Income Tax for Families With Two or More Children  Newsweek

Poland says 55 suspects arrested in past few months over Russian-linked espionage - Anadolu AjansiPoland says 55 suspects arrested in past few months over Russian-linked espionage  Anadolu Ajansi

Poland says it has detained 55 suspects linked to Russian espionage in recent months - TRT WorldPoland says it has detained 55 suspects linked to Russian espionage in recent months  TRT World

Poland Sentences Ukrainians Amidst Russian Sabotage Allegations - DevdiscoursePoland Sentences Ukrainians Amidst Russian Sabotage Allegations  Devdiscourse

IKEA launches second-hand marketplace in Poland to boost circular economy - InteriorDailyIKEA launches second-hand marketplace in Poland to boost circular economy  InteriorDaily

Poland scrambles jets after Russian airstrike - TVP WorldPoland scrambles jets after Russian airstrike  TVP World

Blade manufacturing giant plans Poland factory as Vestas hits pause - Recharge NewsBlade manufacturing giant plans Poland factory as Vestas hits pause  Recharge News

Poland briefly closes airspace as NATO increases presence in the Baltic Sea - Al JazeeraPoland briefly closes airspace as NATO increases presence in the Baltic Sea  Al Jazeera

No plan to amend Poland's 2025 budget, finance minister says - TradingViewNo plan to amend Poland's 2025 budget, finance minister says  TradingView

In Poland, migrant workers from Latin America report abuse, exploitation - Al JazeeraIn Poland, migrant workers from Latin America report abuse, exploitation  Al Jazeera

Poland Unveils Scenic New Expressway Through the Beskid Mountains, Boosting Tourism and Trade Connectivity to Southern Europe - Travel And Tour WorldPoland Unveils Scenic New Expressway Through the Beskid Mountains, Boosting Tourism and Trade Connectivity to Southern Europe  Travel And Tour World

Poland arrests Ukrainian man over suspicion of spying on military infrastructure - TRT WorldPoland arrests Ukrainian man over suspicion of spying on military infrastructure  TRT World

Last surviving Warsaw Ghetto Uprising fighter dies - Notes From PolandLast surviving Warsaw Ghetto Uprising fighter dies  Notes From Poland

Poland sentences three Ukrainians for arson amid Russian sabotage crackdown - ReutersPoland sentences three Ukrainians for arson amid Russian sabotage crackdown  Reuters

2024 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices: Poland - U.S. Department of State (.gov)2024 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices: Poland  U.S. Department of State (.gov)

Poland Detains 55 Suspected of Working for Russian Intelligence - AL24 NewsPoland Detains 55 Suspected of Working for Russian Intelligence  AL24 News

Ukrainian diver with alleged links to Nord Stream attack detained in Poland - Al JazeeraUkrainian diver with alleged links to Nord Stream attack detained in Poland  Al Jazeera

Romania, Poland detain Ukrainian citizens over alleged Russian-backed sabotage plot - The Kyiv IndependentRomania, Poland detain Ukrainian citizens over alleged Russian-backed sabotage plot  The Kyiv Independent

Poland’s deputy interior minister calls on Naqvi - Daily TimesPoland’s deputy interior minister calls on Naqvi  Daily Times

Poland: From communist rule to Eastern Europe’s ‘tiger’ - EL PAÍS EnglishPoland: From communist rule to Eastern Europe’s ‘tiger’  EL PAÍS English

Daring or irresponsible? Couple climbs Polands highest peak with 9-month-old baby, get stuck! - Tribune IndiaDaring or irresponsible? Couple climbs Polands highest peak with 9-month-old baby, get stuck!  Tribune India

Poland’s booming space industry is helping it emerge as a European player - Notes From PolandPoland’s booming space industry is helping it emerge as a European player  Notes From Poland

Bialowieza Forest at threat from military tensions along the Poland-Belarus border - France 24Bialowieza Forest at threat from military tensions along the Poland-Belarus border  France 24

'A lot of time to make up’: Poland’s civil defense infrastructure faces up to new realities - TVP World'A lot of time to make up’: Poland’s civil defense infrastructure faces up to new realities  TVP World

Adventurous Or Simply Reckless? Couple Climbs Polands Highest Peak With 9-Month-Old Baby, Guide Comes To Childs Rescue - Zee NewsAdventurous Or Simply Reckless? Couple Climbs Polands Highest Peak With 9-Month-Old Baby, Guide Comes To Childs Rescue  Zee News

Housing Reforms in Czechia and Poland - OECDHousing Reforms in Czechia and Poland  OECD