Venezuela

Country Venezuela
Capital Caracas
Continent South America
Currency Bolivar fuerte(VEF)
Languages Spanish

Information

Introduction

Venezuela was one of three countries that emerged from the collapse of Gran Colombia in 1830 (the others being Ecuador and New Granada, which became Colombia). For most of the first half of the 20th century, Venezuela was ruled by generally benevolent military strongmen, who promoted the oil industry and allowed for some social reforms. Democratically elected governments have held sway since 1959. Hugo CHAVEZ, president since 1999, seeks to implement his "21st Century Socialism," which purports to alleviate social ills while at the same time attacking capitalist globalization and existing democratic institutions. Current concerns include: a weakening of democratic institutions, political polarization, a politicized military, drug-related violence along the Colombian border, increasing internal drug consumption, overdependence on the petroleum industry with its price fluctuations, and irresponsible mining operations that are endangering the rain forest and indigenous peoples.

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References

Venezuela - Wikipedia
Venezuela - CIA World Fact Book
Venezuela - BBC
Venezuela - Timeline - BBC

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News Headlines

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Venezuelan lawmakers declare UN human rights chief persona non grata - Al JazeeraVenezuelan lawmakers declare UN human rights chief persona non grata  Al Jazeera

Message to the Venezuelan People on Independence Day - U.S. Department of State (.gov)Message to the Venezuelan People on Independence Day  U.S. Department of State (.gov)

Venezuela's Maduro wins landslide in election boycotted by opposition - The HinduVenezuela's Maduro wins landslide in election boycotted by opposition  The Hindu

Venezuela Update Flash Flood Situation Report #1 July 3, 2025 - Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) - ReliefWebVenezuela Update Flash Flood Situation Report #1 July 3, 2025 - Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)  ReliefWeb

Venezuela and China showcase partnership through productive deals, not loans - EL PAÍS EnglishVenezuela and China showcase partnership through productive deals, not loans  EL PAÍS English

Venezuela vows to uphold sovereignty on 214th independence anniversary - Daily News EgyptVenezuela vows to uphold sovereignty on 214th independence anniversary  Daily News Egypt

Q&A Is Venezuela about to lose Citgo, its most prized foreign asset? - ReutersQ&A Is Venezuela about to lose Citgo, its most prized foreign asset?  Reuters

Hugo Carvajal: Venezuelan ex-spy chief pleads guilty to narco-terror charges - BBCHugo Carvajal: Venezuelan ex-spy chief pleads guilty to narco-terror charges  BBC

Venezuela’s Communal Project - Monthly ReviewVenezuela’s Communal Project  Monthly Review

Bilateral meeting with H.E. Tibisay León, Vice-Minister for Productive Agriculture at the Ministry of People’s Power for Agricultural Production and Land of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela - Food and Agriculture OrganizationBilateral meeting with H.E. Tibisay León, Vice-Minister for Productive Agriculture at the Ministry of People’s Power for Agricultural Production and Land of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela  Food and Agriculture Organization

'What happened in Venezuela can happen anywhere'—Interview with Exiled Venezuelan Judge Eleazar Saldivia - JURIST Legal News'What happened in Venezuela can happen anywhere'—Interview with Exiled Venezuelan Judge Eleazar Saldivia  JURIST Legal News

Russia Built a Cartridge Factory in Venezuela - ??????????Russia Built a Cartridge Factory in Venezuela  ??????????

Gold Reserve Emerges as Top Bidder for Venezuela’s Citgo - WSJGold Reserve Emerges as Top Bidder for Venezuela’s Citgo  WSJ

Vitol-led group bids over $10 billion for Venezuela’s Citgo - Investing.com IndiaVitol-led group bids over $10 billion for Venezuela’s Citgo  Investing.com India

Tanker exports rise as Venezuela sends cargoes to China following end of US deal - Tradewinds NewsTanker exports rise as Venezuela sends cargoes to China following end of US deal  Tradewinds News

Why Is Russia Building a New Ammunition Factory in Venezuela? - The National InterestWhy Is Russia Building a New Ammunition Factory in Venezuela?  The National Interest

Former Venezuelan intelligence chief pleads guilty to US drug charges - The GuardianFormer Venezuelan intelligence chief pleads guilty to US drug charges  The Guardian

Venezuela's oil exports on the rise as more cargoes head to China - ReutersVenezuela's oil exports on the rise as more cargoes head to China  Reuters

Boletín Cluster Nacional de Salud enero-febrero 2025 - ReliefWebBoletín Cluster Nacional de Salud enero-febrero 2025  ReliefWeb

Venezuelan lawmakers declare UN human rights official Turk persona non grata - ReutersVenezuelan lawmakers declare UN human rights official Turk persona non grata  Reuters

History suggests Trump’s snapped back sanctions won’t deliver change in Venezuela - Chatham HouseHistory suggests Trump’s snapped back sanctions won’t deliver change in Venezuela  Chatham House

Venezuela Secures UN Recognition of ‘International Day Against Unilateral Coercive Measures’ - VenezuelanalysisVenezuela Secures UN Recognition of ‘International Day Against Unilateral Coercive Measures’  Venezuelanalysis

The Venezuelanalysis Podcast Episode 38: Venezuela, Iran and the Right Side of History - VenezuelanalysisThe Venezuelanalysis Podcast Episode 38: Venezuela, Iran and the Right Side of History  Venezuelanalysis

Venezuela exposes international destabilization network - St Vincent TimesVenezuela exposes international destabilization network  St Vincent Times

Venezuela's El Dorado, where gold is currency of the poor - France 24Venezuela's El Dorado, where gold is currency of the poor  France 24

U.N. warns of worsening human rights conditions in Venezuela - upi.comU.N. warns of worsening human rights conditions in Venezuela  upi.com

Venezuela election results: Who lost, won and what next? - Al JazeeraVenezuela election results: Who lost, won and what next?  Al Jazeera

Opinion | Banning Venezuelans doesn’t make the U.S. safer. It makes Maduro stronger. - The Washington PostOpinion | Banning Venezuelans doesn’t make the U.S. safer. It makes Maduro stronger.  The Washington Post

Venezuela oil import: Trump's new trade tariff twist may shake up India's cost game, China not spared - The Economic TimesVenezuela oil import: Trump's new trade tariff twist may shake up India's cost game, China not spared  The Economic Times

Venezuela Opens First Kalashnikov Ammunition Plant in the Americas - Colombia OneVenezuela Opens First Kalashnikov Ammunition Plant in the Americas  Colombia One

The US-Venezuela relations: A downward spiral - orfonline.orgThe US-Venezuela relations: A downward spiral  orfonline.org

Venezuelan-owned refiner and charterer Citgo auctioned for $7bn in US - Tradewinds NewsVenezuelan-owned refiner and charterer Citgo auctioned for $7bn in US  Tradewinds News

Venezuela: Brutal Crackdown Since Elections - Human Rights WatchVenezuela: Brutal Crackdown Since Elections  Human Rights Watch

UAE leaders congratulate President of Venezuela on Independence Day - MSNUAE leaders congratulate President of Venezuela on Independence Day  MSN

Ruben Limardo sets sights on LA 2028: “I still have more to give” - Olympics.comRuben Limardo sets sights on LA 2028: “I still have more to give”  Olympics.com

Venezuelan influencer who criticized gangs, police killed by 2 gunmen in middle of TikTok livestream | Trending - Hindustan Times - Hindustan TimesVenezuelan influencer who criticized gangs, police killed by 2 gunmen in middle of TikTok livestream | Trending - Hindustan Times  Hindustan Times

Lukashenko: Belarus Highly Values Strong Relationships and Cooperation with Venezuela - News.byLukashenko: Belarus Highly Values Strong Relationships and Cooperation with Venezuela  News.by

Russia Builds Ammunition Plant in Venezuela to Produce 70 Million Rounds Annually - UNITED24 MediaRussia Builds Ammunition Plant in Venezuela to Produce 70 Million Rounds Annually  UNITED24 Media

Venezuela's Machado calls for more US action against Maduro - ReutersVenezuela's Machado calls for more US action against Maduro  Reuters

Bolivian national football team held in Venezuela on dubious grounds - Euronews.comBolivian national football team held in Venezuela on dubious grounds  Euronews.com

Maduro Locks Up Economists Sharing Data on Venezuela’s Decline - Bloomberg.comMaduro Locks Up Economists Sharing Data on Venezuela’s Decline  Bloomberg.com

They Are Making Venezuela’s Economy Scream: The Eighteenth Newsletter (2025) - Tricontinental: Institute for Social ResearchThey Are Making Venezuela’s Economy Scream: The Eighteenth Newsletter (2025)  Tricontinental: Institute for Social Research

Venezuela's ruling party claims election win as opposition boycotts - BBCVenezuela's ruling party claims election win as opposition boycotts  BBC

Venezuela’s 214th Independence Day celebrated in Doha| Gulf Times - Gulf TimesVenezuela’s 214th Independence Day celebrated in Doha| Gulf Times  Gulf Times

Borders and ballots: Why Essequibo is controversial in Venezuela’s election - Al JazeeraBorders and ballots: Why Essequibo is controversial in Venezuela’s election  Al Jazeera

Five Venezuelan opposition members 'rescued' from Caracas, US says - BBCFive Venezuelan opposition members 'rescued' from Caracas, US says  BBC

Is Venezuela about to lose Citgo, its most prized foreign asset? - TradingViewIs Venezuela about to lose Citgo, its most prized foreign asset?  TradingView

Venezuela's ex-spymaster pleads guilty to US drug trafficking charges - ReutersVenezuela's ex-spymaster pleads guilty to US drug trafficking charges  Reuters

U.N. sounds alarm over worsening human rights crisis in Venezuela - Miami HeraldU.N. sounds alarm over worsening human rights crisis in Venezuela  Miami Herald

Sanctions on Venezuela Are Not Driving Migration to the US Southwest Border: An Empirical Assessment - Center for Global DevelopmentSanctions on Venezuela Are Not Driving Migration to the US Southwest Border: An Empirical Assessment  Center for Global Development

Why the Andes and Other Parts of Venezuela Suffer from Rain-Related Disasters - Caracas ChroniclesWhy the Andes and Other Parts of Venezuela Suffer from Rain-Related Disasters  Caracas Chronicles

Security Alert: Do Not Travel to Venezuela for any reason and Avoid Venezuelan Borders with Colombia, Brazil, and Guyana - U.S. Embassy in Colombia (.gov)Security Alert: Do Not Travel to Venezuela for any reason and Avoid Venezuelan Borders with Colombia, Brazil, and Guyana  U.S. Embassy in Colombia (.gov)

Torrential rains cause thousands to be evacuated in western Venezuela - Anadolu AjansiTorrential rains cause thousands to be evacuated in western Venezuela  Anadolu Ajansi

World Report 2025: Rights Trends in Venezuela - Human Rights WatchWorld Report 2025: Rights Trends in Venezuela  Human Rights Watch

Venezuela: Council renews restrictive measures and lists a further 15 individuals in view of the situation in the country - consilium.europa.euVenezuela: Council renews restrictive measures and lists a further 15 individuals in view of the situation in the country  consilium.europa.eu

Venezuela suspends flights from Colombia after arrests of ‘mercenaries’ - Al JazeeraVenezuela suspends flights from Colombia after arrests of ‘mercenaries’  Al Jazeera

Venezuela parliament calls UN rights chief 'persona non grata' - Bangladesh Sangbad Sangstha (BSS)Venezuela parliament calls UN rights chief 'persona non grata'  Bangladesh Sangbad Sangstha (BSS)

Venezuela Is Open for Investment* - The AtlanticVenezuela Is Open for Investment*  The Atlantic

Message To Venezuelan People On Independence Day - Mirage NewsMessage To Venezuelan People On Independence Day  Mirage News

The Impact of the New US Oil Tariffs on Venezuela - Columbia UniversityThe Impact of the New US Oil Tariffs on Venezuela  Columbia University

Venezuelan lawmakers declare UN human rights chief persona non grata - AP NewsVenezuelan lawmakers declare UN human rights chief persona non grata  AP News

USA - Venezuela: Venezuela punitive tariffs - Friedrich Naumann FoundationUSA - Venezuela: Venezuela punitive tariffs  Friedrich Naumann Foundation

Guyana president decries Venezuela’s plan to hold elections ‘in our territory’ - The GuardianGuyana president decries Venezuela’s plan to hold elections ‘in our territory’  The Guardian

Amir sends congratulations to Venezuela President - The Peninsula QatarAmir sends congratulations to Venezuela President  The Peninsula Qatar

Guyana soldiers attacked three times in 24 hours amid tensions with Venezuela - The GuardianGuyana soldiers attacked three times in 24 hours amid tensions with Venezuela  The Guardian

Contesting Electoral Fraud in Venezuela: Implications for the Future of Democracy in Latin America - Georgetown Journal of International AffairsContesting Electoral Fraud in Venezuela: Implications for the Future of Democracy in Latin America  Georgetown Journal of International Affairs

‘Demoralizing’: Venezuelans experience confusion and fear amid Trump travel ban - The Guardian‘Demoralizing’: Venezuelans experience confusion and fear amid Trump travel ban  The Guardian

Venezuela rejects UN ruling to refrain from holding election in disputed region - The GuardianVenezuela rejects UN ruling to refrain from holding election in disputed region  The Guardian

Why the U.S. Should Engage with Venezuela - Americas QuarterlyWhy the U.S. Should Engage with Venezuela  Americas Quarterly

US government will not renew Chevron’s Venezuela oil licence - Financial TimesUS government will not renew Chevron’s Venezuela oil licence  Financial Times

Maduro triumphs in Venezuelan election boycotted by opposition - Al JazeeraMaduro triumphs in Venezuelan election boycotted by opposition  Al Jazeera

The President of Turkmenistan congratulated the President of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela - Turkmenistan Altyn AsyrThe President of Turkmenistan congratulated the President of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela  Turkmenistan Altyn Asyr

Venezuela reaches agreement with US to resume repatriation flights of migrants - ReutersVenezuela reaches agreement with US to resume repatriation flights of migrants  Reuters

Human Rights Council focuses on Iran, Syria, Venezuela - UN NewsHuman Rights Council focuses on Iran, Syria, Venezuela  UN News

Belarus to strengthen ties with Venezuela - Prensa Latina - Latin American News AgencyBelarus to strengthen ties with Venezuela  Prensa Latina - Latin American News Agency

Maduro consolidates hold on power as Venezuela’s opposition boycotts elections - The ConversationMaduro consolidates hold on power as Venezuela’s opposition boycotts elections  The Conversation

Putin and Venezuela's Maduro sign strategic partnership agreement in Moscow - ReutersPutin and Venezuela's Maduro sign strategic partnership agreement in Moscow  Reuters

Appeals court weighs Trump's use of wartime law to deport Venezuelans - ReutersAppeals court weighs Trump's use of wartime law to deport Venezuelans  Reuters

The Playbook and the Memoir of Venezuela’s Demise - Caracas ChroniclesThe Playbook and the Memoir of Venezuela’s Demise  Caracas Chronicles

Is Venezuela Using Criminals to Provoke Guyana? - InSight CrimeIs Venezuela Using Criminals to Provoke Guyana?  InSight Crime

TikToker’s Murder Highlights Danger of Denouncing Venezuelan Organized Crime - InSight CrimeTikToker’s Murder Highlights Danger of Denouncing Venezuelan Organized Crime  InSight Crime

Deputy Amir sends congratulations to Venezuela President - The Peninsula QatarDeputy Amir sends congratulations to Venezuela President  The Peninsula Qatar

Tug of war over Trump’s Venezuela policy leaves investors guessing - Financial TimesTug of war over Trump’s Venezuela policy leaves investors guessing  Financial Times

Drones Could Be Heroes In Venezuela’s Flood Nightmare - DroneXL.coDrones Could Be Heroes In Venezuela’s Flood Nightmare  DroneXL.co

Venezuela minister says opposition negotiated members' exit from Argentine residence - ReutersVenezuela minister says opposition negotiated members' exit from Argentine residence  Reuters

Venezuela: Rights Crisis Deepens as Maduro is Sworn in - Human Rights WatchVenezuela: Rights Crisis Deepens as Maduro is Sworn in  Human Rights Watch

Explainer: What are the major pressure points in the US-Venezuela relationship? - ReutersExplainer: What are the major pressure points in the US-Venezuela relationship?  Reuters

Venezuela opposition's Machado promises 'empty' voting booths for elections - France 24Venezuela opposition's Machado promises 'empty' voting booths for elections  France 24

How much of a threat does Venezuela’s exiled opposition pose to the rule of Nicolás Maduro? - The ConversationHow much of a threat does Venezuela’s exiled opposition pose to the rule of Nicolás Maduro?  The Conversation

Amir sends congratulations to President of Venezuela| Gulf Times - Gulf TimesAmir sends congratulations to President of Venezuela| Gulf Times  Gulf Times

Venezuela to resume repatriation of migrants after deal with US - BBCVenezuela to resume repatriation of migrants after deal with US  BBC

Trump cancels oil deal in major blow to Venezuela - BBCTrump cancels oil deal in major blow to Venezuela  BBC

Venezuela’s Maduro sworn in amid outrage over alleged fraudulent election - The GuardianVenezuela’s Maduro sworn in amid outrage over alleged fraudulent election  The Guardian

El Salvador offers Venezuela prisoner swap involving US deportees - BBCEl Salvador offers Venezuela prisoner swap involving US deportees  BBC

Opinion | What July 5th Taught Me That July 4th Never Did - Common DreamsOpinion | What July 5th Taught Me That July 4th Never Did  Common Dreams

US and allies slap sanctions on Venezuela officials as Maduro inaugurated - ReutersUS and allies slap sanctions on Venezuela officials as Maduro inaugurated  Reuters

Venezuela says being in US is ‘great risk’ as countries respond to Trump travel ban - The GuardianVenezuela says being in US is ‘great risk’ as countries respond to Trump travel ban  The Guardian

UN Human Rights Council 59: UK Statement on the Situation of Human Rights in the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela - GOV.UKUN Human Rights Council 59: UK Statement on the Situation of Human Rights in the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela  GOV.UK

Lessons from Venezuela’s democratic collapse: how opposition movements can defy autocratic leaders - Keough School of Global AffairsLessons from Venezuela’s democratic collapse: how opposition movements can defy autocratic leaders  Keough School of Global Affairs

Exclusive: Trump administration tells migrants from Cuba, Haiti, Nicaragua and Venezuela their legal status is terminated - CNNExclusive: Trump administration tells migrants from Cuba, Haiti, Nicaragua and Venezuela their legal status is terminated  CNN