Poland

Country Poland
Capital Warsaw
Continent Europe
Currency Złoty(PLN)
Languages Polish & Kashubian

Information

Introduction

Poland is an ancient nation that was conceived near the middle of the 10th century. Its golden age occurred in the 16th century. During the following century, the strengthening of the gentry and internal disorders weakened the nation. In a series of agreements between 1772 and 1795, Russia, Prussia, and Austria partitioned Poland amongst themselves. Poland regained its independence in 1918 only to be overrun by Germany and the Soviet Union in World War II. It became a Soviet satellite state following the war, but its government was comparatively tolerant and progressive. Labor turmoil in 1980 led to the formation of the independent trade union "Solidarity" that over time became a political force and by 1990 had swept parliamentary elections and the presidency. A "shock therapy" program during the early 1990s enabled the country to transform its economy into one of the most robust in Central Europe, but Poland still faces the lingering challenges of high unemployment, underdeveloped and dilapidated infrastructure, and a poor rural underclass. Solidarity suffered a major defeat in the 2001 parliamentary elections when it failed to elect a single deputy to the lower house of Parliament, and the new leaders of the Solidarity Trade Union subsequently pledged to reduce the Trade Union's political role. Poland joined NATO in 1999 and the European Union in 2004. With its transformation to a democratic, market-oriented country largely completed, Poland is an increasingly active member of Euro-Atlantic organizations.

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References

Poland - Wikipedia
Poland - CIA World Fact Book
Poland - BBC
Poland - National Geographic
Poland - Timeline - BBC

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Superbet Rapid & Blitz Poland - Live! - Chess News | ChessBaseSuperbet Rapid & Blitz Poland - Live!  Chess News | ChessBase

Poland awarded almost €1bn in EEA and Norway Grants - Notes From PolandPoland awarded almost €1bn in EEA and Norway Grants  Notes From Poland

Italy, Sweden, Belgium, Portugal, Spain, Poland, Bulgaria, and Canada Urge Travelers to Use Burners Instead of Smartphones When Visiting US for an Easy Trip - Travel And Tour WorldItaly, Sweden, Belgium, Portugal, Spain, Poland, Bulgaria, and Canada Urge Travelers to Use Burners Instead of Smartphones When Visiting US for an Easy Trip  Travel And Tour World

Swedish jets intercept Russian plane near Poland - Al Arabiya EnglishSwedish jets intercept Russian plane near Poland  Al Arabiya English

Poland flies first domestically built AW149 helicopter - JanesPoland flies first domestically built AW149 helicopter  Janes

Poland shares higher at close of trade; WIG30 up 0.54% By Investing.com - Investing.com IndiaPoland shares higher at close of trade; WIG30 up 0.54% By Investing.com  Investing.com India

Poland says a Russian helicopter violated its airspace over the Baltic Sea - Arab NewsPoland says a Russian helicopter violated its airspace over the Baltic Sea  Arab News

Putin's Spy Plane Intercepted by Swedish Jets Near Poland Amid Rising NATO Tensions - OneindiaPutin's Spy Plane Intercepted by Swedish Jets Near Poland Amid Rising NATO Tensions  Oneindia

‘You will never rule us again,’ Polish FM tells Russia - TVP World‘You will never rule us again,’ Polish FM tells Russia  TVP World

Your essential guide to Poland’s presidential election - Notes From PolandYour essential guide to Poland’s presidential election  Notes From Poland

Grand Chess Tour, Poland Rapid: Praggnanandhaa claims win in opening round - SportstarGrand Chess Tour, Poland Rapid: Praggnanandhaa claims win in opening round  Sportstar

Poland’s suspension of asylum rights “correct under EU law”, says European Commissioner - Notes From PolandPoland’s suspension of asylum rights “correct under EU law”, says European Commissioner  Notes From Poland

Russian military helicopter violates Polish airspace to probe air defenses, Poland says. - The Kyiv IndependentRussian military helicopter violates Polish airspace to probe air defenses, Poland says.  The Kyiv Independent

The most popular business among Ukrainians in Poland: what do they open most often? - Visit UkraineThe most popular business among Ukrainians in Poland: what do they open most often?  Visit Ukraine

Poland: Fulfil promises – Decriminalise defamation now - ARTICLE 19 - Defending freedom of expression and information.Poland: Fulfil promises – Decriminalise defamation now  ARTICLE 19 - Defending freedom of expression and information.

Poland likely to apply for EU leeway on defence spending, but worried others won't - ReutersPoland likely to apply for EU leeway on defence spending, but worried others won't  Reuters

Poland May Seek EU Leeway On Defence Spending, Others Hesitant - StratNews GlobalPoland May Seek EU Leeway On Defence Spending, Others Hesitant  StratNews Global

Poland condemns Russia's war in Ukraine: 'Don't you have enough land?' - Euronews.comPoland condemns Russia's war in Ukraine: 'Don't you have enough land?'  Euronews.com

Swedish Gripen aircraft conduct first operational mission from Poland under NATO command - Defence Industry EuropeSwedish Gripen aircraft conduct first operational mission from Poland under NATO command  Defence Industry Europe

ArcelorMittal Poland requires guarantees of cheap electricity to switch to the EAF - GMK CenterArcelorMittal Poland requires guarantees of cheap electricity to switch to the EAF  GMK Center

IQM to Deploy Poland’s First Superconducting Quantum Computer - Business WireIQM to Deploy Poland’s First Superconducting Quantum Computer  Business Wire

IQM to Deploy Poland’s First Superconducting Quantum Computer - The Quantum InsiderIQM to Deploy Poland’s First Superconducting Quantum Computer  The Quantum Insider

IQM to install Poland’s first superconducting quantum computer at Wroclaw University - Capacity MediaIQM to install Poland’s first superconducting quantum computer at Wroclaw University  Capacity Media

Tusk declares new "national doctrine" to ensure Poland has "strongest army and economy in region" - Notes From PolandTusk declares new "national doctrine" to ensure Poland has "strongest army and economy in region"  Notes From Poland

The 2025 Grand Chess Tour kicks off in Poland, with Pragg, Firouzja and Topalov in the lineup - Chess News | ChessBaseThe 2025 Grand Chess Tour kicks off in Poland, with Pragg, Firouzja and Topalov in the lineup  Chess News | ChessBase

Poland-Belarus border crossings to remain closed, Polish official says - The Kyiv IndependentPoland-Belarus border crossings to remain closed, Polish official says  The Kyiv Independent

Poland to move ahead with major deregulation package after presidential vote, says Tusk - Notes From PolandPoland to move ahead with major deregulation package after presidential vote, says Tusk  Notes From Poland

Warsaw stock exchange benchmark index tops 100,000 points for first time - Notes From PolandWarsaw stock exchange benchmark index tops 100,000 points for first time  Notes From Poland

Poland Woman Wins Toastmasters Humorous Speech Contest - Business Journal DailyPoland Woman Wins Toastmasters Humorous Speech Contest  Business Journal Daily

Play Teams Up with iliad's Scaleway to Bring Sovereign Cloud, AI to Poland - The Fast ModePlay Teams Up with iliad's Scaleway to Bring Sovereign Cloud, AI to Poland  The Fast Mode

Poland’s Defense Industry Can’t Make Enough Weapons - BloombergPoland’s Defense Industry Can’t Make Enough Weapons  Bloomberg

Poland installs its first superconducting quantum computer - Tech.euPoland installs its first superconducting quantum computer  Tech.eu

Poland Doubled Its Defense Budget. Much of the Cash Went Abroad - BloombergPoland Doubled Its Defense Budget. Much of the Cash Went Abroad  Bloomberg

Poland FM outlines 2025 foreign policy priorities - Sakshi PostPoland FM outlines 2025 foreign policy priorities  Sakshi Post

IQM to install Poland’s first superconducting quantum computer - The Next WebIQM to install Poland’s first superconducting quantum computer  The Next Web

Can Poland’s cyber umbrella stop digital election meddling? - MonocleCan Poland’s cyber umbrella stop digital election meddling?  Monocle

Bechtel Names Ed Gore Project Director for Poland Nuclear Power Project - BechtelBechtel Names Ed Gore Project Director for Poland Nuclear Power Project  Bechtel

Vladimir Putin and Donald Trump cast shadow over Poland’s election - Financial TimesVladimir Putin and Donald Trump cast shadow over Poland’s election  Financial Times

Poland acknowledges PM Modi's efforts in pursuing Russia against using nuclear weapon - - NEWS ON AIRPoland acknowledges PM Modi's efforts in pursuing Russia against using nuclear weapon -  NEWS ON AIR

Poland and Ukraine jointly condemn vandalism of Ukrainian war memorial in Poland - Notes From PolandPoland and Ukraine jointly condemn vandalism of Ukrainian war memorial in Poland  Notes From Poland

Poland’s ‘Elon Musk’ takes aim at red tape, not politics - Financial TimesPoland’s ‘Elon Musk’ takes aim at red tape, not politics  Financial Times

Poland’s avian flu outbreak sparks debate and worries - EuractivPoland’s avian flu outbreak sparks debate and worries  Euractiv

Poland seeks to boost defense industry cooperation with Türkiye - Türkiye TodayPoland seeks to boost defense industry cooperation with Türkiye  Türkiye Today

Russian spy chief threatens Poland and Baltic States - Al JazeeraRussian spy chief threatens Poland and Baltic States  Al Jazeera

Poland’s weird presidential debate - politico.euPoland’s weird presidential debate  politico.eu

U.S. Energy Secretary to Travel to Warsaw, Poland - Department of Energy (.gov)U.S. Energy Secretary to Travel to Warsaw, Poland  Department of Energy (.gov)

Polish ministry to rename service whose acronym spells swearword - Notes From PolandPolish ministry to rename service whose acronym spells swearword  Notes From Poland

Poland travel - Lonely PlanetPoland travel  Lonely Planet

Poland's Orlen sells third US LNG cargo to Ukraine - Upstream OnlinePoland's Orlen sells third US LNG cargo to Ukraine  Upstream Online

Germany has returned over 11,000 migrants to Poland in past 14 months - Notes From PolandGermany has returned over 11,000 migrants to Poland in past 14 months  Notes From Poland

Poland’s Coal-Dependent Power Groups See Banks Easing Lending After Period of Stalled Credit - BloombergPoland’s Coal-Dependent Power Groups See Banks Easing Lending After Period of Stalled Credit  Bloomberg

Greenvolt closes sale of 39 MW hybrid project in Poland to Energa - Renewables NowGreenvolt closes sale of 39 MW hybrid project in Poland to Energa  Renewables Now

Enea buys 83-MW wind project in Poland from Greenvolt - Renewables NowEnea buys 83-MW wind project in Poland from Greenvolt  Renewables Now

Ax-4 to Advance Poland's Ambitious Space Research Initiatives - Axiom SpaceAx-4 to Advance Poland's Ambitious Space Research Initiatives  Axiom Space

Sharing the burden: How Poland and Germany are shifting the dial on European defence expenditure - NATO - HomepageSharing the burden: How Poland and Germany are shifting the dial on European defence expenditure  NATO - Homepage

Three quarters of Poles evaluate Pope Francis’s pontificate positively - Notes From PolandThree quarters of Poles evaluate Pope Francis’s pontificate positively  Notes From Poland

Poland’s demographic crisis: a growing security threat for Nato eastern flank - EUobserverPoland’s demographic crisis: a growing security threat for Nato eastern flank  EUobserver

Poland stocks higher at close of trade; WIG30 up 0.54% - Investing.comPoland stocks higher at close of trade; WIG30 up 0.54%  Investing.com

Poland is building a 180-foot Virgin Mary statue that will set a world record - Times of IndiaPoland is building a 180-foot Virgin Mary statue that will set a world record  Times of India

EU funding backs fire and flood protection projects in Denmark, Estonia, Poland, Slovenia and Iceland - International Fire & Safety JournalEU funding backs fire and flood protection projects in Denmark, Estonia, Poland, Slovenia and Iceland  International Fire & Safety Journal

Polish government seeks European approval for judicial reform - ReutersPolish government seeks European approval for judicial reform  Reuters

Poland confirms detention of Indian rationalist wanted on Interpol red notice - Notes From PolandPoland confirms detention of Indian rationalist wanted on Interpol red notice  Notes From Poland

Massive F-16V upgrade bolsters Poland’s Air Force against Russia - BulgarianMilitary.comMassive F-16V upgrade bolsters Poland’s Air Force against Russia  BulgarianMilitary.com

US to withdraw military from Ukraine aid hub in Poland - Notes From PolandUS to withdraw military from Ukraine aid hub in Poland  Notes From Poland

Auchan stores in Poland to source solar power under new deal - Renewables NowAuchan stores in Poland to source solar power under new deal  Renewables Now

Poland’s WIG index exceeds 100,000 points for first time - TVP WorldPoland’s WIG index exceeds 100,000 points for first time  TVP World

Opposition supporters join march celebrating 1,000th anniversary of kingdom of Poland - Notes From PolandOpposition supporters join march celebrating 1,000th anniversary of kingdom of Poland  Notes From Poland

Greenvolt completes sale of 83.2 MW wind farm in Poland - Windtech InternationalGreenvolt completes sale of 83.2 MW wind farm in Poland  Windtech International

Readout from Secretary of the Treasury Scott Bessent’s Meeting with Minister of Finance Andrzej Domanski of Poland - U.S. Embassy and Consulate in Poland (.gov)Readout from Secretary of the Treasury Scott Bessent’s Meeting with Minister of Finance Andrzej Domanski of Poland  U.S. Embassy and Consulate in Poland (.gov)

Paper packing sheets straight from Poland - HortidailyPaper packing sheets straight from Poland  Hortidaily

Poland should strengthen the public finances and continue improving healthcare, says OECD - OECDPoland should strengthen the public finances and continue improving healthcare, says OECD  OECD

Poland’s last 'LGBT-free zone' officially abolished - TVP WorldPoland’s last 'LGBT-free zone' officially abolished  TVP World

Poland’s top brass mark coronation millennial - TVP WorldPoland’s top brass mark coronation millennial  TVP World

New Rail Grinding Machine Vulcano LGT 10M Arrives in Poland - Railway SupplyNew Rail Grinding Machine Vulcano LGT 10M Arrives in Poland  Railway Supply

Concern in Poland about US decision to reposition troops - DWConcern in Poland about US decision to reposition troops  DW

Polish prime minister unveils new ‘national doctrine’ based on military dominance - Anadolu AjansiPolish prime minister unveils new ‘national doctrine’ based on military dominance  Anadolu Ajansi

Polish and Israeli presidents jointly lead Auschwitz march - Notes From PolandPolish and Israeli presidents jointly lead Auschwitz march  Notes From Poland

'Increasing brutality' reported as Poland-Belarus border crisis escalates - The Kyiv Independent'Increasing brutality' reported as Poland-Belarus border crisis escalates  The Kyiv Independent

South Korea’s Hanwha and Poland’s WB Group agree to guided missile joint venture in Poland - Breaking DefenseSouth Korea’s Hanwha and Poland’s WB Group agree to guided missile joint venture in Poland  Breaking Defense

Belarus Weekly: Poland reports attacks on border guards, one allegedly involving a Belarusian serviceman - The Kyiv IndependentBelarus Weekly: Poland reports attacks on border guards, one allegedly involving a Belarusian serviceman  The Kyiv Independent

Poland says a Russian helicopter violated its airspace over the Baltic Sea - The Jerusalem PostPoland says a Russian helicopter violated its airspace over the Baltic Sea  The Jerusalem Post

Have Your Say: Supporting Poland's future with the World Bank Group (2025-2030) - World BankHave Your Say: Supporting Poland's future with the World Bank Group (2025-2030)  World Bank

Stellantis stops making Leapmotor EV in Poland, eyes other options - ReutersStellantis stops making Leapmotor EV in Poland, eyes other options  Reuters

Spain, Italy, France, Poland, And Germany Highlight Greece’s Enduring Appeal As 4th Most Popular Summer Getaway - Travel And Tour WorldSpain, Italy, France, Poland, And Germany Highlight Greece’s Enduring Appeal As 4th Most Popular Summer Getaway  Travel And Tour World

€80M for Xayn's privacy-first AI, Poland's first superconducting quantum computer, and Berlin's gender pay gap - Tech.eu€80M for Xayn's privacy-first AI, Poland's first superconducting quantum computer, and Berlin's gender pay gap  Tech.eu

First quantum computer for Poland ... - eeNews EuropeFirst quantum computer for Poland ...  eeNews Europe

Boxed Burgundy: A custom BMW R12 nineT from Poland - Bike EXIFBoxed Burgundy: A custom BMW R12 nineT from Poland  Bike EXIF

Ukraine will have to give way on some issues, Polish president says - Euronews.comUkraine will have to give way on some issues, Polish president says  Euronews.com

EIB will provide €450 million for railway modernization in Poland - Railway SupplyEIB will provide €450 million for railway modernization in Poland  Railway Supply

Kumho considering Poland, Serbia, Portugal for European tire factory - European Rubber JournalKumho considering Poland, Serbia, Portugal for European tire factory  European Rubber Journal

Poland Tests Interesting 300-mm Carrier Rocket That Reached Altitude of 100 km, Can Then Become an Air Defense Weapon - Defense ExpressPoland Tests Interesting 300-mm Carrier Rocket That Reached Altitude of 100 km, Can Then Become an Air Defense Weapon  Defense Express

US pulls presence from key Ukraine arms aid hub in Poland - politico.euUS pulls presence from key Ukraine arms aid hub in Poland  politico.eu

‘A collective sigh of relief’: how Jesse Eisenberg’s A Real Pain went down in Poland - The Guardian‘A collective sigh of relief’: how Jesse Eisenberg’s A Real Pain went down in Poland  The Guardian

Poland Launches Preferential Loan Program for Ukrainian Reconstruction - Odessa JournalPoland Launches Preferential Loan Program for Ukrainian Reconstruction  Odessa Journal

Optimising Orange sells off Polish energy arm - TelcoTitans.comOptimising Orange sells off Polish energy arm  TelcoTitans.com

'First to suffer' — Russia singles out Poland, Baltics in threat to NATO - The Kyiv Independent'First to suffer' — Russia singles out Poland, Baltics in threat to NATO  The Kyiv Independent

Poland to sign air defence deal with US worth almost $2 billion - ReutersPoland to sign air defence deal with US worth almost $2 billion  Reuters

Defence24 Days: One of Europe’s Largest Security Conferences to Be Held in Poland - ??????????Defence24 Days: One of Europe’s Largest Security Conferences to Be Held in Poland  ??????????

Orange Poland revenues up 2% in Q1 - TelecompaperOrange Poland revenues up 2% in Q1  Telecompaper

Zelenskyy says Putin already has 'history textbooks' about Poland and other European countries - RBC-UkraineZelenskyy says Putin already has 'history textbooks' about Poland and other European countries  RBC-Ukraine