Venezuela

Country Venezuela
Capital Caracas
Continent South America
Currency Bolivar fuerte(VEF)
Languages Spanish

Information

Introduction

Venezuela was one of three countries that emerged from the collapse of Gran Colombia in 1830 (the others being Ecuador and New Granada, which became Colombia). For most of the first half of the 20th century, Venezuela was ruled by generally benevolent military strongmen, who promoted the oil industry and allowed for some social reforms. Democratically elected governments have held sway since 1959. Hugo CHAVEZ, president since 1999, seeks to implement his "21st Century Socialism," which purports to alleviate social ills while at the same time attacking capitalist globalization and existing democratic institutions. Current concerns include: a weakening of democratic institutions, political polarization, a politicized military, drug-related violence along the Colombian border, increasing internal drug consumption, overdependence on the petroleum industry with its price fluctuations, and irresponsible mining operations that are endangering the rain forest and indigenous peoples.

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References

Venezuela - Wikipedia
Venezuela - CIA World Fact Book
Venezuela - BBC
Venezuela - Timeline - BBC

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News Headlines

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Venezuela’s Journey Toward Real Democracy - VenezuelanalysisVenezuela’s Journey Toward Real Democracy  Venezuelanalysis

The country that has it all — Except stability: Inside Venezuela’s collapse - Latest news from AzerbaijanThe country that has it all — Except stability: Inside Venezuela’s collapse  Latest news from Azerbaijan

Salvadoran President Bukele proposes prisoner swap with Maduro for Venezuelan deportees - AP NewsSalvadoran President Bukele proposes prisoner swap with Maduro for Venezuelan deportees  AP News

Shell to complete survey at Venezuela gas field as license wind-down approaches - ReutersShell to complete survey at Venezuela gas field as license wind-down approaches  Reuters

Trump tariffs on nations that import Venezuelan oil are an unprecedented move that increases trade uncertainty, analysts say - CNBCTrump tariffs on nations that import Venezuelan oil are an unprecedented move that increases trade uncertainty, analysts say  CNBC

As legal fight raged, ICE buses filled with Venezuelans heading toward airport turned around, video shows - NBC NewsAs legal fight raged, ICE buses filled with Venezuelans heading toward airport turned around, video shows  NBC News

Why Trump is sending Venezuelans to El Salvador : Code Switch - NPRWhy Trump is sending Venezuelans to El Salvador : Code Switch  NPR

How Venezuela's most popular band overcame the odds and became the soundtrack of a generation in exile - Los Angeles TimesHow Venezuela's most popular band overcame the odds and became the soundtrack of a generation in exile  Los Angeles Times

Judge blocks Trump effort to curtail deportation protections for 600,000 Venezuelans - PoliticoJudge blocks Trump effort to curtail deportation protections for 600,000 Venezuelans  Politico

Venezuelan migrant whose deportation was blocked by SCOTUS speaks out - ABC NewsVenezuelan migrant whose deportation was blocked by SCOTUS speaks out  ABC News

Venezuela launches Blend 22 crude exports ahead of US licenses expiry - ReutersVenezuela launches Blend 22 crude exports ahead of US licenses expiry  Reuters

Families of detainees in El Salvador and Venezuela decry Bukele’s prisoner swap offer - The GuardianFamilies of detainees in El Salvador and Venezuela decry Bukele’s prisoner swap offer  The Guardian

Venezuela says U.S. revoked transnational oil, gas company licenses - The HinduVenezuela says U.S. revoked transnational oil, gas company licenses  The Hindu

Trump to impose high tariffs on countries buying Venezuelan oil. Will it impact India? - Times of IndiaTrump to impose high tariffs on countries buying Venezuelan oil. Will it impact India?  Times of India

Venezuela: Support for the “people of the water” - The Lutheran World FederationVenezuela: Support for the “people of the water”  The Lutheran World Federation

Venezuela’s Maduro demands El Salvador’s Bukele release ‘kidnapped’ deportees after prisoner swap offer - CNNVenezuela’s Maduro demands El Salvador’s Bukele release ‘kidnapped’ deportees after prisoner swap offer  CNN

Venezuelans in ‘state of uncertainty’ over US temporary protected status - Al JazeeraVenezuelans in ‘state of uncertainty’ over US temporary protected status  Al Jazeera

Amazon illegal miners bypass enforcement by smuggling gold into Venezuela - MongabayAmazon illegal miners bypass enforcement by smuggling gold into Venezuela  Mongabay

Venezuela’s share in India’s oil imports was declining before US sanctions - MoneycontrolVenezuela’s share in India’s oil imports was declining before US sanctions  Moneycontrol

An Immigrant Held in U.S. Custody ‘Simply Disappeared’ - The New York TimesAn Immigrant Held in U.S. Custody ‘Simply Disappeared’  The New York Times

Tankers chartered by Chevron to move Venezuelan crude seek other business - ReutersTankers chartered by Chevron to move Venezuelan crude seek other business  Reuters

Venezuela accuses El Salvador of human trafficking as prisoners caught in row between authoritarians - The GuardianVenezuela accuses El Salvador of human trafficking as prisoners caught in row between authoritarians  The Guardian

El Salvador’s president proposes swapping US-deported Venezuelans with Maduro’s ‘political prisoners’ - The GuardianEl Salvador’s president proposes swapping US-deported Venezuelans with Maduro’s ‘political prisoners’  The Guardian

Judges extend Venezuela deportation blocks, question Trump's use of wartime law - ReutersJudges extend Venezuela deportation blocks, question Trump's use of wartime law  Reuters

Judge skeptical Trump's Venezuela deportation notices comply with Supreme Court ruling - ReutersJudge skeptical Trump's Venezuela deportation notices comply with Supreme Court ruling  Reuters

Venezuela accuses El Salvador president of 'human trafficking' - RFIVenezuela accuses El Salvador president of 'human trafficking'  RFI

Trump Sanctions Chief Pick Warns ‘Consequences’ on Venezuela Oil - BloombergTrump Sanctions Chief Pick Warns ‘Consequences’ on Venezuela Oil  Bloomberg

Venezuela oil import: Trump's new trade tariff twist may shake up India's cost game, China not spared - The Economic TimesVenezuela oil import: Trump's new trade tariff twist may shake up India's cost game, China not spared  The Economic Times

El Salvador’s Bukele suggests prisoner swap for Venezuelans deported by US - Al JazeeraEl Salvador’s Bukele suggests prisoner swap for Venezuelans deported by US  Al Jazeera

President of Venezuela meets Minister of State for Foreign Affairs - The Peninsula QatarPresident of Venezuela meets Minister of State for Foreign Affairs  The Peninsula Qatar

Venezuela's oil flows again, after a week of panic - ReutersVenezuela's oil flows again, after a week of panic  Reuters

Venezuelans subject to removal under wartime act have 12 hours to contest - NPRVenezuelans subject to removal under wartime act have 12 hours to contest  NPR

Vitol steps up Venezuela oil buying before U.S. license lapses - World OilVitol steps up Venezuela oil buying before U.S. license lapses  World Oil

From Hiding, Venezuela’s Opposition Leader Seeks to Rally Citizens as Maduro Flails - BloombergFrom Hiding, Venezuela’s Opposition Leader Seeks to Rally Citizens as Maduro Flails  Bloomberg

El Salvador offers Venezuela prisoner swap involving US deportees - BBCEl Salvador offers Venezuela prisoner swap involving US deportees  BBC

The US-Venezuela relations: A downward spiral - orfonline.orgThe US-Venezuela relations: A downward spiral  orfonline.org

El Salvador proposes swapping US-deported Venezuelans for Venezuelan 'political prisoners' - ReutersEl Salvador proposes swapping US-deported Venezuelans for Venezuelan 'political prisoners'  Reuters

Venezuela prosecutor accuses El Salvador of 'human trafficking' - Bangladesh Sangbad Sangstha (BSS)Venezuela prosecutor accuses El Salvador of 'human trafficking'  Bangladesh Sangbad Sangstha (BSS)

El Salvador’s president slams Venezuela’s Maduro for rejecting his prisoner swap proposal - AP NewsEl Salvador’s president slams Venezuela’s Maduro for rejecting his prisoner swap proposal  AP News

Chinese VP meets Venezuelan VP - Xinhua NewsChinese VP meets Venezuelan VP  Xinhua News

Exclusive: Trump administration moved Venezuelan to Texas for possible deportation despite judge's order - ReutersExclusive: Trump administration moved Venezuelan to Texas for possible deportation despite judge's order  Reuters

El Salvador's president proposes prisoner exchange with Venezuela - France 24El Salvador's president proposes prisoner exchange with Venezuela  France 24

Trump diktat to lengthen OVL's quest to repatriate Venezuela dividend - Business StandardTrump diktat to lengthen OVL's quest to repatriate Venezuela dividend  Business Standard

Exclusive: Venezuela's PDVSA suspends oil loading authorizations to Chevron, sources say - ReutersExclusive: Venezuela's PDVSA suspends oil loading authorizations to Chevron, sources say  Reuters

Venezuelan migrants were set for deportation without judicial review, lawyers tell US Supreme Court - ReutersVenezuelan migrants were set for deportation without judicial review, lawyers tell US Supreme Court  Reuters

US revokes French oil company's licence in Venezuela - RFIUS revokes French oil company's licence in Venezuela  RFI

Venezuelan migrants relied on clickwork to survive. Now AI is replacing them - Rest of WorldVenezuelan migrants relied on clickwork to survive. Now AI is replacing them  Rest of World

Venezuela launches investigation into fire of government-seized shrimp farm - SeafoodSourceVenezuela launches investigation into fire of government-seized shrimp farm  SeafoodSource

Venezuela cracks down on black market dollars as sanctions bite - Financial TimesVenezuela cracks down on black market dollars as sanctions bite  Financial Times

Venezuela national assembly greenlights economic emergency decree - ReutersVenezuela national assembly greenlights economic emergency decree  Reuters

The Impact of the New US Oil Tariffs on Venezuela - Columbia UniversityThe Impact of the New US Oil Tariffs on Venezuela  Columbia University

El Salvador’s Bukele offers to return 252 Venezuelans for political prisoners in bold diplomatic move - FirstpostEl Salvador’s Bukele offers to return 252 Venezuelans for political prisoners in bold diplomatic move  Firstpost

Argentina v Venezuela? Notes on Diplomatic Tensions and International Dispute Settlement - EJIL: Talk!Argentina v Venezuela? Notes on Diplomatic Tensions and International Dispute Settlement  EJIL: Talk!

Inflation, currency woes worsen Venezuela's complex crisis as Maduro declares 'economic emergency' - AP NewsInflation, currency woes worsen Venezuela's complex crisis as Maduro declares 'economic emergency'  AP News

Venezuela’s Maduro Blasts Bukele’s Proposal to Swap Prisoners - BloombergVenezuela’s Maduro Blasts Bukele’s Proposal to Swap Prisoners  Bloomberg

Venezuela Joins Russia, Myanmar, Ukraine, North Korea, Yemen, Belarus, Iran, And Sudan As Australia Issues New Do Not Travel Alert, What It Means for the Tourism Sector - Travel And Tour WorldVenezuela Joins Russia, Myanmar, Ukraine, North Korea, Yemen, Belarus, Iran, And Sudan As Australia Issues New Do Not Travel Alert, What It Means for the Tourism Sector  Travel And Tour World

Chevron's Venezuelan oil cargoes canceled, stalled amid payment uncertainty - ReutersChevron's Venezuelan oil cargoes canceled, stalled amid payment uncertainty  Reuters

US supreme court orders temporary halt to deportations of Venezuelan men - The GuardianUS supreme court orders temporary halt to deportations of Venezuelan men  The Guardian

El Salvador’s president slams Venezuela’s Maduro for rejecting his prisoner swap proposal - France 24El Salvador’s president slams Venezuela’s Maduro for rejecting his prisoner swap proposal  France 24

Trump revokes permits for oil companies in Venezuela to pressure Maduro - Financial TimesTrump revokes permits for oil companies in Venezuela to pressure Maduro  Financial Times

El Salvador proposes prisoner swap for Venezuelan deportees - DWEl Salvador proposes prisoner swap for Venezuelan deportees  DW

A year under siege: Meet the Venezuelan leaders trapped in an embassy - Al JazeeraA year under siege: Meet the Venezuelan leaders trapped in an embassy  Al Jazeera

World Report 2025: Rights Trends in Venezuela - Human Rights WatchWorld Report 2025: Rights Trends in Venezuela  Human Rights Watch

Bukele Proposes Deal That Would Free Deported Venezuelans - The New York TimesBukele Proposes Deal That Would Free Deported Venezuelans  The New York Times

A Spectacle, Not a Solution: Three Things You Should Know About Bukele’s “Offer” to Maduro - Washington Office on Latin America | WOLAA Spectacle, Not a Solution: Three Things You Should Know About Bukele’s “Offer” to Maduro  Washington Office on Latin America | WOLA

US Supreme Court temporarily blocks deportations of Venezuelan migrants under wartime law - ReutersUS Supreme Court temporarily blocks deportations of Venezuelan migrants under wartime law  Reuters

US Supreme Court puts pause on new deportations of Venezuelans held in Texas - Times of IndiaUS Supreme Court puts pause on new deportations of Venezuelans held in Texas  Times of India

El Salvador’s Bukele Proposes Prisoner Swap With Venezuela - BloombergEl Salvador’s Bukele Proposes Prisoner Swap With Venezuela  Bloomberg

Venezuela's oil exports fall 11.5% over US tariffs and sanctions, shipping data show - ReutersVenezuela's oil exports fall 11.5% over US tariffs and sanctions, shipping data show  Reuters

Repsol in talks with Washington seeking ways to keep working in Venezuela - ReutersRepsol in talks with Washington seeking ways to keep working in Venezuela  Reuters

Trump Should Dump the Venezuela Hawks - The American ConservativeTrump Should Dump the Venezuela Hawks  The American Conservative

US Supreme Court halts deportation of Venezuelans under wartime law - BBCUS Supreme Court halts deportation of Venezuelans under wartime law  BBC

What next for Venezuela as Trump goes after oil revenues? - France 24What next for Venezuela as Trump goes after oil revenues?  France 24

Maryland judge orders return of Venezuelan asylum seeker deported to El Salvador - CNNMaryland judge orders return of Venezuelan asylum seeker deported to El Salvador  CNN

US invokes RICO law in charging more alleged Venezuelan gang members - ReutersUS invokes RICO law in charging more alleged Venezuelan gang members  Reuters

France's M&P, Spain's Repsol say Venezuela oil licences revoked by US - ReutersFrance's M&P, Spain's Repsol say Venezuela oil licences revoked by US  Reuters

Sanctions on Venezuela Are Not Driving Migration to the US Southwest Border: An Empirical Assessment - Center for Global DevelopmentSanctions on Venezuela Are Not Driving Migration to the US Southwest Border: An Empirical Assessment  Center for Global Development

An ‘America first’ approach to Venezuela is taking shape - Atlantic CouncilAn ‘America first’ approach to Venezuela is taking shape  Atlantic Council

Venezuela’s Maduro demands El Salvador’s Bukele release ‘kidnapped’ deportees after prisoner swap offer - YahooVenezuela’s Maduro demands El Salvador’s Bukele release ‘kidnapped’ deportees after prisoner swap offer  Yahoo

‘Venezuela is not Tren de Aragua’: A snapshot of a community targeted by the Trump administration - EL PAÍS English‘Venezuela is not Tren de Aragua’: A snapshot of a community targeted by the Trump administration  EL PAÍS English

David Martínez: Rising Venezuela star finds his place with LAFC - MLSsoccer.comDavid Martínez: Rising Venezuela star finds his place with LAFC  MLSsoccer.com

Sudan Joins Russia, Venezuela, North Korea, Belarus, Myanmar, Ukraine, And Iran as Canada Issue New Do Not Travel Alert: What You Need to Know - Travel And Tour WorldSudan Joins Russia, Venezuela, North Korea, Belarus, Myanmar, Ukraine, And Iran as Canada Issue New Do Not Travel Alert: What You Need to Know  Travel And Tour World

Venezuela will have its first female saint after approval from Pope Francis - AP NewsVenezuela will have its first female saint after approval from Pope Francis  AP News

Why did Venezuela’s economy collapse? - Economics ObservatoryWhy did Venezuela’s economy collapse?  Economics Observatory

Video. Families of Venezuelans detained in El Salvador protest in Caracas - Euronews.comVideo. Families of Venezuelans detained in El Salvador protest in Caracas  Euronews.com

US Supreme Court Pauses Deportation Of Venezuelan Migrants Under Aliens Law - NDTVUS Supreme Court Pauses Deportation Of Venezuelan Migrants Under Aliens Law  NDTV

Trump’s immigration policy and ties to Bukele hit Venezuelan opposition and give Maduro a boost - EL PAÍS EnglishTrump’s immigration policy and ties to Bukele hit Venezuelan opposition and give Maduro a boost  EL PAÍS English

El Salvador offers to swap Venezuelan US deportees for political prisoners - Financial TimesEl Salvador offers to swap Venezuelan US deportees for political prisoners  Financial Times

Venezuela received first high-level criminal among US deportees - South China Morning PostVenezuela received first high-level criminal among US deportees  South China Morning Post

Supreme Court blocks, for now, new deportations under 18th-century wartime law - AP NewsSupreme Court blocks, for now, new deportations under 18th-century wartime law  AP News

Trump administration violated a 2019 settlement in deporting a Venezuelan man to El Salvador, judge rules - PBSTrump administration violated a 2019 settlement in deporting a Venezuelan man to El Salvador, judge rules  PBS

Venezuela reaches agreement with US to resume repatriation flights of migrants - ReutersVenezuela reaches agreement with US to resume repatriation flights of migrants  Reuters

India's Reliance gets US nod to import oil from Venezuela, source says - ReutersIndia's Reliance gets US nod to import oil from Venezuela, source says  Reuters

Venezuela closes Colombia border ahead of Maduro's swearing-in - Le Monde.frVenezuela closes Colombia border ahead of Maduro's swearing-in  Le Monde.fr

Lessons from Venezuela’s democratic collapse: how opposition movements can defy autocratic leaders - Keough School of Global AffairsLessons from Venezuela’s democratic collapse: how opposition movements can defy autocratic leaders  Keough School of Global Affairs

Bukele proposes US deportee swap between El Salvador and Venezuela - France 24Bukele proposes US deportee swap between El Salvador and Venezuela  France 24

US intelligence refutes Trump's justification for mass deportations of Venezuelans - Anadolu AjansiUS intelligence refutes Trump's justification for mass deportations of Venezuelans  Anadolu Ajansi

‘Much more persecution’: Venezuela braces for Nicolas Maduro’s inauguration - Al Jazeera‘Much more persecution’: Venezuela braces for Nicolas Maduro’s inauguration  Al Jazeera

He disappeared after detention. Now ICE is silent on the fate of Venezuelan man - Miami HeraldHe disappeared after detention. Now ICE is silent on the fate of Venezuelan man  Miami Herald

Who are the people Bukele wants to exchange for Venezuelan detainees in El Salvador? - ReutersWho are the people Bukele wants to exchange for Venezuelan detainees in El Salvador?  Reuters