Poland

Country Poland
Capital Warsaw
Continent Europe
Currency Złoty(PLN)
Languages Polish & Kashubian

Information

Introduction

Poland is an ancient nation that was conceived near the middle of the 10th century. Its golden age occurred in the 16th century. During the following century, the strengthening of the gentry and internal disorders weakened the nation. In a series of agreements between 1772 and 1795, Russia, Prussia, and Austria partitioned Poland amongst themselves. Poland regained its independence in 1918 only to be overrun by Germany and the Soviet Union in World War II. It became a Soviet satellite state following the war, but its government was comparatively tolerant and progressive. Labor turmoil in 1980 led to the formation of the independent trade union "Solidarity" that over time became a political force and by 1990 had swept parliamentary elections and the presidency. A "shock therapy" program during the early 1990s enabled the country to transform its economy into one of the most robust in Central Europe, but Poland still faces the lingering challenges of high unemployment, underdeveloped and dilapidated infrastructure, and a poor rural underclass. Solidarity suffered a major defeat in the 2001 parliamentary elections when it failed to elect a single deputy to the lower house of Parliament, and the new leaders of the Solidarity Trade Union subsequently pledged to reduce the Trade Union's political role. Poland joined NATO in 1999 and the European Union in 2004. With its transformation to a democratic, market-oriented country largely completed, Poland is an increasingly active member of Euro-Atlantic organizations.

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References

Poland - Wikipedia
Poland - CIA World Fact Book
Poland - BBC
Poland - National Geographic
Poland - Timeline - BBC

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Poland probes whether own missile hit house during drone intrusion - Times of India
  1. Poland probes whether own missile hit house during drone intrusion  Times of India
  2. Trump's public shrug over drone incursion in Poland fuels unease in Europe | Hindustan Times  Hindustan Times
  3. Poland detains Belarusian and Ukranian citizens over drone incident in Warsaw  Euronews.com


Poland’s Economy Defies Putin’s Threats and Keeps Growing - Bloomberg.comPoland’s Economy Defies Putin’s Threats and Keeps Growing  Bloomberg.com

Why closure of Poland-Belarus border is hurting China - FirstpostWhy closure of Poland-Belarus border is hurting China  Firstpost

Poland edge Netherlands for first in pool at Men’s Volleyball World Championship - Volleyball WorldPoland edge Netherlands for first in pool at Men’s Volleyball World Championship  Volleyball World

UniCredit CEO adds Poland to his top markets for M&A - ReutersUniCredit CEO adds Poland to his top markets for M&A  Reuters

Critical infrastructure in Poland under mass attacks - TVP WorldCritical infrastructure in Poland under mass attacks  TVP World

Poland Begins Its Largest Military Drill | Poland & NATO Prepare to Tackle Russian Threat - WIONPoland Begins Its Largest Military Drill | Poland & NATO Prepare to Tackle Russian Threat  WION

“Commander” Putin Shocks Troops At “Zapad”? Poland Seeks NATO Nukes As Belarus Fires Russia’s… | 4K - News18“Commander” Putin Shocks Troops At “Zapad”? Poland Seeks NATO Nukes As Belarus Fires Russia’s… | 4K  News18

Poland urges EU to end Russian oil imports by 2026, citing geopolitical risks - ThePrintPoland urges EU to end Russian oil imports by 2026, citing geopolitical risks  ThePrint

Warsaw Senior Olympics held in Poland - XinhuaWarsaw Senior Olympics held in Poland  Xinhua

Poland does not rule out buying ArcelorMittal assets if the company exits the market - GMK CenterPoland does not rule out buying ArcelorMittal assets if the company exits the market  GMK Center

Poland border closure sets up speed bumps on China-Europe railway: analysts - South China Morning PostPoland border closure sets up speed bumps on China-Europe railway: analysts  South China Morning Post

Poland's dominant win over Qatar locks in Pool B standings at Men's Volleyball World Championship - Volleyball WorldPoland's dominant win over Qatar locks in Pool B standings at Men's Volleyball World Championship  Volleyball World

Poland urges EU to end Russian oil imports by 2026, citing geopolitical risks - ReutersPoland urges EU to end Russian oil imports by 2026, citing geopolitical risks  Reuters

Belarus and Poland Share Military Information Despite Worsening Political Relations - The Jamestown FoundationBelarus and Poland Share Military Information Despite Worsening Political Relations  The Jamestown Foundation

Ukraine calls for "urgent action" from Poland after vandalism of church - Notes From PolandUkraine calls for "urgent action" from Poland after vandalism of church  Notes From Poland

China, Poland to expand exchanges as Wang Yi meets Polish counterpart - Global TimesChina, Poland to expand exchanges as Wang Yi meets Polish counterpart  Global Times

Poland’s border closure risks choking EU-China trade - politico.euPoland’s border closure risks choking EU-China trade  politico.eu

The War Room newsletter: Why Russia really sent drones into Poland - The EconomistThe War Room newsletter: Why Russia really sent drones into Poland  The Economist

Romania says Russian drone incursions pose ‘new challenge’ to Black Sea security - The GuardianRomania says Russian drone incursions pose ‘new challenge’ to Black Sea security  The Guardian

Poland seeks to extend border checks with Germany and Lithuania by six months - TVP WorldPoland seeks to extend border checks with Germany and Lithuania by six months  TVP World

Poland stocks lower at close of trade; WIG30 down 0.23% - Investing.comPoland stocks lower at close of trade; WIG30 down 0.23%  Investing.com

Polish missile likely hit house during Russian drone incursion, says minister - ReutersPolish missile likely hit house during Russian drone incursion, says minister  Reuters

Russian drone incursion into Poland ‘was Kremlin test on Nato’ - The GuardianRussian drone incursion into Poland ‘was Kremlin test on Nato’  The Guardian

World Ranking leaders Poland overcome a slow start and sweep Romania in Men's Volleyball World Championship debut - Volleyball WorldWorld Ranking leaders Poland overcome a slow start and sweep Romania in Men's Volleyball World Championship debut  Volleyball World

Poland Deputy PM Seeks 'Toughest' Pressure on Russia After Drone Incursion - NewsweekPoland Deputy PM Seeks 'Toughest' Pressure on Russia After Drone Incursion  Newsweek

Poland to Commission Six Satellites as Added IRIS2 Contribution - European SpaceflightPoland to Commission Six Satellites as Added IRIS2 Contribution  European Spaceflight

Poland embarrassed for ‘misleading UN’ on damage from drone incursion - Brussels SignalPoland embarrassed for ‘misleading UN’ on damage from drone incursion  Brussels Signal

Myths and denial: How the Soviet Union justified its 1939 invasion of Poland - TVP WorldMyths and denial: How the Soviet Union justified its 1939 invasion of Poland  TVP World

Poland will decide on submarine procurement this week, PM says - ReutersPoland will decide on submarine procurement this week, PM says  Reuters

Tusk says national unity key to protecting Poland’s independence [VIDEO] - TVP WorldTusk says national unity key to protecting Poland’s independence [VIDEO]  TVP World

Ukraine war briefing: Poland’s allies decry ‘flagrant violation’; Warsaw sends troops to border to monitor Belarus drills - The GuardianUkraine war briefing: Poland’s allies decry ‘flagrant violation’; Warsaw sends troops to border to monitor Belarus drills  The Guardian

Rani Mukerji spotted at Mumbai airport; is she flying to Poland for Shah Rukh Khan’s 'King'? - Times of IndiaRani Mukerji spotted at Mumbai airport; is she flying to Poland for Shah Rukh Khan’s 'King'?  Times of India

Google rejects Poland’s complaints over Israel’s “manipulated” YouTube videos about Gaza - Notes From PolandGoogle rejects Poland’s complaints over Israel’s “manipulated” YouTube videos about Gaza  Notes From Poland

Shah Rukh Khan, daughter Suhana Khan return from Poland ahead of Aryan Khan’s Ba***ds of Bollywood... - MoneycontrolShah Rukh Khan, daughter Suhana Khan return from Poland ahead of Aryan Khan’s Ba***ds of Bollywood...  Moneycontrol

Poland shares lower at close of trade; WIG30 down 0.23% - Investing.com IndiaPoland shares lower at close of trade; WIG30 down 0.23%  Investing.com India

UniCredit CEO adds Poland to his top markets for M&A - TradingViewUniCredit CEO adds Poland to his top markets for M&A  TradingView

Poland Investigating Whether Its F-16’s AIM-120 Missile Destroyed A Home - The War ZonePoland Investigating Whether Its F-16’s AIM-120 Missile Destroyed A Home  The War Zone

Analysis: Poland pressures China, but Beijing still backs Moscow’s war - TVP WorldAnalysis: Poland pressures China, but Beijing still backs Moscow’s war  TVP World

Poland Launches IRYDA PLUS: Innovating for the New Economy of Air Combat - DronelifePoland Launches IRYDA PLUS: Innovating for the New Economy of Air Combat  Dronelife

Polish missile or Russian drone? Poland probes what hit house during airspace intrusion - trtworld.comPolish missile or Russian drone? Poland probes what hit house during airspace intrusion  trtworld.com

Poland’s exports prove resilient amid global trade tensions [VIDEO] - TVP WorldPoland’s exports prove resilient amid global trade tensions [VIDEO]  TVP World

Putin probing Poland’s airspace and sovereignty - The Korea TimesPutin probing Poland’s airspace and sovereignty  The Korea Times

Eleven Sports to cover WTA Tour in Poland through 2027-31 cycle - SportcalEleven Sports to cover WTA Tour in Poland through 2027-31 cycle  Sportcal

New Nato mission to bolster eastern flank after Russia drone incursion - BBCNew Nato mission to bolster eastern flank after Russia drone incursion  BBC

Volleyball World Championship: Poland defeat the Netherlands - TVP WorldVolleyball World Championship: Poland defeat the Netherlands  TVP World

UK fighters to fly air defence missions over Poland – as it happened - The GuardianUK fighters to fly air defence missions over Poland – as it happened  The Guardian

Mercedes to shift e-Sprinter production from Berlin to Poland - TVP WorldMercedes to shift e-Sprinter production from Berlin to Poland  TVP World

NATO vs Russia: Why Poland's F-16 failed to shoot down a Russian drone? US's missiles are now... - India.ComNATO vs Russia: Why Poland's F-16 failed to shoot down a Russian drone? US's missiles are now...  India.Com

Ukraine moves key transport plane to Poland amid Russian strikes - TVP WorldUkraine moves key transport plane to Poland amid Russian strikes  TVP World

Poland faces record wave of Russian cyber sabotage, sets €1 billion defense budget - Industrial CyberPoland faces record wave of Russian cyber sabotage, sets €1 billion defense budget  Industrial Cyber

Poland deports Ukrainian for flying drone over central Warsaw, imposes 5-year entry ban, media reports - The Kyiv IndependentPoland deports Ukrainian for flying drone over central Warsaw, imposes 5-year entry ban, media reports  The Kyiv Independent

Poland ‘can’t save people’ in event of ‘massive’ Russian air attack, Zelenskyy says [VIDEO] - TVP WorldPoland ‘can’t save people’ in event of ‘massive’ Russian air attack, Zelenskyy says [VIDEO]  TVP World

From UK to Poland, Europe Is Becoming the Ungovernable Continent - Bloomberg.comFrom UK to Poland, Europe Is Becoming the Ungovernable Continent  Bloomberg.com

Why Poland is at the Center of Today’s Clinical Research For Medical Devices - The European Business ReviewWhy Poland is at the Center of Today’s Clinical Research For Medical Devices  The European Business Review

‘Ready To Host Nukes’: Poland Demands Foreign Nuclear Weapons Amid Rising Russia-NATO Tensions - Times of India‘Ready To Host Nukes’: Poland Demands Foreign Nuclear Weapons Amid Rising Russia-NATO Tensions  Times of India

UK RAF Typhoon fighter jets to defend Polish airspace after Russian drone incursion - BBCUK RAF Typhoon fighter jets to defend Polish airspace after Russian drone incursion  BBC

Poland signals interest in nuclear sharing after Russian drone incursions - EU TodayPoland signals interest in nuclear sharing after Russian drone incursions  EU Today

Car crash exposes attempt to smuggle one million cigarettes into Poland - TVP WorldCar crash exposes attempt to smuggle one million cigarettes into Poland  TVP World

Germany rebuffs Polish president’s demand for war reparations on Berlin visit - Notes From PolandGermany rebuffs Polish president’s demand for war reparations on Berlin visit  Notes From Poland

Poland 'neutralizes' drone flying over government buildings, 2 detained - The Kyiv IndependentPoland 'neutralizes' drone flying over government buildings, 2 detained  The Kyiv Independent

Poland and NATO deploy 30,000 soldiers in military drills - TVP WorldPoland and NATO deploy 30,000 soldiers in military drills  TVP World

Ukrainian man to be deported from Poland after flying drone over presidential palace - Anadolu AjansiUkrainian man to be deported from Poland after flying drone over presidential palace  Anadolu Ajansi

Poland urges EU to end Russian oil imports by 2026, citing geopolitical risks - Global Banking | Finance | ReviewPoland urges EU to end Russian oil imports by 2026, citing geopolitical risks  Global Banking | Finance | Review

Poland neutralizes drone over government sites, detains two Belarusians - ReutersPoland neutralizes drone over government sites, detains two Belarusians  Reuters

Polish opposition proposes moving Russian embassy for "security and symbolism" - Notes From PolandPolish opposition proposes moving Russian embassy for "security and symbolism"  Notes From Poland

Austria’s National Security Council Meets Over Russian Drone Incidents in Poland - ?????Austria’s National Security Council Meets Over Russian Drone Incidents in Poland  ?????

Residents of Eastern Poland Fear Russia’s War in Ukraine Is Coming to Them - The Wall Street JournalResidents of Eastern Poland Fear Russia’s War in Ukraine Is Coming to Them  The Wall Street Journal

ZAPAD Drills Push NATO On Edge, Polish President Says Open To Foreign Nukes In Poland - WIONZAPAD Drills Push NATO On Edge, Polish President Says Open To Foreign Nukes In Poland  WION

Germany says Russia ‘testing boundaries' through drone incursions into Poland, Romania - Anadolu AjansiGermany says Russia ‘testing boundaries' through drone incursions into Poland, Romania  Anadolu Ajansi

UN Security Council to meet Friday on drone incursions in Poland - ReutersUN Security Council to meet Friday on drone incursions in Poland  Reuters

Lithuania charges 15 over alleged Russian-backed parcel bombs - BBCLithuania charges 15 over alleged Russian-backed parcel bombs  BBC

Trump's public shrug over drone incursion in Poland fuels unease in Europe - ReutersTrump's public shrug over drone incursion in Poland fuels unease in Europe  Reuters

Russia’s drone incursion into Poland skirted the line of NATO’s escalation policy - The Kyiv IndependentRussia’s drone incursion into Poland skirted the line of NATO’s escalation policy  The Kyiv Independent

Poland says UN Security Council will meet on drone incursions - ReutersPoland says UN Security Council will meet on drone incursions  Reuters

Mercedes plans to move jobs to Poland due to high labor costs in Germany - Anadolu AjansiMercedes plans to move jobs to Poland due to high labor costs in Germany  Anadolu Ajansi

Russian drones over Poland: NATO response as it happened through the night - politico.euRussian drones over Poland: NATO response as it happened through the night  politico.eu

Nato to step up air defences immediately but Rutte refuses to say whether Russian drone incursion was intentional – as it happened - The GuardianNato to step up air defences immediately but Rutte refuses to say whether Russian drone incursion was intentional – as it happened  The Guardian

Poland’s president set to demand war reparations in tense Berlin visit - politico.euPoland’s president set to demand war reparations in tense Berlin visit  politico.eu

Polish president visits Germany amid tensions over WWII reparations - Euronews.comPolish president visits Germany amid tensions over WWII reparations  Euronews.com

NATO to beef up defence of Europe's eastern flank after Poland shot down drones - ReutersNATO to beef up defence of Europe's eastern flank after Poland shot down drones  Reuters

Poland issues fewest residence permits to immigrants in ten years - Notes From PolandPoland issues fewest residence permits to immigrants in ten years  Notes From Poland

Putin's speech to Russian troops near NATO borders amid Poland drone tension, war threat | Hindustan Times - Hindustan TimesPutin's speech to Russian troops near NATO borders amid Poland drone tension, war threat | Hindustan Times  Hindustan Times

Russia responsible for home damaged during drone incursion, Tusk says - TVP WorldRussia responsible for home damaged during drone incursion, Tusk says  TVP World

Why France’s Dassault Rafale Fighters Are Deploying to Poland - The National InterestWhy France’s Dassault Rafale Fighters Are Deploying to Poland  The National Interest

Poland to trigger NATO Article 4 in response to Russian drone violations - Notes From PolandPoland to trigger NATO Article 4 in response to Russian drone violations  Notes From Poland

NATO should impose no-fly zone over Ukraine to protect against Russian drones, Poland says - CNNNATO should impose no-fly zone over Ukraine to protect against Russian drones, Poland says  CNN

U.S. says it will defend 'every inch' of NATO territory after Poland shoots down Russian drones - NBC NewsU.S. says it will defend 'every inch' of NATO territory after Poland shoots down Russian drones  NBC News

Greece Unites With Australia, Poland, Egypt, Romania, Canada, Sweden, Germany, Japan, South Korea, Slovakia, Slovenia, Israel, And The UAE To Showcase Cultural Heritage As Core Of Tourism Growth - Travel And Tour WorldGreece Unites With Australia, Poland, Egypt, Romania, Canada, Sweden, Germany, Japan, South Korea, Slovakia, Slovenia, Israel, And The UAE To Showcase Cultural Heritage As Core Of Tourism Growth  Travel And Tour World

Ecobike eyes international growth from its dual base in Poland - Bike EuropeEcobike eyes international growth from its dual base in Poland  Bike Europe

Sweden buys Piorun air-defence systems from Poland in €274 million deal - Notes From PolandSweden buys Piorun air-defence systems from Poland in €274 million deal  Notes From Poland

Russians organized 2024 DHL and DPD parcel blasts, Lithuania says - TVP WorldRussians organized 2024 DHL and DPD parcel blasts, Lithuania says  TVP World

Nato forces shoot down Russian drones over Poland - Financial TimesNato forces shoot down Russian drones over Poland  Financial Times

Nato strengthens defences after Russian drones shot down over Poland - BBCNato strengthens defences after Russian drones shot down over Poland  BBC

Poland sends 40,000 troops to border amid Russia tension - TVP WorldPoland sends 40,000 troops to border amid Russia tension  TVP World

Investigation underway after missile hits house in eastern Poland - AnewZInvestigation underway after missile hits house in eastern Poland  AnewZ

What is a no-fly zone? Poland and Ukraine call for protection of European airspace - The IndependentWhat is a no-fly zone? Poland and Ukraine call for protection of European airspace  The Independent

Trump hosts Poland’s Nawrocki, offers more US troops to European ally - Al JazeeraTrump hosts Poland’s Nawrocki, offers more US troops to European ally  Al Jazeera

How can Poland, Ukraine, NATO defend against Russian drones? - DWHow can Poland, Ukraine, NATO defend against Russian drones?  DW

Record number of foreigners granted Polish citizenship in 2024 - Notes From PolandRecord number of foreigners granted Polish citizenship in 2024  Notes From Poland